1140 people of the name, from every record set in this archive

The People

The whole roster, in one list. Start with ★ My line if you only want the people this archive can attach to David’s own descent — the rest are of the name, not of the family.

Every person of this surname the archive can name, gathered from every record set it holds and from David's own MyHeritage tree — parish burials, headstones, reconstructed households, FamilySearch record hits, the Gologorica pedigree, the Eleven of Gračišće, the Omiš chart, the direct line, the namesakes, people read straight off register images by eye where no index exists, and 555 individuals harvested from the live tree on 8 September 2026. Identity here is by record, not by resolved individual: two entries may be one person, and where the archive knows they are it has merged them. Nothing here is new evidence — it is all of the evidence, in one list, for the first time. The parish shown is the register the record was filmed from, not the place a transcriber typed: it comes from resolving each record to its image, its film and the catalogue entry for that film. Where a film covers more than one parish it is attributed to the film's principal parish, and that is a real limit of the method. This list is rebuilt when the research moves. People found by reading a register page rather than by searching an index are marked Read off the register — they are in no index anywhere, so the only way to find them again is this page. The nine Vodnjan additions of 9 September 2026 came out of the Liber Copulatorum that way.

Living people are named, and nothing more. This archive lists living relatives by name only — no date of birth, no address, no place of residence, no photograph — at David's decision, as the family member compiling it. Everyone else on this list is dead, or is held here as possibly living, and the difference is now tested rather than assumed. Until 22 September 2026 the living flag was set by hand, so it caught the relatives David knew to name and nobody else; testing the dates instead found eight people born between 1931 and 1946 with no death recorded anywhere this archive can reach. Five of them are held as possibly living — name and place, no dates. They are people out of David's own family tree, which is what the rule is about. Three are not, and they keep their dates: the children of the Dignano household in the 1947 refugee papers, who came out of the Arolsen collections and not the tree. That is David's decision, taken deliberately: the rule protects his relatives, and a person already published by a public index is not made more private by this site withholding what the index prints. The reasoning is on the work list. The dates this archive withholds are still held; they are simply not printed, and they come back the moment a death is found.

572 of them have a record behind them — a FamilySearch document you can open — and 513 are in the family tree. Better still, 367 now carry the name of the parish register they were actually found in, recovered film by film from records the index labelled only «Croazia, Austria». Where a row has both links, both are given. A record link opens the indexed document; a tree link opens the person in David's MyHeritage tree, which is private, so it will only work for people he has given access to.

187Carnia

96Venice

2Crete

177S. Istria

338Not placed

52Trentino

4Corsica

70Abroad

158No place

56Other

1,590 people · everything is listed; the filters only narrow it

★ My line is the Carnia lane — everyone this archive places on the family's own road. ★ Direct line is the documented spine, generation by generation.

Name	Born	Died	Place	Family	Where it is written up	Records
Francesco de Franceschi	—	1512	Omiš	Venice	Omiš chart · Saliera di porto di Zara — the salt office of the port of Zadar; wife a contessa Grisogono
★Girolamo de' Franceschi	—	1513	Koper · Padua · Udine	Crete	Namesake · Church
Francesco de Franceschi	1520	1598	Omiš	Venice	Omiš chart · Consigliere di Serenissima
Tommaso-Francesco de Franceschi	—	1536	Omiš	Venice	Omiš chart · Colonnello
★Alessandro de Franceschi OP	1545	1601	Forlì	Other	Namesake · Church
★Andrea dei Franceschi	—	1552	Venice	Venice	Namesake · Chancery
★Domenico de' Franceschi	1560	1570	Venice	Venice	Namesake · Printing, engraving
Gaspar de Franceschi	1562	1609	dalmatia	No place	Biography · Shipowner, Admiral
Gasparo de Franceschi	1562	1609	Omiš	Venice	Omiš chart · Admirale; wife a contessa Zanon
★Marcantonio de Franceschi	1567	—	Venice	Venice	Namesake · Chancery
Gioannes Maria De Franceschi	1581	1645	Omiš	Venice	Parish burial	record
Pietro Antonio detto Perini de Franceschi	1588	1661	Omiš	Venice	Omiš chart · posjednik — landholder; wife M. Dešković
★Francesco Franceschi	1599	—	Siena · Venice	Venice	Namesake · Printing
Francesco de Franceschi	1608	1660	Omiš	Venice	Omiš chart · posjednik; wife Lucrezia
Pietro De Franceschi	—	1619	Rovinj	Not placed	Parish burial	record
Girolamo de Franceschi	1622	1695	Omiš	Venice	Omiš chart · posjednik; wife Elena Coltroni The tree and this archive disagree by 10 years on the birth, which is too much for age arithmetic. Tree 1632, here 1622; the death year agrees. One of the two is wrong about the person, not the sum — either a record is matched to the wrong man, or a date was misread from a hard hand. Unresolved, and flagged rather than averaged. (20 Sept 2026.)
Joannem Anto de Franceschi	1626	—	Rijeka · Rijeka, Primorsko-goranska, Hrvatska	Not placed	Household	record
Nicolo De Franceschi	1626	1716	Split (Sv. Dujam) · Split	Venice	Parish burial	record
Gioanna Victoriam de Franceschi	1628	—	Rijeka · Rijeka, Primorsko-goranska, Hrvatska	Not placed	Household	record
Mariam de Franceschi	1632	—	Rijeka · Rijeka, Primorsko-goranska, Hrvatska	Not placed	Household · One baptism, indexed twice in two different FamilySearch collections. Both `1:1:QLYD-H7YJ` and `1:1:QKMD-LKFC` are the baptism of Mariam de Franceschi at Rijeka on 9 September 1632 — the first in «Croatia, Delnice Deanery Catholic Church Books, 1571–1926», the second in «Croatia, Church Books, 1516–1994». Two different arks are not two different records when the collections overlap, which is the case the ark test does not cover. Read on FamilySearch, 27 September 2026.	record
Margarita Franceschi	1639	—	Omiš, Split-Dalmatia, Croazia	Venice	Household
Nicolò De Franceschi	1644	—	Omiš · Omiš, Split-Dalmatia, Croazia	Venice	Household · Indexed by FamilySearch as «Nicolaa», female; the Omiš register reads «il figlio … al quale fu posto nome Nicolò». Corrected here.	record
Zuanne Franceschi	1646	—	Omiš, Split-Dalmatia, Croazia	Venice	Household	record
Joannes Franceschi	1651	—	Austria	No place	Household
Lucia Franceschi	1651	—	Austria	No place	Household
Antonia De Franceschi	—	1659	Pula	S. Istria	Parish burial	record
Colotta De Franceschi	1666	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Record index	record
Fioretta De Franceschi	1666	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Record index	record
Franceschina De Franceschi	1667	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Household	record
Mattia De Franceschi	1669	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Household	record tree
Mattia Defranceschi	1669	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Anto De Franceschi	1671	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Household	record
Antonius Defranceschi	1671	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Giacomo De Franceschi	1671	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Record index	record
Gian / Giovanni / Ivan Battista Defranceschithird cousin five times removed	1673	1743	Gologorica, Istra	Carnia	Read off the register · ⭐ His row was two tree years and nothing else. He now has a death day and an age that confirms both. > 11. · Matteo Petrovich — 1720 · Giud.ᵉ Simone Udovich Schina — 1727 · *Gio: Battà Defranceschi … d'an: 70* — *174—* (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069216: the Gologorica obit calendar, under 11 September.) *Seventy years old, dying in the 1740s, which puts his birth in the 1670s* — and this row carries 1673–1743 off a family tree. The arithmetic agrees to the year. ⚠ The final digit of the year is under an ink blot and is not read here; the entry gives «174—». *The age of 70 is clear and is the figure doing the work.* The tree's 1743 is consistent with it and is not confirmed by it, and the digit is not being supplied from the tree. ⚠ He is not the Giovanni Battista whose widow and daughter are below. Lucia, widow of a «q. Gio: Batta Defranceschi», died in 1720 and Vittoria, daughter of one, in 1709 — *both while this man was alive.* There were two of the name a generation apart.	tree
Giovanna De Franceschi	1673	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Record index	record
★Giovanni — il Zuane — de Franceschi	1673	1741	Omiš · Imotski	Venice	Namesake · Arms
Zuane Ivan Franceschi	1673	1741	dalmatia	Venice	Biography · Count, Omiš councillor, Volunteer commander
Mattio De Franceschi	1674	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Household	record
Mattio Defranceschi	1674	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Giacoma De Franceschi	—	1683	Vrsar	Not placed	Parish burial	record
Gisanna Defranceschiwife of a third cousin five times removed	1684	1774	Gologorica, Istra	Carnia	Read off the register · ⭐⭐ Her row was a name and two tree years. She turns out to be the wife of the župan, and this archive has had her standing at fonts for a year without knowing she was the same woman. > 46 · «*Joanna Defranceschi annorum nonaginta circiter, vidua defuncti Supani Joannis Defranceschi, munita Sacramentis Pœnitentiæ, Eucharistiæ, ac Extremæ Unctionis per me Parochum hujus Loci* Marcum Bancich, et a me eodem *sepulta est 21 in Arca ejusdem existente in hac Parochiali Ecclesia.» (doc — DAPA* ZM34K-214, M01068988, the Gologorica death register «Liber Mortuorum II», under 20 April 1774, in the hand of Marcus Bancich.) *Died 20 April 1774, buried the 21st — inside the parish church, in her own household's tomb.* age · «annorum nonaginta circiter» — about ninety, so born about 1684. *This row's tree years, 1684 and 1774, are both confirmed by one entry.* husband · «vidua defuncti SUPANI Joannis Defranceschi» — widow of the late župan house · 46 — the second Defranceschi house on the 1770 list, whose struck first head is a «Joannes» grave · «sepulta …* in Arca ejusdem existente in hac Parochiali Ecclesia»* — *in the family's own chest-tomb, inside the church, not in the cemetery* ⚠ THE ŽUPAN IS NOT NEW — and this is her death, not his office. This archive has carried him since the Gračišće sweep: «Patrini fuerunt Judex Gregorius Milcovich et* Ioana Uxor Sup.ⁿⁱ Ioanis Bap.ᵗᵃe Defranceschi»* (8 January 1733) and «R.ᵈⁱ D.ⁿⁱ Joannes Grach, et* Joanna uxor Sup.ⁿⁱ Jo: Baptistæ Defranceschi de Golagoriza»* (1743). *That is this woman, at a font in another parish, forty-one and thirty-one years before she died.* inf, on the forename, the office, the parish and the dates — and the death entry abbreviates the husband to «Joannis» where the Gračišće ones give «Joannis Baptistæ». ⭐ So the archive's best-documented eighteenth-century Gologorica household now has a grave. The župan was the man the absentee lord governed the village through; his family had a tomb inside the parish church; and his widow outlived him into her ninetieth year. ⚠⚠ AND IT EXPOSES AN ARITHMETIC PROBLEM THIS ARCHIVE HAD NOT NOTICED. The Zagreb librarians' account makes the župan's son Gian Pietro, the lord's tax-collector — and this archive identified that man yesterday as «Sig.ʳ Giovanni Pietro Defranceschi, N.º 36, d'anni 86½», dead 8 September 1781, born about March 1695.* > *A woman born about 1684 cannot be the mother of a man born about 1695.* One of three things is true and this archive is not choosing between them: her «circiter» is loose by a decade and more; or she is a later wife and Gian Pietro is the župan's son by an earlier one; or the «86½» of 1781 is not his. ⚠ No parentage is attached to anybody on the strength of it. What is recorded is that the join exists and does not add up.* --- ⭐⭐ 11 October 2026 — she is alive at a font ten years before she dies, and her husband's name is finally written by his own parish. > 26 Aprilis 1764 · «patrini fuere* D.ⁿᵘˢ Matheus Flegar, et *Domina Supana Joanna vidua defuncti D.ⁿⁱ Supani Joannis Baptistæ Defranceschi» (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01068918, the first text page of «Liber Baptizatorum II».) *This row's note has said that «the death entry abbreviates the husband to «Joannis»* where the Gračišće ones give «Joannis Baptistæ».» Gologorica now gives «Joannis Baptistæ»* itself**, ten years earlier, in the same priest's hand —* and he has a row of his own, with a death *before 26 April 1764, which is a terminus her burial entry does not supply.* ⭐ And she carries the title herself. «Domina Supana» — not «vidua Supani». She stood at this font *five days short of ten years* before she was buried in the family's arca. ⭐ And she is at fonts in 1765 and 1767 as well. She is a godmother on 24 September 1765 and 14 February 1767, both times beside Thomas Flegar, both times for children of the Udovcich Gospood — and both entries name her husband in full. *Three appearances in thirty-four months, all a decade or more after his death, and she was already in her eighties.* The three entries are set side by side here. ✔ And a fourth, 5 February 1770 (M01068926) — «Joanna vidua defuncti Joannis Baptistæ Defranceschi». She is about eighty-six, and she has four years to live. Told here.	tree
Francesco De Franceschi	—	1686	Vrsar	Not placed	Parish burial	record
Zuana De Franceschi	1688	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Record index	record tree
Zuana Defranceschi	1688	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Mattio Defranceschi	1690	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Batista De Franceschi	1692	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Household	record tree
Batista Defranceschi	1692	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Flora De Franceschi	1692	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Record index	record
Pietro Defranceschi	1695	1781	Gologorica, Istra	Carnia	Read off the register · *⭐⭐ His row was two tree years. He is now a «Signor»* with a house, an age to the half-year, and — probably — a second roster row. > 8. · Sig.ʳ Giovanni Pietro Defranceschi, N.º 36, d'anni 86½ — 1781** (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069216: the Gologorica obit calendar, under 8 September.) *Died 8 September 1781, aged eighty-six and a half, which puts his birth about March 1695.* This row carries 1695–1781 off a family tree, and the register index agrees with both to within a season. his style · «Sig.ʳ» — Signor his house · N.º 36 — the senior Defranceschi door, where Margarita, Sancta and Hellena also die his full name · «Giovanni Pietro» — not «Pietro» ⭐⭐ AND THAT FORENAME PAIR JOINS THIS ROW TO ANOTHER. This archive holds a Joannes Petrus Defranceschi of Gologorica who stands godparent at Gračišće in 1744, 1747 and 1750 — and whose row says, in terms: «No parents, age or house are attached to him on any of the three entries.» > *Giovanni Pietro is Joannes Petrus.* One row has three dated appearances and no dates; the other has dates and no appearances. This entry has both, and the house. ⚠ They are NOT merged. Identity here is by record, and nothing in this entry names the Gračišće godparent. The join is inf and is recorded on both rows so that whoever tests it can see what it rests on: a distinctive double forename, one parish, and an age that brackets all three godparent appearances. --- ⭐⭐ 10 October — the CONTEMPORARY entry, and the tomb is his. > «36. · *Die 8 Septembris obijt* · *Dominus Joannes Petrus Defranceschi annorum 86, mensium 4, provisus in sua infirmitate Sacramentis Pœnitentiæ, Eucharistiæ et Extremæ Unctionis per me* Marcum Bancich Parochum hujus Loci; sepultus est 9 in *propria Arca ejusdem, per D.ⁿᵘᵐ* Carolum Covas, Canonicum» (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01068980, «Liber Mortuorum II», male sequence, 8 September 1781.)* Yesterday this row had him from the obit calendar, which is a copy made in 1800.* Here is the register the copy was made from. the calendar (1800) · the register (1781) died · 8 September 1781 · 8 September 1781 ✓ house · N.º 36 · 36 ✓ age · «d'anni 86½» · «annorum 86, mensium 4» — ⚠ two months apart grave · — · «in propria Arca ejusdem» — *his own tomb* buried by · — · Carolus Covas, Canonicus ⭐⭐ AND THE TOMB IS THE LINK. Leonardus the weaver, who died in 1773, was buried «in Arca D.ⁿⁱ Petri Defranceschi* in hoc Parrochiali Ecclesia existente»* — *in this man's tomb, eight years before its owner was laid in it.* So the Leonardus of house 45 and the Dominus Joannes Petrus of house 36 are one kin group, sharing a grave inside the parish church. ⚠ The register does not say how they were related and this archive does not guess. 86 years 4 months on 8 September 1781 puts his birth about May 1695, and this row's tree year is 1695. ✔ Confirmed, and now from the contemporary book rather than the copy. ⚠ The «86½» of the calendar is two months out — the second measured discrepancy in that copy, after the two days on Margaretta. ⚠ The burying canon is read «Carolum Covas» and the surname is not certain. ⭐ 11 October 2026 — and a 1767 entry that fits, without settling anything. > 11 Martij 1767, Gologorica: «patrini fuerunt* *D.ⁿᵘˢ Joannes Petrus Defranceschi…» (DAPA ZM34K-214, M01068922.) A man born about March 1695 is seventy-two in March 1767, and «Dominus» is the Latin of this row's «Sig.ʳ». The appearance is recorded on the other row, whose three Gračišće entries of 1744–1750 it extends by seventeen years. ⚠ *The two rows are still not joined.* This is one more thing that fits, and this village repeats its forenames. Told in full here.	tree
Leonardus Defranceschi	1697	1773	Gologorica, Istra	Carnia	Read off the register · --- *⚠⚠ 10 October 2026 — «THE 1773 DEATH REGISTER HAS BEEN READ, AND HE IS NOT IN IT»* — AND THAT WAS WRONG WITHIN THE HOUR. See below.** This row's 1773 comes from a family tree and nothing else, and the marriage of 9 June 1774 says the groom's father Leonardus was already dead. So the parish death register — kept by the same priest through both years — is where he should be. The 1773 deaths, in full: 7 March · 12 March · 4 May · 3 July · 1 August · 12 September · 13 October · 27 November. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01068988–M01068991, «Liber Mortuorum II».)* > *Eight deaths. Not one of them a Defranceschi.* ⚠ So this row's year has no support in the parish's own register, and the other death book gives a Leonardo Defranceschi dying 2 November 1751. *That makes the 1751 man the stronger candidate for the 1774 groom's father, where yesterday the two stood level.* ⚠ The year is NOT changed and nothing is withdrawn. A man can die outside his parish, a register can drop an entry, and eight deaths in a year is a low count for a village of a hundred and thirty houses — which is a reason to doubt the book's completeness before doubting the tree. What is recorded is that the register was asked and did not answer. --- # ⭐⭐⭐ HE IS IN IT — and he is «TEXTOR EX CARNIA» The eight 1773 deaths read above were eight women. This volume is split by sex and he is in the male sequence, forty frames earlier. > «45 · *Die 14 Martij obijt* · *Leonardus Defranceschi annorum septuaginta sex, provisus Sacramento Pœnitentiæ per me* Marcum Bancich Parochum, sepultus vero est 15 in *Arca D.ⁿⁱ Petri Defranceschi* in hoc Parrochiali Ecclesia existente. *( : professionis suæ* TEXTOR EX CARNIA : )*» (doc — DAPA* ZM34K-214, M01068977, «Liber Mortuorum II», male sequence, 14 March 1773.)* died · 14 March 1773, buried the 15th age · seventy-six → born about 1697. *This row's two tree years are confirmed by one entry.* house · 45 — the Defranceschi house on the 1770 list trade · «professionis suæ TEXTOR» — a weaver origin · «EX CARNIA» grave · in «Arca D.ⁿⁱ Petri Defranceschi», inside the parish church *⭐⭐ «EX CARNIA»* is the first time a Gologorica register places any Defranceschi outside Istria.** Every other Carnian document this archive holds comes from somewhere else. ⚠ It does not reach Mione by itself — Carnia is a region, and ninety-four years separate this from the 1679 return. No join to that household is made. *⭐⭐ And it makes the marriage of 9 June 1774 doc.* That groom is «q.ᵐ Leonardi filius, professionis suæ* Textor»* — *his father dead fifteen months before, at the same house, of the same trade.* Father and son are both weavers. ⚠ The Leonardo who died in 1751 remains a documented man; what is withdrawn is yesterday's conclusion that he was the better candidate.	tree
Pietro Defranceschi	—	1701	Gologorica, Istra	Carnia	Read off the register · ⭐ His row was a surname, a place and the year 1701 off a family tree. He now has a day, and a book. > 30. · *Pietro Defranceschi* — 170— (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069217: the Gologorica obit calendar, a perpetual index of the parish's dead by day of the year, opened for the first time on 9 October 2026.) *He died on 30 September.* The archive did not have a day for him. ⚠ THE YEAR IS NOT CONFIRMED AND THE TREE IS NOT BEING USED TO READ IT. At eight times the figure is «170» followed by a faint upright with a dot, beside the same scribe's unmistakable 1750, 1752, 1782 and 1788 in the four lines below. *The decade 1700–1709 is certain. The final digit is not.* The tree's 1701 is consistent with the page and is not confirmed by it, and that distinction is kept because this archive was wrong about single characters twice today. ⚠ *And which Pietro this is, is inf.* The archive holds a second Pietro of Gologorica, born 1695 and dead 1781. A death in the 1700s decade fits this row and not that one, and nothing further is claimed. ⚠ No age, no house, no parents. The calendar gives a day, a name and a year, and for many of its entries not even a house number. The register it indexes would give the rest.	tree
Veneranda De Franceschi	1701	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Household	record
Giacoma De Franceschi	1702	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Record index	record
Domenica De Franceschi	1703	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Household	record
Antonio De Franceschi	1704	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Record index	record tree
Antonio Defranceschi	1704	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Doma De Franceschi	1705	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Household	record
Giacomo De Franceschi	1706	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Household	record
Piero De Franceschi	1707	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Record index	record
Maria De Franceschi	1709	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Record index	record
★Toma de Franceschi	1714	1762	Zadar	Venice	Namesake · Law
Catarina De Franceschi	—	1717	Rijeka	Not placed	Parish burial	record
Ellena Defranceschi	1720	1804	Gologorica, Istra	Carnia	Read off the register · ⚠ This row has no note, and the reason is worth more than a note: its dates are the documented ones, and the document was filed on a different row. This row carries 1720–1804 off a family tree. The Gologorica death register gives «[domus] 36 · 26 augusti* [1804] · D.na HELLENA, vid. q. JOSEPHI DEFRANCESCHI ex loco · annorum 84 · Maligna»* — eighty-four in August 1804, so born about 1720, dead 1804. And the obit calendar agrees from a second book: «26.* · Signora Ellena Ved.ª q. Gius.ᵉ Defranceschi, d'anni 84 — 1804». (doc — DAPA* ZM34K-214, M01069215: the Gologorica obit calendar, under 26 August.) > *Two registers and this row agree on 1720 and 1804. The row that carries the write-up carries 1725–1809.* ⚠ Nothing is merged and nothing is moved. Identity here is by record, and a moved id is a dead URL. What is recorded is the problem: this archive holds two rows for what is probably one woman, attached the evidence to the one the evidence contradicts, and did not notice until a third book turned up. Raised on the work list.	tree
Vitorio Defranceschi	1720	—	Rovinj	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Josephus Defranceschi	1722	1787	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · The whole of this row was the word «Dominus». A title somebody wrote down, with a birth year and a death year off a family tree and no document behind either. He now has a daughter, from a register. > 20. · *Margarita figlia q. Sig.ʳ Giuseppe Defranceschi, N.º 36* — *1783* (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069209: the Gologorica obit calendar, under 20 April.) *Margarita died on 22 April 1783 — the calendar's 20th is two days out.* ⚠⚠ *CORRECTED 11 Oct 2026 — the register buries him at the END OF 1787, aged 64; «1782»* is withdrawn.** Her father outlived her by four and a half years, so the calendar's «q.» was wrong and the reasoning that once rested on it is withdrawn with it. ⚠ inf, and the objection travels with it. The entry names a Giuseppe Defranceschi dead before April 1783 and gives no age, no house for him and no other mark. ⚠⚠ *CORRECTED 11 Oct 2026 — the register buries him at the END OF 1787, aged 64; «1782»* is withdrawn. The «q.»* was a copyist's word and the whole of that argument falls with it.*** The two tree rows now carry one documented man's years and the adjudication is on the worklist. ⭐ And it places him at house 36 by his daughter, which is the house of Joannes Baptista and Catharina and of Sancta the spinster — ⚠ the entry gives the house against Margarita, not against him, and nothing further is claimed. ⚠ His own death is not documented. The obit calendar is the book that would do it and only ten of its nineteen openings have been read. --- ⭐ And a SECOND daughter, found the same evening. > «patrini fuerunt Rev.ᵈᵒ D. Mathias Baxa, Canonicus Titularis Cathedralis Eccl. Petinensis, et* *Marianna filia Domini Josephi Defranceschi» (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01068965, Gologorica baptisms, 2 July 1780.)* *Marianna stands godmother on 2 July 1780, beside a titular canon of Pedena cathedral.* So this row — which was the single word «Dominus» this morning — now has two daughters, Margarita and Marianna, both inf on the same argument and both named «filia … Josephi Defranceschi» in the register. --- ⚠ 10 October — a contemporary register does not call him dead in April 1783, and the tree does. > «Margaretta … filia* *Josephi et Hellenæ jugalium* de Franceschi»* — 22 April 1783 (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01068991, «Liber Mortuorum II», 22 April 1783.)* No «quondam». Where the obit calendar, written in 1800, has «figlia q. Sig.ʳ Giuseppe» — and her father's row carried d. 1782 off a family tree. ⚠⚠ *CORRECTED 11 Oct 2026 — the register buries him at the END OF 1787, aged 64; «1782»* is withdrawn. ⚠ A scribe in April 1783 would normally mark a dead father, and this one did not.** ✔✔ That doubt is now settled: the register buries him at the end of 1787. The reason to doubt the 1782, not a reason to move it: the archive has no document for his death at all, and an omitted «q.» is a thinner thing than a date. Recorded as the second figure on this row to rest on a tree and nothing else. ⭐ And his daughter's burial places the household's tomb. Margaretta was laid «in Arca Parentuum» — in her parents' chest-tomb inside the parish church. Nine years earlier the župan's widow at house 46 was buried «in Arca ejusdem existente in hac Parochiali Ecclesia», and the 1770 list makes Josephus the successor at house 46. ⚠ *Whether it is the same arca is not stated and is not claimed.* --- ⚠⚠ 10 October, later — the 1782 is now the most exposed figure on this row. His daughter's death of 22 April 1783 exists TWICE in the register: once in the men's sequence, struck through as a misplacement, and once among the women. Both writings call her «filia Josephi et Hellenæ JUGALIUM de Franceschi» — neither says «quondam». And he is in no death sequence for 1782 — not the men's, not the women's, and not the obit calendar, which covers 1646–1806. > *Three death books, and none of them buries him in 1782.* ⚠ The year is not changed. An omitted «q.» is thin, scribes drop it, and eight deaths in some of these years is a low count for a hundred and thirty houses. But the figure now rests on a family tree against the silence of every register that should hold it, and one entry written twice that treats him as living.* --- ⭐⭐ 10 October, later — a THIRD daughter, and his marriage documented fourteen years before anything else. > 26 February 1769 · «Maria filia legitima Josephi et Annæ jugalium* Flegar baptizata fuit a me Marco Bancich … patrini fuerunt *Dominus Josephus Defranceschi et ROSALIA EJUSDEM FILIA.» > 16 March 1769 · «Catharina filia legitima Stanislai et Dominicæ jugalium* Crismanich … patrini fuerunt *Dominus Josephus Defranceschi, et HELENA UXOR EJUSDEM.» (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01068925, «Liber Baptizatorum II» 1764–1788 — a book this archive had never opened.) Three weeks apart, in a book this archive had never opened: 26 Feb 1769 · he stands godfather with *Rosalia, his daughter* — a row that was a name and a place 16 Mar 1769 · he stands with *Helena, his wife* *So Josephus and Helena are a documented married couple in March 1769* — where this archive had them joined only by their daughter's death entry of 1783 and her own burial as his widow in 1804. ⭐ And he now has three daughters: Rosalia (godmother 1769), Margarita (d. 1783, b. c. 1760), Marianna (godmother 1780). **This row was the word «Dominus»* two days ago.* --- ⭐⭐ And a SON, named as his in 1772 — so this household is now four children deep. > 20 February 1772** · «[Mat]hia filia legitima jugalium Leonardi et Catharinæ Deprato[—] baptizata est a me Marco Bancich Parocho hujus Loci; patrini fuerunt *D.ⁿᵘˢ JOANNES BAPTISTA DEFRANCESCHI FILIUS D.ⁿⁱ JOSEPHI, et ROSALIA FILIA EJUSDEM D.ⁿⁱ JOSEPHI.» (doc — DAPA* ZM34K-214, M01068930, «Liber Baptizatorum II», 20 February 1772. The ink is faint; the entry was magnified before transcription.) named as his · where Joannes Baptista b. 1752 · «filius D.ⁿⁱ Josephi» · 1772, and again in his own burial of 1813 Rosalia · «filia ejusdem D.ⁿⁱ Josephi» · 1772; and «Rosalia ejusdem filia», 1769 Margarita d. 1783 at 22 · «filia Josephi et Hellenæ jugalium» · her death entry, twice written Marianna · «filia Domini Josephi Defranceschi» · 1780 Two days ago this row was the single word «Dominus». It now has a wife and four children, every one of them named as his in a register. --- ⭐⭐ And his daughter married a lord of Castel Roč. > Die 20 Junij · «Antonius Aloysius Nicolò** natus die 12 Junij, filius legitimus Domini *Joannis Andreæ Nicolò DE CASTRO ROZZI, et MARIANNA ejus uxoris, FILIA DOMINI JOSEPHI DEFRANCESCHI, baptizatus est a* *R.ᵐᵒ D.ⁿᵒ MATHIA DEFRANCESCHI, Canonico TITULARI Cathedralis Ecclesiæ PETINENSIS, de licentia Parochi … R.ᵐᵘˢ Marcus Bancich Archipresbyteri; patrini fuerunt D.ⁿᵘˢ* Joannes Baptista Defranceschi, et Maria uxor D.ⁿⁱ Antonij Covaz Pisinensis.» (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01068940, «Liber Baptizatorum II», 20 June 1781.)* **Marianna is «uxor Domini Joannis Andreæ Nicolò** de Castro Rozzi» — of the castle of Roč. And her son was baptised by a Defranceschi canon of Pedena cathedral, with her brother Joannes Baptista standing godfather. This row was the single word «Dominus» three days ago. *It is now a household with a wife, four children, a daughter married into a castle family, and a canon in the kin.* --- ⭐⭐ 11 October 2026 — four years and two months earlier than anything else on this row. > 16 Decembris 1764 · «baptizavi Luciam filiam legitimam Supani Martini et Mariæ jugalium Udovcich Gospood; patrini fuere *D.ⁿᵘˢ Joseph Defranceschi* et Lucia uxor defuncti Lucæ Dujanich ex Novaco» (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01068919, «Liber Baptizatorum II», in the hand of Marcus Bancich.) His earliest appearance until now was 26 February 1769, standing with his daughter Rosalia. *This is 16 December 1764* — and the word that was once the whole of this row, «Dominus», is on him here too. He stands for a daughter of the serving župan, eight months after the Defranceschi župan is entered «defuncti». ⭐⭐ And a son, and his wife named two years earlier. > 17 Aprilis 1768 · «baptizavit* *Petrum Antonium* filium legitimum *D.ⁿⁱ Josephi, et Helenæ jugalium Defranceschi» (M01068923) > 11 Martij 1767 · «patrini fuerunt D.ⁿᵘˢ Joannes Petrus Defranceschi et* *Helena uxor D.ⁿⁱ Josephi Defranceschi» (M01068922) *His son is Petrus Antonius, and he is the man the 1826 census enters as «civilitas», born 17 April 1768* — a row that until today had no parents on it. *Helena* is named as his wife in March 1767, two years before the 1769 entries that call her only «uxor ejusdem». Told in full here. ✔ And Helena beside his son, 18 December 1769 — «D.ⁿᵘˢ Joannes Baptista filius D.ⁿⁱ Josephi Defranceschi, et* *Helena uxor ejusdem D.ⁿⁱ Josephi» (M01068926). Father, wife and son all named in one clause. ✔ And his two children stand together, twice, for the other branch. 7 March 1775: «Rosalia filia D.ⁿⁱ Josephi Defranceschi» (M01068933). 15 March 1776: «Joannes Baptista Defranceschi, et Rosalia Defranceschi, filia D.ⁿⁱ Josephi Defranceschi» (M01068934) — at the baptism of the «detti Leonardi» daughter. --- *⭐⭐⭐ 11 October 2026 — A TRADE. This row began the week as the single word «Dominus».* > 10 Februarij 1779 · «patrini fuerunt* Vitus Pavelich, et *Helena uxor D.ⁿⁱ Josephi Defranceschi MERCATORIS* ex hac Parochia»* (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01068938, «Liber Baptizatorum II».) *MERCATOR — a merchant.* And the entry is precise: the child's own father is written «Joannis Sherbaz FABRI», a smith, in the same line. It accounts for everything this row had already collected. The «Dominus» on every entry; the archpriest of Cerovlje fetched over to christen his son, with godparents from Pazin; the «civilitas» the 1826 census still gives that son; the «Cives» the Gračišće register gives these people. ⭐ And it sets him in a trade network, not a household.* Leonardus is «TEXTOR EX CARNIA» (1773); his son is «Textor» (1774); Joannes Verzin is «ex Carnia, professionis suæ SARTOR» (1775). *Weaver, weaver, tailor, merchant.* ⚠ One construction. The standing rule wants a second before a trade is read as settled, and this row says so. ✔ And a fifth child named in this book. 30 March 1782: «Patrini fuerunt* *Joannes Baptista filius Josephi de Franceschi* et *Margarita ejusdem filia» (M01068941). His children attested here are now Joannes Baptista, Rosalia, Marianna, Margarita and Petrus Antonius.* ⚠⚠ 11 October 2026 — his death year is now the most exposed figure on this row. Two entries from «Liber Baptizatorum II»* put a Josephus Defranceschi alive after the date this row gives:* 16 December 1783, standing godfather as «Dominus Josephus Defranceschi»; and 4 October 1787, «Hellena UXOR Josephi de Franceschi» — the register distinguishing uxor from viduus in the same clause. ⚠ *No change is made.* The family relationships tie Helena, Margarita and Joannes Baptista to one Josephus, so the archive's second Josephus row does not rescue the chronology. It is on the worklist, and a contemporary death entry is what would settle it. --- ⭐⭐⭐ 11 October 2026 — HIS DEATH, AND IT CORRECTS THIS ROW BY FIVE YEARS. > 36 · «Die 30, hora *4.ᵗᵃ Matutina, anno quo supra* [1787] · Obijt *JOSEPHUS DE FRANCESCHJ, MERCATOR, ætatis suæ annorum 64. Provisus in sua infirmitate omnibus Sacramentis necessariis a* R.ᵈᵒ D.ⁿᵒ Can.ᶜᵒ Joanne Martinich. Cujus corpus 31 dicti sepultum est in Cœmeterio extra Locum, per R.ᵐᵘᵐ D.ⁿᵘᵐ Parocum ANICICH Novacci.» (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01068984, «Liber Mortuorum II», the male sequence.) this row carried · the register died · 1782 (a tree) · *the 30th, end of 1787* born · 1722 (the same tree) · aged 64 → *about 1723* house · 36 (inferred) · 36 ✓ trade · «MERCATOR» (one construction) · *MERCATOR* — a second *The death year is corrected to 1787. The birth stays at 1722* — an implied year is not a declared one — with c. 1723 recorded beside it. ✔✔ And it resolves two things this archive had flagged and could not settle: Helena is «uxor» on 4 October 1787 because he was alive, and the «jugalium» of April 1783 was right — the obit calendar's* «q.» was the copyist's. ⚠⚠ AND IT EXPOSES A DUPLICATE. An undocumented tree row carries «Guiseppe / Josephus / Josip Defranceschi, 1723–1787» — *the register's figures exactly. No merge is made here* — ids are frozen and every link written this week points at this row — but the adjudication is on the worklist. --- ✔✔ AND THE DUPLICATE IS ADJUDICATED THE SAME DAY — one man, and this row keeps him. The 1782 death this row carried for a year does not exist. The whole of 1782 in the male death sequence was read entry by entry (M01068981): *nine men and boys, every one named — Bancich, Deprato, Cinich, Stojsich, Ancich, a servant, Flegar, Udovcich, Crismanich — and not a Defranceschi among them.* The obit calendar never produced him either. The undocumented tree row carrying 1723–1787 is marked `sameAs` *this* row. Neither id moves. This row has the trade, the wife, the five children, the house and the tomb; it now has the right death year too. ⚠ The birth stays at 1722, and it is the weakest figure on this row. The register's «annorum 64» implies c. 1723 and the joined row says 1723 — but an implied year is not a declared one and the two tree figures are not independent. *A baptism entry would end it and nothing else will.*
Martino De Franceschi	1722	—	Rovinj	Not placed	Household	record
Antonio de Franceschi	1723	1791	Omiš	Venice	Omiš chart · posjednik; wife a contessa M. Cambj
Guiseppe / Josephus / Josip Defranceschi	1723	1787	Gologorica, Istra	Carnia	Family tree · ✔✔ ADJUDICATED 11 October 2026 — this row and josephus-defranceschi-1722 are ONE MAN, and that row is the one with his documents. > 36 · «Die* 30, hora 4.ᵗᵃ Matutina, anno quo supra [1787] · Obijt *Josephus de Franceschj, MERCATOR, ætatis suæ annorum 64» (DAPA ZM34K-214, M01068984.) *Aged sixty-four at the end of 1787 is a birth about 1723 and a death in 1787 — this row's figures, to the year.* But the man in that entry is the merchant of house 36, husband of Helena and father of five, and every document this archive holds for him sits on the other row. And the year that other row carried — a death in 1782 — does not exist. The whole of 1782 in the male death sequence was read entry by entry: nine men and boys, every one named, not a Defranceschi among them; and the obit calendar never produced him either. > *One row had his documents and the wrong years. This one had his years and no documents.* Marked `sameAs`, not merged. It retires nothing, moves no id and keeps both published addresses alive — the mechanism this archive has used thirty times and should not have put to a worklist again.	tree
Helena Defranceschi	1725	1809	Gologorica, Pazin, Istria	Carnia	Gologorica pedigree · ⚠ The parish death register disagrees with this row at both ends, and it has not been changed yet. > «Idem · [domus] 36 · 26 augusti* [1804] · *D.na HELLENA, vid[ua] q. JOSEPHI DEFRANCESCHI ex loco* · annorum 84 · Maligna»* (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069240, page 25 of the Gologorica death register.) *Eighty-four in August 1804 puts her birth about 1720, and her death in 1804.* This archive carries 1725–1809 — four years out on the birth and five on the death. ⚠ Nothing is changed here yet, deliberately. The death book is four frames into ninety-one. Five date collisions are now open in this family, and the sensible thing is to finish the book and move them together rather than one at a time. What makes this one different from the other four: they are a family tree against an archive's reasoning; this is a *contemporary parish entry against a date this archive has published, and the parish entry is the better-placed of the two.* --- ⭐ 7 October 2026 — ALIVE AND NAMED FIFTY-TWO YEARS BEFORE HER BURIAL. > Gračišće baptisms, 6 February 1752 (DAPA ZM34K-215, M01070145): «… quem ad sacrum tenuère fontem D.nus Gregorius Milotich et D.na Elena Uxor D.ni Josephi Defran[ceschi]* … Gollagoritia»* — godmother to Blasius Ignatius, son of Judge Ignatius Martinich and Lucia. (doc.) This row held her from one line of a death register. She is now a married Domina travelling to another parish to stand for a judge's child. ⭐ And probably again on 8 June 1783 (M01070183): «Joannes Bapta et Helena Defranceschi Gollogoricienses», standing together for Judge Franciscus Martinich's son. *If that is her, the companion is her son* — Joannes Baptista, «son of the late Josephus», d. 1813 aged 60. ⚠ The entry gives only the two names and the epithet; the identification is an inference and is not treated as proved. The whole sweep is here. --- ⭐ 9 October 2026 — a second, independent entry, and it backs the REGISTER against this row. > 26. · Antonio Crusilla — 1721 · Anna Ved.ª q. Gioanni Selesio — 1732 · Suppano Antonio Zabran — 1766 · *Signora Ellena Ved.ª q. Gius.ᵉ Defranceschi, d'anni 84* — *1804* (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069215: the Gologorica obit calendar, under 26 August.) *Same day, same year, same age, same widowhood* as the burial entry already on this row — from a different book, in Italian, and it adds the style «Signora» beside the register's «D.na». ⚠ So the tension on this row hardens. Two independent books now say 84 in August 1804 — birth about 1720, death 1804 — against this row's 1725–1809. *Nothing on the tree side has been produced to defend 1725 or 1809.* ⚠⚠ AND THERE IS A ROW-LEVEL PROBLEM THIS ARCHIVE HAD NOT NOTICED. A separate roster row, `ellena-defranceschi-1720`, carries exactly 1720–1804 and has no note at all — *so the documented death has been written onto the row whose dates disagree with it, while the row whose dates match it sits empty.* Not merged and not moved — identity is by record and a moved id is a dead URL — but flagged on both. ⭐ And she gains a probable daughter. Margarita, who died at house 36 on 22 April 1783 — [the calendar says the 20th — is «figlia q. Sig.ʳ Giuseppe* Defranceschi»](/person/margarita-defranceschi-1747/); this woman is* «vedova q. Gius.ᵉ* Defranceschi»* at the same house. inf, on the husband's name and the house. --- *✔ 10 October — her motherhood of Margaretta moves from inf* to doc.** > «Margaretta … filia Josephi et HELLENÆ jugalium de Franceschi» — 22 April 1783 (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01068991, «Liber Mortuorum II», 22 April 1783.)* This archive proposed yesterday, as inf, that the Margarita who died in 1783 was her daughter — on the husband's forename and the house. *The register names them both in one line.* ⚠ It does not resolve the open question of which of this archive's two rows is the real woman. --- ⭐ 10 October, later — she is named as his wife in 1769, thirty-five years before her burial. > 16 March 1769 · «Catharina filia legitima Stanislai et Dominicæ jugalium* Crismanich … patrini fuerunt *Dominus Josephus Defranceschi, et HELENA UXOR EJUSDEM.» (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01068925, «Liber Baptizatorum II» 1764–1788 — a book this archive had never opened.) This archive had her joined to Josephus only by her own burial as his widow in 1804 and their daughter's death entry of 1783. *Here they stand together at a font in March 1769.* ⚠ An age of 84 in 1804 puts her birth about 1720, so she is forty-nine here — consistent, and it does not resolve which of this archive's two rows is the real woman. *⭐ 11 October 2026 — alive and styled «Domina», May 1784.* > 21 Maij 1784 · «patrini fuere* Vitus Sherbaz et *Domina HELLENA DEFRANCESCHI* ex hac Parochia»* (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01068943, «Liber Baptizatorum II».) Twenty years before the death entry that disagrees with this row at both ends. *⚠⚠ And «UXOR», not «vidua», on 4 October 1787.* > «Patrini fuerunt* viduus Antonius Bovis ex Petina, et *HELLENA UXOR Josephi de Franceschi* ex hac Parochia»* (M01068946) **This scribe uses «viduus»* in the same clause where he means it**, and the 1804 death register enters her as* «vidua q.* Josephi». ⚠ Her husband was therefore alive in October 1787* — which cannot be reconciled with the obit calendar's «q. Sig.ʳ Giuseppe» of April 1783. *Nothing on this row is changed. It is on the worklist.* ✔✔ RESOLVED THE SAME DAY — she was his wife, not his widow, because he was alive. > 36 · «Die* 30… anno quo supra [1787] · Obijt *Josephus de Franceschj, MERCATOR, ætatis suæ annorum 64» (M01068984) *He died seven weeks after she stood at that font.* The «uxor» was exact, and the contradiction was never hers — it was the obit calendar's.
Benedetto Franceschi	1726	—	Croazia, Austria	No place	Household	record
Antonio Defranceschi	—	1727	Rijeka	Not placed	Parish burial	record
Matto De Franceschi	—	1728	Rovinj	Not placed	Parish burial	record
Domenico Gasparo De Franceschi	1731	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Record index	record
Giacomo De Franceschi	1731	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Record index	record
Mattia Defranceschi	1731	1797	Gologorica, Istra	Carnia	Family tree	tree
Maria Defranceschi	1733	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Record index	record
Catharina Defranceschi	1734	1819	Bakar · Rijeka	Not placed	Parish burial	record tree
Catharinam Sablich (Defranceschi)wife of a third cousin five times removed	1734	1819	Bakar	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Jacobus Antonius Defranceschi	1734	—	Strigno, Trento	Trentino	Family tree	record tree
Maria Elisabet Defranceschi	1734	—	Strigno, Trento	Trentino	Family tree	record tree
Pietro De Franceschi	1734	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Household	record
Bata De Franceschi	1735	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Household	record
Gio / Giovanni Battista Defranceschi	1736	1810	Illegio, Tolmezzo	Other	Family tree	record tree
Piero Anto De Franceschi	1736	—	Rovinj	Not placed	Record index	record
Piero Anto Defranceschi	1736	—	Rovinj · Pula	S. Istria	Family tree	record tree
Andrea Defranceschi	1737	—	Pula	S. Istria	Family tree	record tree
Cattarina Defranceschi	—	1740	Gologorica, Istra	Carnia	Family tree	tree
Antonius Defranceschithird cousin five times removed	1742	1802	Gologorica, Istra	Carnia	Read off the register · 6 October 2026 — he had two years and no document. Now he has a register entry, to the day. Gologorica deaths, image M01069238, page 21, under the year 1802: «Idem · 29.* · 17 7mbris · Antonius De=franceschi ex Loco · ann[orum] 60. · Hectica». House 29, dead 17 September 1802, aged sixty, of consumption.* (doc.) ⚠ The 1742 is still the tree's year. Sixty years in September 1802 implies about 1742 and the tree says 1742 — but an implied year is not a declared one, so the birth stays as it was and only the death is now documented. ⭐ And the book's index gives him a son. Image M01069301 heads a block «Defranceschi Leonardus N.º 10» with one name under it: «Antonius Leonardi pater · 21» — *Antonius, Leonardo's father.* ⚠ Not to be confused with Antonio q. Leonardo, who married at Svetvinčenat in 1785 — that man is Leonardo's son. The two descriptions are mirror images and the men are a generation apart. Nothing yet joins them. See the line page. --- ⭐ 9 October 2026 — twenty years earlier than his death entry, and the first time he is seen alive. > 9 November 1782, Gologorica marriages: «...per Parochum Franceschi in facie Ecclesiæ, coram testibus nimirum Antonio Defranceschi, et Dominico Bachialab ex Novaco, et Margare[t]ha de Franceschi* ex hac Parochia»* (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069002, the marriage register opened this week.) *Everything this row held came from his burial.* He is forty here, standing for a neighbour's son. ⚠ The identification is inf: the entry gives «ex hac Parochia» and no age or house, and he is the only Antonius of the name this archive places at Gologorica in that decade. ⚠ And the bride of that marriage is a warning. «Mariana filia Leonardi DEPRATO, annorum 22» — **a Leonardus of the other «De—»* family, raising children here in the 1760s**, while the index gives this man a son Leonardus and a branch is called* «detti Leonardi». The surname warning now reaches the forenames. --- ⭐⭐ 9 October, later — a THIRD book, and it gives him a father the register did not. > 17. · Mattio Benula N.º 45 — 1786 · *Antonio Defranceschi, N.º 29, q. Leonardo, d'anni 60* — *1802* (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069216: the Gologorica obit calendar, under 17 September.) *Same day, same year, same age, same house 29* as the burial entry on this row — so this entry is a control, and it passes. Which is what licenses the calendar's uncheckable readings elsewhere on this page. ⭐ AND IT ADDS «q. LEONARDO» — *son of the late Leonardo, which the Latin burial entry does not say.* ⚠ That sits awkwardly with what this row already says, and both are left standing. This row reads the death book's index — «Defranceschi Leonardus* N.º 10 … Antonius Leonardi pater»* — as making him *Leonardo's father. The calendar makes him* *Leonardo's son. They need not conflict.* A man born about 1742 can be the son of one Leonardo and the father of another — and this archive holds a Leonardus Defranceschi born 1766, which is exactly a son for him. Grandfather, father, grandson, with the names alternating, is the commonest shape there is in this village. ⚠ But it is a reading, not a record, and no descent is attached on the strength of it.* ⚠ And it touches the 1774 marriage. That groom is «q.ᵐ Leonardi filius» too. *So the archive now has two men described as sons of a late Leonardo, which is a reason to be slower about the 1774 identification rather than faster.* ⭐ 11 October 2026 — two dated appearances IN LIFE. This row had only a death. > 14 Januarij 1780 · «patrini fuerunt* *Antonius Defranceschi* ex hac Parochia, et Anna uxor Gregorij Babich»* > 27 Maij 1780 · «patrini fuerunt* *Antonius Defranceschi, et Catharina uxor Matthæi Crosgnich, uterque ex hac Parochia» (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01068939, «Liber Baptizatorum II».) *He was thirty-seven or thereabouts and standing at fonts in his own parish.* ⚠ No parentage, house or trade is attached in either entry, and none is inferred.	tree
Francescha Defranceschi	1742	1755	Rijeka	Not placed	Parish burial	record
Mattio Defranceschi	—	1742	Rijeka	Not placed	Parish burial	record
Nicolo Defranceschi	—	1742	Rijeka	Not placed	Parish burial	record
Antonius Defranceschi	1745	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Margarita Defranceschi	1747	1783	Gologorica, Istra	Carnia	Read off the register · ⭐ Her row was a name, two years and nothing else. She now has one document, and it is from the last full year of her life. > 9 November 1782, Gologorica marriages: «...coram testibus nimirum Antonio Defranceschi, et Dominico Bachialab ex Novaco, et Margare[t]ha de Franceschi* *ex hac Parochia» (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069002, the Gologorica marriage register, opened this week.) *She is standing as a named witness at a neighbour's wedding in her own parish, and she is dead within five months.* ⚠ This sentence first said «thirty-five», then «fourteen months»; both were arithmetic off a bare tree year, and [the register has since given her an age of 22. ⚠ This sentence first said «fourteen months», which was arithmetic off a bare tree year; her actual date was found hours later and is below.* ⚠ This is the whole of her, and the rest of this row is not evidence. The 1747 and the 1783 came off a family tree and no register in this archive has confirmed either. The entry gives her no age, no house and no father, so it cannot confirm them and does not. ⚠ The identification is inf — she is the only Margarita of the name this archive places at Gologorica in that decade, and the entry says only «ex hac Parochia». ⚠ Nor is it established whether she was born a Defranceschi or married one; the register writes her «de Franceschi» and stops. ⚠ Women witness routinely in this register — the 1774 entries name two among the testes — so nothing is read into her standing there except that she was there. What would settle her: the Gologorica death register for 1783. The book covering 1646–1806 is M01069199–M01069223 on the reel the family holds, and it has never been read. --- # ⭐⭐⭐ THE SAME DAY — HER DEATH, HER FATHER AND HER HOUSE > 20. · Lorenzo Cirich — 1701 · Mattio Muca Possin — 1705 · *Margarita figlia q. Sig.ʳ Giuseppe Defranceschi, N.º 36* — *1783* (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069209: the Gologorica obit calendar, under 20 April.) She died on 22 April 1783 — ⚠ the calendar, copied in 1800, says the 20th; the contemporary register says the 22nd. This row's 1783 came off a family tree; *it now has a day, from a register index.* her father · «q. Sig.ʳ Giuseppe Defranceschi» — the late Signor Giuseppe, already dead in April 1783. inf: the archive holds a Josephus Defranceschi who died in 1782, styled «Dominus», which fits the «Sig.ʳ» and the «q.» her house · N.º 36 — the house of Joannes Baptista and Catharina, and of Sancta, the spinster of fifty-eight who died there in 1792 ⭐ and she is «figlia» · *so she was BORN a Defranceschi.* This row raised that as an open question this afternoon — «nor is it established whether she was born a Defranceschi or married one» — and the register has answered it. ⚠ AND IT CORRECTS THIS ROW'S OWN ARITHMETIC. Above, this row said she stood witness on 9 November 1782 and was «dead within fourteen months». *That was computed from a bare tree year with no month in it.* It was five months and eleven days. Published on the corrections page, because a sentence written in the morning and disproved in the afternoon by this archive's own reading is exactly the kind that otherwise stands. ⚠ Still no age on her, so the tree's 1747 is untouched and unconfirmed; the entry gives a father, a house and a day and nothing more. ⭐ And later the same day, a probable mother. A «Signora Ellena, vedova q. Gius.ᵉ Defranceschi, d'anni 84» died at house 36 on 26 August 1804. **Margarita is «figlia q. Sig.ʳ Giuseppe Defranceschi»* at the same house.* inf** — on the husband's forename and the door, and nothing else; the entries never name each other. --- # ⭐⭐⭐ 10 October — THE CONTEMPORARY REGISTER, and it corrects this row twice over > «Die 22. Aprilis anno 1783. *Margaretta Ancilla annorum 22, mensium 9, filia Josephi et Hellenæ jugalium de Franceschi, provisa Sacramentis omnibus in sua infirmitate a me Parocho; obdormivit in Domino, cujus corpus die* 25 ejusdem mensis sepultum est *in Arca Parentuum* per R.ᵐᵘˢ *Archipresbiterum et Parochum CHERBUNÆ D.ⁿᵘˢ Joanes Gràch.» (doc — DAPA* ZM34K-214, M01068991, «Liber Mortuorum II», 22 April 1783.)* died · 22 April 1783 — *not the 20th; the obit calendar, copied in 1800, is two days out* buried · 25 April, *in Arca Parentuum* — in her parents' tomb, inside the church age · *22 years, 9 months* → born about July 1760. ⚠ *The tree's 1747 is thirteen years out* mother · «filia Josephi et Hellenæ* jugalium de Franceschi»* — **Hellena is now doc, not inf* buried by · Joannes Grach, Archpriest and Parish Priest of KRBUNE ⭐⭐ The man who buried her is the archpriest who married Theresia at Gologorica in 1774 and stood godfather at a Gologorica font in 1785. Three appearances in eleven years, all at Gologorica, all for this family.** A neighbouring parish's archpriest does not cross four kilometres three times by accident. ⚠ «Ancilla» is recorded as the register writes it and not interpreted. The word means a maidservant, which sits oddly on a daughter of a «Dominus»; it is capitalised like a name. This archive does not know which it is* and has not let either reading into the row.* ⚠ And the register does not call her father dead. «filia Josephi* et Hellenæ jugalium», no «quondam»* — where the 1800 calendar writes «figlia q. Sig.ʳ Giuseppe» and the tree killed him in 1782. ✔✔ RESOLVED 11 Oct 2026 — the register buries him at the end of 1787 and the register was right. ✔ And her house is 36, from a cancelled duplicate of her entry in the men's sequence — agreeing with the 1800 calendar and with where her mother died in 1804. Three sources, one door.* --- ⭐ 11 October 2026 — alive at a font, a year and three weeks before she dies. > 30 Martij 1782, Sabbato Sancto · «Patrini fuerunt* *Joannes Baptista filius Josephi de Franceschi* et *Margarita ejusdem filia, ambo ex hac Parochia» (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01068941, «Liber Baptizatorum II», in the hand of Joannes Mathias Franceschi, Canonicus et Parochus.) This row had her death — 22 April 1783, «figlia q. Sig.ʳ Giuseppe Defranceschi, N.º 36» — and nothing from her life. *Here she is standing beside her brother, and the entry names their father, which the obit calendar's* «q.» could only do for a dead man. ⚠⚠ And the attribution of her father is under more strain. A «Dominus Josephus Defranceschi» stands as godfather on 16 December 1783 (M01068943) — *eight months after this row's death entry calls her father* «q. Sig.ʳ Giuseppe Defranceschi». The archive also holds a Guiseppe of 1723–1787 who was alive then and would fit the godfather. ⚠ *Nothing is changed.* The objection was already on the record; this is one more fact pressing on it. Told here. *✔✔ AND THE «jugalium»* FLAG IS DISCHARGED — the register was right and the calendar was wrong.** This row has carried, since 10 October, a flag that the contemporary entry writes «filia Josephi et Hellenæ jugalium» with no «quondam», against the 1800 calendar's «figlia q. Sig.ʳ Giuseppe». > 36 · «Die* 30… anno quo supra [1787] · Obijt *Josephus de Franceschj, MERCATOR, ætatis suæ annorum 64» (M01068984) *Her father outlived her by four and a half years.* The calendar is wrong twice about this woman — two days on her date and a «q.» on her father — and it is a copy made about 1800.	tree
Giuseppe Defranceschi	1748	1778	Rijeka	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Giovanni Defranceschi	1750	1829	Gologorica → Gračišće	Carnia	Direct line
Mathęius De Franceschi	1750	1819	Vižinada	Not placed	Parish burial	record
Maria Defranceschi	1751	1817	Rijeka	Not placed	Parish burial	record tree
Bortolo Defranceschi	—	1752	Gologorica, Istra	Carnia	Family tree	tree
Joannes Baptista Defranceschi	1752	1813	Gologorica · Gologorica, Pazin, Istria	Carnia	Read off the register · Head of house 17 and of the titled branch — dead at sixty of consumption, a widower. > «Admodum R.dus D.nus Martinus Sestan, PAROCHUS NOVACENSIS, de licentia mea parochi presentis · [domus] 17 · Die 23. Januarii 1813 · *D.nus JOANNES BAPTA DEFRANCESCHI, VIDUUS, defuncti Josephi filius* · annorum 60 · Phthisis» (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069248, page 39 of the Gologorica death register.) *This archive held him as born about October 1752, died 23 January 1813, with the note «Dominus»* and nothing else. The register agrees with the date to the day** — verification, not discovery — and adds the rest: a widower, son of the late Josephus, at house 17, of phthisis, aged sixty. And he was buried by the parish priest of Novaki, «de licentia mea parochi presentis» — by licence of Gologorica's own. Novaki is where Clotilda Ortis came from two generations later; the parishes of this corner lent each other priests constantly. ⚠ Not to be confused with «Josephus DE-PRATO», a student of twenty-five who died three rows below him in March 1813 and whose surname, broken across a line, reads as a Defranceschi at page scale. He is not one. --- ⭐⭐⭐ 9 October 2026 — HIS MARRIAGE, and he went to the Kvarner for it. > «Die 10 9bris pro domo D. Sebastiani Sablich, Nuptiis in facie Ecclesiæ contractis inter *D.ⁿᵘᵐ Joannem Bap.[tistam] [De]franceschi ex GOLLOGORIZZA* et *D. Catharinam Sablich, tradidit D. Parochus Buccarensis* Jacobus Polian, præsentibus Senatore D. Josepho Walis et D. Josepho Smich» (doc — FamilySearch, «Croatia, Delnice Deanery Catholic Church Books, 1571–1926»: *Bakar, Religious Marriage Registers 1739–1808, film 005494714, item 1, image 172 of 226, page 161. Index* `1:1:6Z2F-LSSQ`; image `3:1:3QSQ-G99X-RX3F`.)* He is thirty-one, styled «Dominus», and the Bakar scribe writes his village into the entry: «ex Gollogorizza». The Gologorica register has no Defranceschi marriage in those years — he married in the bride's parish, a hundred and thirty kilometres away and under a different crown. ⚠ Twenty-one years later he is buried a widower, by the parish priest of Novaki, of consumption, at sixty. Between the two entries this archive holds three of his household's burials in six years and a wife dead at twenty-six. *The marriage is the beginning of that sequence and it had never been found.* ⚠ The entry gives him no patronymic, so it does not independently confirm the «defuncti Josephi filius»* of his death record; the identification rests on the place, the date, the wife and the style.* (doc for the entry; inf that he is this man.) --- ⭐⭐ 10 October — he is called his father's son in 1772, forty-one years before his burial says it. > 20 February 1772 · «[Mat]hia filia legitima jugalium Leonardi et Catharinæ Deprato[—] baptizata est a me Marco Bancich Parocho hujus Loci; patrini fuerunt *D.ⁿᵘˢ JOANNES BAPTISTA DEFRANCESCHI FILIUS D.ⁿⁱ JOSEPHI, et ROSALIA FILIA EJUSDEM D.ⁿⁱ JOSEPHI.» (doc — DAPA* ZM34K-214, M01068930, «Liber Baptizatorum II», 20 February 1772. The ink is faint; the entry was magnified before transcription.) *This row's whole claim to a father is the 1813 death entry —* «D.ⁿᵘˢ JOANNES BAPTA DEFRANCESCHI, VIDUUS, defuncti Josephi filius». Here he is, aged twenty, standing godfather and described the same way while his father was alive. ⭐ And the other godparent is his sister. «Rosalia filia ejusdem D.ⁿⁱ Josephi» — a row that was a name and a place until today. *Brother and sister standing together at a font in February 1772.* ⚠ And the child they stood for is NOT one of ours. At page scale the parents read «Leonardi et Catharinæ Defranceschi»; at magnification the surname is «Deprato[—]». The standing Gologorica warning, and this archive walked into it again and was caught by the same rule that catches it every time. --- ✔ 11 October — named his father's son a THIRD time, and distinguished from his namesake in the same sentence. > 3 October 1786 · «Patrini fuerunt* *Joannes Bapta Defranceschi MARITUS THERESIÆ, et Cattarina nata JABLICH uxor Joannis Baptistæ FILIJ JOSEPHI Defranceschi, ambo ex hac Parochia.» (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01068950, «Liber Baptizatorum II».)* 1772 · «Joannes Baptista Defranceschi filius D.ⁿⁱ Josephi» 1786 · «uxor Joannis Baptistæ filij Josephi* Defranceschi»* 1813 · «VIDUUS, defuncti Josephi filius» *And in the 1786 entry the parish priest separates the two men of this name himself* — the other is «maritus Theresiæ», the weaver's son of house 45. The archive has been doing by inference what the scribe did by habit. ⭐ 11 October 2026 — and the sonship is now written four times, the earliest in 1769. > 18 Decembris 1769 · «patrini fuerunt* *D.ⁿᵘˢ Joannes Baptista FILIUS D.ⁿⁱ JOSEPHI Defranceschi, et Helena uxor ejusdem D.ⁿⁱ Josephi, hujates» (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01068926, «Liber Baptizatorum II».) Written out in 1769, 1772, 1786 and in his own death entry of 1813. ⚠ He would be seventeen here, on this row's own arithmetic. Young for a godfather, not impossible, and *nothing is adjusted on the strength of it* — the sonship is doc three further times. Twelve weeks earlier the same priest entered the other man of the name as «filius Leonardi» on the same page. *This one carries «D.ⁿᵘˢ»; that one does not.* ✔ A fifth: 19 September 1770 (M01068927) — «patrini fuerunt* *D.ⁿᵘˢ Joannes Baptista filius D.ⁿⁱ Josephi Defranceschi, et Helena uxor ejusdem Defranceschi». ⚠ Here «ejusdem» is ambiguous and could make Helena his own wife; the December 1769 entry writes «uxor ejusdem D.ⁿⁱ Josephi» in full and settles it.
Antonio De Franceschi	1753	1753	Rijeka	Not placed	Parish burial	record
Gian / Giovanni / Ivan Battista Defranceschithird cousin five times removed	1753	1813	Gologorica, Istra	Carnia	Family tree	tree
Bortolo De Franceschi	1756	1812	Šterna	Not placed	Parish burial · One man, two events, and the father's name proves it. `1:1:X9DP-3DVT` is his burial in 1812, aged 56, son of Gio Battista. `1:1:X9DP-9QSQ` is his marriage in 1777 to Zanetta Granisi daughter of Nazario, son of Gio Batta De Franceschi. Same father, and a man who marries at about twenty-one is fifty-six in 1812. Read on FamilySearch, 27 September 2026.	record
Cattarina Defranceschi	1756	1792	Gologorica, Istra	Carnia	Family tree	tree
Aloysia Defranceschi	1757	1757	Rijeka	Not placed	Parish burial	record
Maria Defranceschi	1757	1757	Rijeka	Not placed	Parish burial	record
Pietro Antonio de Franceschi	1757	1803	Omiš	Venice	Omiš chart · Serdar i posjednik; wife Katarina Dorić
Sebastianus Antonius Defranceschi	1758	—	Fiera di Primiero, Trento	Trentino	Family tree	record tree
Vitorio Defranceschi	1758	1812	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Parish burial · Buried at Svetvinčenat on 8 November 1812, aged fifty-four, which puts his birth about 1758. The burial index records his kin as Antonio — and the parish marriage register, on 4 February 1773, has a witness entered as «Victorio de Franceschi filio Antonij». This archive treats the two as the same man, on three counts: same parish, same forename, same father's name, and his own son of 1811 is called Antonio. (doc for both records; the joining is inf, and it is the firmest inference on this page.) Four of his children are in the burial file — Antonia (1804–1808), Giovanni Pietro (1809), Antonio (1811) and Gioanni Maria (d. 1813). No baptism of his own has been found; see Vittorio de Franceschi, son of Antonio for how far the register has been read.	record tree
Jacobus de Franceschi	1762	1850	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · The tree and this archive disagree about the birth year by 1 year, and the death year agrees. Tree 1762, here 1761. That is what an age produces. A record giving «aged N» rather than a date yields a birth year that depends on whether the birthday had passed, so the two are one year of arithmetic apart, not one of evidence. This archive keeps its own figure, which came off the register; the tree's is recorded so the difference is visible rather than silently resolved. (20 Sept 2026.) --- ⭐ 6 October 2026 — his death entry, read: and it disagrees with this archive twice. > Gologorica deaths, image M01069273, page 88: «Decembris 8°* · 7 · Jacobus Defranceschi, CIVIS, munitus ss. moribundorum et sepultus die 10 hujus · 88 · febris et senectus»* *House 7 — the house the 1826 census gives him — «civis»* where the other men on the page are «agla», last rites received, buried two days later.** (doc.) ⚠ TWO TENSIONS, both recorded rather than resolved. 1. The day. This archive carries 3 December 1850; the register says 8 December, and has him buried on the 10th, which fits an 8 December death better than a 3 December one. *The 3 December is not sourced anywhere in this archive's own line data.* 2. The age. Eighty-eight on 8 December 1850 puts his birth between December 1761 and December 1762. This archive carries a precise 21 July 1761, which would have made him eighty-nine. The row already noted that 1761 against the tree's 1762 is «one year of arithmetic, not one of evidence»* — *and the register's own age falls on the tree's side. ⚠ Neither year is changed here.* A precise birth date beats an age at death if it came off a baptism — and nobody has yet written down where the 21 July 1761 came from. That is the next thing to find. --- ⭐ 6 October 2026 — SETTLED, and this archive was the one that was wrong. > Gologorica Status Animarum 1826, M01069323: «Jacobus Defranceschi* · civilitas · 21 \| Julii \| 1762»* A date, not an age — so the arithmetic this row rightly identified was this archive's own. The figure is moved from 1761 to 1762; the tree agrees; the «88» on his death entry of 8 December 1850 agrees. *The person id stays frozen at `jacobus-de-franceschi-1761`* because a moved id is a dead URL. Published on /corrections/. --- ⭐ 9 October 2026 — an earlier appearance by forty-two years, if it is him. > 9 February 1784, Gologorica marriages: «...in Ecclesia Sanctæ Anastasiæ* coram testibus Supano Martino Zabran, et *Domino Jacobo de Franceschi, ambo ex hac Parochia» (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069003, the marriage register opened for the first time today.) *Everything this row held of him began in 1826* — the census that gave him his birth date, and the death entry of 1850. A witnessing in 1784 is forty-two years earlier than anything else here. ⚠ *The identification is inf, and the thing that strains it is the title.* Born 21 July 1762, he would be twenty-one that February, and the entry styles him «Domino». The civilitas branch does carry the style — his own death entry enters him «CIVIS» where the men around him are «agla» — but *an older Jacobus, otherwise unrecorded, would wear it more comfortably, and this archive holds only the one.* No date is moved and no row is merged.
Michiel De Franceschi	1761	1821	Pula	S. Istria	Parish burial	record
Jacobus Defranceschi	1762	1850	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Josephus Defranceschi	1765	1838	Gologorica, Pazin, Istria	Carnia	Read off the register · ⚠ 6 October 2026 — this row was stale, and it is the SECOND one found the same way in one afternoon. It carried *«born 1763»* and an empty note, while the line data had held *«born 4 March 1765»* — documented, and explicitly recorded there as a correction of «about 1763». A finding in one file and not the other. Caught by walking page 75 of the death register and testing the roster against it. The death entry. Gologorica deaths, image M01069266, page 75, in the compressed one-line format Petrus Milcetich adopted: > «Xbris 12°* · Josephus Defranceschi · 74 · 9 · 7 · febris nervosa»* — 12 December 1838, aged 74 years 9 months 7 days, of nervous fever. ⚠ AND THE REGISTER'S OWN ARITHMETIC STILL DOES NOT CLOSE — which the archive had already noticed and this walk confirms independently. Seventy-four years nine months and seven days before 12 December 1838 lands on 5 March 1764, a year before the written birth of 4 March 1765. *The written birth is kept as the better figure and the tension is left standing rather than smoothed.* He was head of house 7 in the 1826 census, and the death book's own index calls him «Josephus junior» — father of the elder Maximilianus who died at four in 1817.
Giuseppe / Josephus "Joseph" Defranceschigreat-grandfather's great-	1765	1838	—	No place	Family tree	record tree
Petrus Defranceschi	1765	1829	Rovinj	Not placed	Parish burial · Flagged 16 September 2026, and deliberately not merged. The reconciliation returned this row and the other Petrus Defranceschi mirrored — our 1765 against the tree's 1768 and our 1768 against the tree's 1765 — which usually means one man entered twice. Here it may not. The two rows disagree on the parish: this archive has a Petrus of Rovinj resting on a burial register with an ark against its name, and a Petrus of Gologorica resting on the 2018 family file. Three years and a hundred kilometres apart is two men or one badly recorded; a burial entry outranks a tree entry, and until the Gologorica register is read the two stand separately with this note on each. This man is on the roster twice, from two sources, with the birth years swapped. One row carries 1768 and the other 1765; the tree mirrors them the other way round. They are almost certainly one man — the same death year, 1829 — recorded once from a burial and once from the tree, at Gologorica and at Rovinj. The roster is record-level by design, so both rows stand until somebody resolves them; this note is the flag that they need it. (20 Sept 2026.)	record tree
Leonardus Defranceschi	1766	1848	Gologorica, Pazin, Istria	Carnia	Read off the register · His death entry, read at last — and the row had been carrying the two years with nothing behind them. > Gologorica deaths, image M01069271, page 84: «1848 Aprilis 14°* · 5 · Leonardus Defranceschi, CIVIS, refectus SS Sacramentis moribundorum et sepultus die 15° hujus · 82 · febris cum senectute»* House 5. Dead 14 April 1848, aged eighty-two, of fever with old age, buried the next day, having received the last rites. *Eighty-two in April 1848 closes exactly on the birth this archive already held for him — 30 January 1766.* (doc.) *⭐ «CIVIS», where every other adult on the page is «agricola».* A burgher, not a farmer — the status this family carries wherever these registers name it, and the reason its sons turn up as students, painters and army doctors while the village around them farms. ⭐ AND THE CHILD WAS NAMED FOR HIM WHILE HE WAS STILL ALIVE. Leonardus Defranceschi was baptised at house 5 on 22 January 1847 — fifteen months before this Leonardus died in the same house. *The same name, the same door, two lives overlapping by a little over a year.* That child lived to 1917.* ⚠ This row previously had no note at all — the third bare or stale roster row found the same way in one afternoon.	tree
Joannes Baptista Defranceschi	—	1767	Gologorica	Carnia	Gologorica pedigree · the elder
Petrus Defranceschi	1768	1829	Gologorica, Istra	Carnia	Read off the register · Documented 30 September 2026; he had been carried on the family tree alone. The 1826 status animarum of Gologorica enters him as *«Petrus Defranceschi», condition civilitas* — of the civil class, not rusticus — born 17 April 1768, in a household struck through. His death is given as the bare year 1829 with the age 61, and no day or month. The arithmetic holds: he turned 61 in the April of that year. ⚠ This is NOT the Petrus Defranceschi of Rovinj. The roster carries a second man of the name also dying in 1829 — petrus-defranceschi-1765, born 1765, from a Rovinj burial record. The two are kept apart deliberately: different birth years, different parishes, and a shared death year is not evidence of identity. The 1765 reading was mine and was wrong on first sight — at magnification the register says 1768, which is also what the age at death requires. (doc.) Gologorica Status Animarum 1826, DAPA microfilm ZM34K-214, image M01069325. His household, from the page after his own entry (M01069326): he married 21 January 1795, and the book gives his wife as «Anna Mater nata Bembo», born 5 July 1779, with one son, Hermenegildus, born 4 October 1803. A brace in the margin against the wife and son reads *«In partibus Venetias … habitant»* — they live in the Venetian parts, not at Gologorica. --- ⭐⭐⭐ 11 October 2026 — HIS BAPTISM, and the day matches the day. > 17 Aprilis 1768 · «*Archipresbyter et Parochus Cerovglienensis Dominicus Clinzich* baptizavit *PETRUM ANTONIUM* filium legitimum *D.ⁿⁱ Josephi, et Helenæ jugalium DEFRANCESCHI; patrini fuerunt* Josephus Belch, et Matthia uxor Jacobi Rovis q.ᵐ Matthæi, ambo *Pisinenses.» (doc — DAPA* ZM34K-214, M01068923, «Liber Baptizatorum II».) *The 1826 census and the 1768 register are fifty-eight years apart and give the same date.* This row had one sentence of evidence behind it; it now has a baptism written at the time. full name · *Petrus Antonius* — a second forename nothing else on this row records father · D.ⁿᵘˢ Josephus Defranceschi mother · «Helena» sister · Rosalia, who stands with their father in February 1769 officiant · *the archpriest of Cerovlje, not the parish priest* godparents · both of Pazin *⭐ And the 1826 entry's «civilitas»* was already true at the font.** An outside archpriest, two townspeople from the district capital, a father styled «Dominus». That is the same conditio the Gračišće register gives these people — not «rusticus». ✔ And his officiant is confirmed from another parish's book. A loose slip lying inside this same register — a Cerovlje extract certified in 1793 — has «a me* *Archipræsbitero et Parocho Dominico Clinzich» signing at Cerovlje on 5 January 1767, fifteen months before he came to Gologorica for this baptism. *Two documents, two parishes, one man.*	tree
Franca De Franceschi	1769	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Record index · Superseded by the read entry. This row came from the FamilySearch index as a bare name and year. The act itself has now been read: see Franca de Franceschi (b. 1769), baptised 9 December 1769, «figlia di D.no Ant.o De Franceschi e Donna Mattia». The two are the same child and are not merged only because this archive does not silently merge index rows into read ones.	record
Valentinus / Valentin Defranceschi	1770	—	Rijeka	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Anna Prencis (Defranceschi)wife of a third cousin five times removed	1771	1815	Mione, Ovaro	Carnia	Family tree	record tree
Matthea Defranceschi	1772	1858	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · Her first document, found 5 October 2026 — and she is sixty-nine in it. The Gologorica baptism register, 30 October 1841, house 2 (folio 103, M01069116): at the baptism of Fortunatus Sestan — son of Joannes Sestan and Sancta Alexandra nata Defranceschi — the godparents are «Franciscus Defranceschi ac Matthea Defranceschi», and the Conditio cell enters the pair *«cives». (doc — DAPA* ZM34K-214.)* Until today this archive carried her as a name off the family tree with an empty note. It now has her alive, at Gologorica, chosen as a godmother at sixty-nine, and entered among the citizens of the village rather than its rustici. ⚠ Whose daughter or whose wife she was is still not established here, and the register does not say. The house-2 section puts her beside the other Defranceschi women of these pages. --- ⭐ 6 October 2026 — her second document, and this one is her own. > Gologorica deaths, image M01069278, page 98: «1858 Septbris 8°* · 6 · Mathaea Defranceschi, agla, munita s. sacramentis moribundorum, sepulta vero 9° hujus · 86 · hydropisis»* Dead 8 September 1858, aged eighty-six, of dropsy, buried next day. Eighty-six lands on 1772, which is the birth this archive holds — 20 February 1772 — and the death, previously carried as «about 1858», is now exact. (doc.) ⚠ The surname was not taken on trust. Four months earlier on the same page, in the same hand, stands «Ane Maria DEPRATO, agla, 66, febris». Set side by side the two words are plainly different lengths and shapes — which is the only way this archive reads a «De—»* surname here.* ⭐ AND SHE DIES IN THE DEPRATO HOUSE. House 6 is named for that family by the death book's own index — «Deprato Leonardus N.º 6» — and by three Deprato deaths in it: the retired priest Joseph (1801), Joannes Baptista (1809) and Catharina, widow of the late Leonardus Deprato (1817). ⚠⚠ WITHDRAWN, 6 October 2026 — the inference below was built on a premise that is backwards. See corrections. The register names a married woman by her HUSBAND's surname, not her maiden one — proved by «Lambertina Defranceschi» (born Peschle) on page 104. So Mathaea was the wife of a Defranceschi, her birth surname unknown, and nothing here joins the two families. The struck reasoning is kept below so the error is visible: ~~THE READING THIS SUGGESTS — and it is an inference, flagged as one. This archive already holds her as «wife of Leonardus, house 6, maiden surname not captured». These registers routinely enter married women under their birth surname — «Catharina Deprato nata Rovisi», «Maria … nata Rabar». *So the economical reading is that she was born a Defranceschi and married a Leonardus DEPRATO of house 6* — which would make her the join between the two «De—»* families this archive has spent weeks telling apart.* ⚠ Nothing names her husband's surname yet. The marriage is the next thing to find. ~~ ✔ What stands: her death is exact — 8 September 1858, aged 86, hydropisis, house 6, buried the 9th — and the line record's «Wife of Leonardus (house 6)» now reads straightforwardly: she was married to a Leonardus Defranceschi. ⚠ The open question is why a Defranceschi wife dies in a house that was Deprato in 1801, 1809 and 1817.
Petrus Defranceschi	1772	1818	Bakar · Bakar, Modrus-Fiume	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Valentino Defranceschi	1772	1775	Rijeka	Not placed	Parish burial	record tree
Valentinus Franciscus Xaverius Defranceschi	1772	—	Rijeka · Vitipolis, Modrus-Fiume, Magyarország	Not placed	Household	record
Pasqua Vitoria De Franceschi	1773	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Record index	record
Hellena Margaritha Maria Defranceschi	1774	—	Rijeka · Vitipolis, Modrus-Fiume, Magyarország	Not placed	Household	record
Anna Margherita Elisabeth Defranceschi	1775	—	Fiera di Primiero, Trento	Trentino	Family tree	record tree
Antonia Defranceschifourth cousin four times removed	—	1775	Rijeka	Not placed	Parish burial	record tree
Ellena Defranceschi	1775	1776	Rijeka	Not placed	Parish burial	record tree
Francesco De Franceschi	1775	1827	Pula	S. Istria	Parish burial	record
Ivana Defranceschi	1775	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Valentinum Defranceschi	1775	1839	Rijeka	Not placed	Parish burial	record
Valentinus Defranceschi	1775	1839	Rijeka	Not placed	Parish burial · The tree and this archive disagree about the birth year by 1 year, and the death year agrees. Tree 1776, here 1775. That is what an age produces. A record giving «aged N» rather than a date yields a birth year that depends on whether the birthday had passed, so the two are one year of arithmetic apart, not one of evidence. This archive keeps its own figure, which came off the register; the tree's is recorded so the difference is visible rather than silently resolved. (20 Sept 2026.)	record
Francesco De Franceschi	1776	—	Pula	S. Istria	Record index	record
Valentinum Josephum Gregorium Defranceschi	1776	—	Rijeka · Vitipolis, Modrus-Fiume, Magyarország	Not placed	Record index	record
Valentinus Defranceschi	1776	1839	Rijeka · Fiume, Rijeka	Not placed	Family tree · Married Ursula de Berzoni at Fiume on 6 October 1793. The act names the couple together, which is what this archive requires before a spouse is written down. Two of their children are now identified: Anna Maria, baptised 4 March 1801, and Pietro, baptised 10 April 1803 — whose act names his mother Ursula, which is what tied the household together. Both had been carrying dates copied from other people's burials and were corrected on 28 September. Read on FamilySearch, 28 September 2026.	record tree
Felice Anto De Franceschi	1778	—	Šterna	Not placed	Record index · This household is at Šterna, not Svetvinčenat. The FamilySearch index entry for Felice Anto (22 September 1778) carries the image ark 3:1:3QS7-899X-KXF4, which resolves to film 005497887, frame 627 — a different film from Svetvinčenat's 005497885. The act was read there on 21 September 2026: > «Adì 27 9bre 1778. Copich.* Felice Ant.o figlio legitimo e naturale di M.ro Bortolo De Franceschi…»* That register is a different animal from Svetvinčenat's. It is kept in Italian, not Latin, and every entry carries a village name in its date heading — Sterna, Cabotori, Copich — because the parish serves a scatter of hamlets. Bortolo's children were baptised at Copich. The sister record confirms it: Mariana De Franceschi, February 1786, same father Bortolo, is indexed with the event place *«Sterna, Litorale Austriaco»* in as many words. (doc.) Šterna is in north-western Istria, near Buje — some seventy kilometres from Svetvinčenat. These are not the castle-town family and must not be read as them.	record
Felice Antonio Defranceschi	1778	—	Svetvinčenat · Šterna	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Giulio Defranceschi	1778	1854	Kaštelir · Pula	S. Istria	Parish burial	record
Hellenam Ludovicam Defranceschi	1778	—	Rijeka · Vitipolis, Modrus-Fiume, Magyarország	Not placed	Record index	record
Anna Bembo (Defranceschi)	1779	—	Gologorica	No place	Read off the register · Documented 30 September 2026; she had been carried on the family tree alone, with an empty note. The 1826 status animarum of Gologorica enters her in house 1 as *«Anna Mater nata Bembo», born 5 July 1779* — which agrees with the year already on the tree* and adds the day and month.* She married Petrus Defranceschi on 21 January 1795; their son Hermenegildus was born 4 October 1803. A brace in the margin against her row and her son's reads *«In partibus Venetias … habitant»* — they live in the Venetian parts. She was a Bembo of Valle (Bale)* on the west coast, and the household was not wholly at Gologorica.* This is the same marriage the archive already knew from the other end. The Valle register, quoted in the «Atti» of the Centro di ricerche storiche di Rovigno, has «il Sig.r Piero De Franceschi da Gollogorizza» marrying «la Sig.ra Anna figlia del N. Sig.r Tommaso Bembo» on 22 January 1795. The home parish now confirms it to within one day — and a one-day gap between a marriage register and a household census copying it out decades later is ordinary. The Valle date stands, being the marriage register itself. (doc.) Gologorica Status Animarum 1826, house 1 — Džavni arhiv u Pazinu microfilm ZM34K-214, image M01069326, read 30 September 2026.	tree
Niccolo Defranceschi	1779	1855	Omiš	Venice	Parish burial	record
Mathias Ivan Defranceschi	1781	1795	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Sebastiano De Franceschi	1783	1783	Sovinjak	Not placed	Parish burial	record
Sebastiano Defranceschi	1783	1783	Sovinjak · Sovignacco	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Catharina Jerbulla (Defranceschi)	1784	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Giuseppe Defranceschi	1784	1819	Draguč	Not placed	Parish burial	record tree
Maria Matthia De Franceschi	1784	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Record index · The act, read off the leaf — not the index of it. Frame 106 of the Svetvinčenat baptism register 1764–1791: > «Anno Dni 1784 Die 4 Septembris. Maria Matthia filia legitima, ac naturalis Victorii, et Euphemiæ jugalium De Franceschi, nata 3 currentis, hodie per me subscriptum baptizata. Patrini fuere Stephanus Dubglich a Dimino, et Dna Antonia Fachinetti.» Born 3 September 1784, baptised 4 September. Daughter of Vittorio de Franceschi, son of Antonio and Euphemia de Franceschi 1783 — and therefore Antonio the bell-ringer's granddaughter, the third generation of the name this archive can follow at the castle. (doc.) Her godfather comes from Dvigrad; her godmother, Dna Antonia Fachinetti, carries the honorific and a name from the parish's gentry. This entry is what turns a marriage from inference into record. Until it was read, «Vittorio × Euphemia» rested on the FamilySearch index of this same act — a transcription of a page nobody here had seen. (doc.)	record
Pietro DeFranceschi	1784	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Franciscus Antonio / Antonius Defranceschigreat-grandfather's great-	1785	1842	Gologorica, Istra	Carnia	Family tree	record tree
Joseph Anton Defranceschifourth cousin four times removed	1785	—	Gologorica, Istra	Carnia	Family tree	tree
Maria Anna Defranceschi	—	1785	Bakar	Not placed	Parish burial	record
Valentino Defranceschi	—	1785	Rijeka	Carnia	Biography · Citizen of Fiume, Landowner
Catharina Defranceschi	1786	1786	Gologorica, Istra	Carnia	Family tree	tree
Maria Defranceschi	1786	1826	Gologorica, Istra	Carnia	Family tree · *Carried on David's MyHeritage tree as «Maria Defranceschi, born 1786, died 1826», with an empty note.* The Gologorica register has exactly one Maria Defranceschi dying in 1826 — on 30 September, aged 37y 2m 10d, which is a birth of 20 July 1789. Same name, same death year, same parish, one candidate. The tree's 1786 is three years out. Held as the same person as Maria Rosalia Defranceschi, b. 20 July 1789 — the register entry that documents her is cited on that row. The pid is kept and not deleted, because a moved id is a dead URL; `sameAs` is how this archive says two rows are one woman without breaking either link.	tree
Mariana De Franceschi	1786	—	Šterna · Sterna, Litorale Austriaco, Austria	Not placed	Record index	record
Catharina Hellena Defranceschi	1787	—	Gologorica, Istra	Carnia	Family tree	tree
Giovanni Battista Defranceschi	1787	1846	Gračišće (Gallignana), house 5	Carnia	Direct line
Maddalena Defranceschi	1788	1849	Ližnjan	S. Istria	Parish burial	record
Elisabetta Dalino Defranceschi	1789	—	Rovinj	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Maria Rosalia Defranceschi	1789	1826	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · Baptised 20 July 1789 at Gologorica, house 36 — and the register names her mother, who is not the woman this archive had given her. > «Maria Rosa=/lia Defrances=/chi ex Loco», house 36, baptised by a.R.D. Antonius Giacich ex abatia; father *«Joh: Baptis[ta]»; mother's surname column* *«Catharina JOBLICH»; godmother* *«Rosalia Baxa uxor Petri, ex Lindar». The child is named Rosalia after her godmother.* (doc.) She is the Maria who dies in the 1826 household census. Page 3 of the status animarum records a Maria Defranceschi, civilitas, died 30 September 1826, aged 37 years 2 months 10 days. That arithmetic lands on 20 July 1789 to the day. So her death is documented too, and she was thirty-seven. ⚠ Her mother is corrected. This archive had her as a daughter of Joannes Baptista and Mariana; the register says Catharina Joblich — the same woman who appears three years earlier as «Cath. ejus uxor nata Jablich ex Buccari», born a Jablich of Bakar. Only this child is reassigned; the other five of casa 36 are not, because no register has been read for them and Joannes Baptista may well have had two wives. Four roster rows had grown around this one woman — see the ones marked `sameAs` against this pid. (doc.) Gologorica baptisms 1784–1880, Džavni arhiv u Pazinu microfilm ZM34K-214, image M01069020, entry of 20 July 1789, house 36; and the status animarum of 1826, image M01069321, for her death. --- ⭐ 6 October 2026 — THE DEATH REGISTER ENTRY ITSELF, and it says where she is buried. Her death was known here from the 1826 household census. Walking the death book produced the entry behind it: > p. 66, image M01069261: «Die 30: 7bris 1826 hora 3tia p.m. · 12 · Maria filia Defti Jo:is B:tæ Defranceschi · 37 · hectica · Adm.dm Rev. D.nus Lorentius Batel, Ca[pell]anus ad S. Petrum in Barbana, ibi sepelivit» Four things the census could not give: the house (12), the cause (hectica — consumption), the hour, and ⭐ the place of burial. *She was buried at BARBAN, some forty kilometres south, by its chaplain — not in her own parish.* ⚠ Why she was at Barban is not known and is not guessed at here. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069261, p. 66.) The book's own index pointed at the page: «Maria filia q. Joan: Bapta — 66».	tree
Stella Defranceschi	1789	1855	Draguč	Not placed	Parish burial	record
Stella Tamburin (Defranceschi)	1789	1855	Draguč · Pula	S. Istria	Family tree	record tree
Aloÿsius Defranceschi	1790	—	Vižinada	Not placed	Record index · On the two-parish reel 005497893 (Vižinada deaths + Vodnjan baptisms); which of the two is not yet resolved	record tree
Aloysius Defranceschi (Labinaz)	1790	—	Vižinada	Not placed	Family tree · On the two-parish reel 005497893 (Vižinada deaths + Vodnjan baptisms); which of the two is not yet resolved	record tree
Catharina Defranceschi	—	1790	Gologorica	Carnia	Gologorica pedigree
Liberatus Maria Francus Xavus Defranceschi	1790	1792	Pazin	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Matthäus Franceschi del Campo	1790	1844	Friedrichstadt, Dresden, Saxony, Germany	Abroad	Headstone · Alter Katholischer Friedhof Dresden
Petrus De Franceschi	1790	1864	Rovinj	Not placed	Parish burial	record
Liberatus Francus Xavus Defranceschi	1791	1792	Pazin	Not placed	Parish burial	record
Mariæ De Franceschi	1791	—	Pula · Promontore, Istra, Croazia	Not placed	Household	record
Maria Antonia Defranceschifourth cousin four times removed	1791	1791	Gologorica · Gologorica, Istra	Carnia	Read off the register · She lived six months. > «Idem · [domus] 36 · 16 Julij* [1791] · *MARIA ANTONIA DEFRANCESCHI* · mens[ium] 6 · Vermes»* (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069233, pages 11–12 of the Gologorica death register.) *Six months old in July 1791, so born about January 1791* — which confirms the birth year this archive carried off the family tree, and gives the death it did not have. Her mother Catharina, born a Jablich of Buccari, died ten months later aged twenty-six; her father Joannes Baptista did not remarry and died a widower in 1813. The sequence.	tree
Giorgio De Franceschi	1792	—	Pula · Promontore, Istra, Croazia	Not placed	Record index	record
Conraddus Vincentius Defranceschi	1793	—	Pazin	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Mattheus Defranceschi	1793	1833	Medulin	S. Istria	Read off the register · ⭐⭐⭐ FOUND IN THE MEDULIN DEATH REGISTER, 12 October 2026 — and he was tree-only until that morning. Medulin «Liber Defunctorum» (HDA inv. br. 158), page 12, year 1833, entry 43: «Mathæus Defranceschi q. Ant. fil. miles», died 19 December 1833, aged 40, of «chronicus morb[us]». Forty in December 1833 gives a birth about 1793, which is the year the family tree already carried. *He is called miles* — a soldier** — which the tree did not know, and he is «q. Ant.», son of a dead Antonio. ⚠ This was a VERIFICATION, not a discovery. This row already carried the ark `3:1:3QS7-L99X-KCP6` — the very frame the entry is on. The lead was in the archive's own roster and nobody had opened it. ⚠⚠ HE IS NOT THE LIŽNJAN MAN, and the two must not be joined. The Ližnjan «deto Marulin» groom of 1815 was still alive to be buried at Ližnjan in 1839, as an agricola. This man was dead by December 1833, and a soldier. Two men called Mattheus, each the son of an Antonio, four kilometres apart, both dying at forty, six years apart. That coincidence is exactly the shape of a false join, and it is refused here.	record tree
Pietro Defranceschi	1793	—	Rovinj · Pomer, Istra	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Matio De Franceschi	1794	—	Ližnjan	S. Istria	Record index	record
Nicoló De Franceschi	1794	—	Pula · Promontore, Istra, Croazia	Not placed	Household	record
Theresiam Mariam Josepham Defranceschi	1794	—	Vitipolis, Modrus-Fiume	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Theresiam Mariam Josepham Nepomucenam Defranceschi	1794	—	Rijeka	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Andreas Defranceschi	1795	—	Ravina/Trentino	Trentino	Family tree	record tree
★Carlo Prospero Defranceschi	1795	1815	Prague · Vienna	Other	Namesake · Opera libretti
Vittorio / Vitorio Defranceschi	1795	—	Draguč	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Giosefa Defranceschi	1796	1797	Rijeka	Not placed	Parish burial	record
Giosefa Joannam Nepomucenam Defranceschi	1796	1797	Rijeka · Fiume, Modrus-Fiume	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Josepha Ludovica Joanna Nepomucena Defranceschi	1796	1797	Rijeka	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Josepham Joannam Nepomucenam Defranceschi	1796	1797	Rijeka	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Franciscum Josephum Aloysium Defranceschi	1797	—	Rijeka · Vitipolis, Modrus-Fiume	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Franciscum Josephum Aloysium Joannem Defranceschi	1797	1885	Rijeka	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Franciscum Josephum Aloysium Joannem Nepomuc Defranceschi	1797	—	Rijeka · Vitipolis, Modrus-Fiume, Magyarország	Not placed	Household	record
Franciscus Defranceschi	1797	—	Rijeka · Vitipolis, Modrus-Fiume, Magyarország	Not placed	Record index	record
Maria Defranceschi	1798	1840	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Parish burial	record
Anna Defranceschi	1799	1800	Rijeka	Not placed	Parish burial	record
Annam Mariam Josepham Defranceschi	1799	1800	Rijeka · Vitipolis, Modrus-Fiume	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Annam Mariam Josepham Nepomucenam Defranceschi	1799	1800	Rijeka	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Giuseppa Ludovica Defranceschi	1800	—	Rijeka	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Josepha Defranceschi	1800	1860	Rijeka	Not placed	Parish burial	record
Josepham Ludovicam Joannam Defranceschi	1800	—	Rijeka · Vitipolis, Modrus-Fiume	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Josepham Ludovicam Joannam Nepomuc Defranceschi	1800	—	Rijeka	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Natale Defranceschi	1800	—	Draguč	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Annam Mariam Ludovicam Defranceschi	1801	—	Rijeka	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Antonio de Franceschi	1801	1877	Omiš	Venice	Omiš chart · posjednik; wife D. Radmilović
Franciscus Defranceschi	1801	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Maria Katharina Goddard (Defranceschi)	1801	1850	Tirol	Trentino	Family tree	record tree
Joannem Nepomuc Aloysium Paschalem Defranceschi	1802	—	Rijeka · Vitipolis, Modrus-Fiume	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Joannes / Giovanni Nepomucenus Aloysius Paschalus Defranceschi	1802	—	Rijeka · Fiume, Rijeka	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Maria Teresa Martecchini (Defranceschi)	1803	1883	Dubrovnik-Grad · Ragusa, Dubrovnik	Abroad	Family tree	record tree
Petrum Julium Paschalem Defranceschi	1803	—	Rijeka · Vitipolis, Modrus-Fiume, Magyarország	Not placed	Household	record
Petrus Defranceschi	1803	—	Rijeka · Vitipolis, Modrus-Fiume, Magyarország	Not placed	Record index	record
Petrus Julius Paschalus Defranceschi	1803	—	Rijeka	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Pietro / Petrum Julium Paschalem Defranceschi	1803	—	Rijeka · Venezia	Venice	Family tree	record tree
Antonia De Franceschi	1804	1808	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Parish burial	record
Jacobina Defranceschi	1804	1882	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Parish burial	record
Maria Defranceschi	1804	1804	Rijeka	Not placed	Parish burial	record tree
Antonium Petrum Nataliem Joannem Defranceschi	1805	—	Rijeka	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Antonium Petrum Nataliem Joannem Kepomuc Defranceschi	1805	—	Rijeka · Vitipolis, Modrus-Fiume, Magyarország	Not placed	Household	record
Josepham Ludovicam Joannam Defranceschi	1805	—	Rijeka · Vitipolis, Modrus-Fiume	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Antonius Defranceschi	1806	—	Sv. Marko (Zagreb)	Not placed	Record index	record
Cattarina Defranceschi	—	1806	Gologorica, Istra	Carnia	Family tree	tree
Margarita Defranceschi	1806	—	Mione, Ovaro	Carnia	Family tree	record tree
Maria Bergamo (Defranceschi)	1807	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Petrina Tamburin Or Defranceschi	1807	1855	Croatia, parish not named	No place	Parish burial	record
Catharina Bellinich (Defranceschi)	1808	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Cattarina Defranceschi	1808	—	Mione, Ovaro	Carnia	Family tree	record tree
Damiano Defranceschi	1808	1846	Draguč	Not placed	Parish burial	record
Francisca Defranceschi	1808	1887	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Parish burial	record
Josephus Lambertus Defranceschi	1808	1878	Gologorica, Pazin, Istria	Carnia	Read off the register · The tree and this archive disagree about the DEATH year by 21 years, and that is the serious kind. Tree 1878, here 1857; the birth agrees. A death year is usually the better-evidenced of the two, so a gap this wide means one side is describing a different person's death — most often a namesake in the same parish. This needs the burial register, not a judgement. (20 Sept 2026.) --- ⭐⭐ 6 October 2026 — SETTLED BY THE BURIAL REGISTER, AND THE TREE WAS RIGHT. > Gologorica deaths, image M01069295, page 132: «1878 Decembris 22.* · 7 · Josephus Defranceschi, POSSIDENS, munitus SS. et sepultus die 24. Dec. 1878 · 70 · Senectus»* *Seventy on 22 December 1878 closes on his birth of 13 March 1808 — seventy years and nine months.* At 22 December 1857 he would have been forty-nine. The death year moves 1857 → 1878 and the pid is re-declared. (doc.) ⚠ AND NOTICE WHAT WAS ALREADY RIGHT: the day and the month. This archive had 22 December; the register has 22 December. *Only the decade was wrong.* ⭐ That is the second time today. Clementina Maria Defranceschi carried 10 March 1840 where the register gives *10 March 1870 — same day, same month, wrong decade, and the tree right.* Two for two, both flagged with the same note, both resolved the same way.** A third row carries that note and is still open.* He died at house 7, the «civis» and «possidens» house, as his kin did in 1848, 1850, 1863, 1866 and 1870.
Anna Maria Defranceschi	1809	—	Mione, Ovaro	Carnia	Family tree	record tree
★Carlo De Franceschi	1809	1893	Gologorica	Carnia	Biography · Historian, Politician, Magistrate --- 29 September 2026 — his own tablet, photographed and read. > CARLO de FRANCESCHI > STORIOGRAFO DELL'ISTRIA > STRENUO ASSERTORE DELL'ITALIANITÀ DELLA SUA TERRA > MDCCCIX — MDCCCXCIII Read 29 September 2026 from David's photographs of the family tomb at Gologorica. (doc.) «Historiographer of Istria, strenuous asserter of the Italian character of his land», 1809–1893 — cut in Roman numerals, in Italian, in a village whose Croatian neighbours were at that moment arguing the opposite case in print. The quarrel is on the Gologorica page, and this inscription is one side of it, in stone. The tomb is a walled monument — a cross above, the arms in the pediment, his tablet in the centre between fluted pilasters in pink marble, and a family tablet to either side. Three of his children and his wife are on those side tablets, and all four died before he did. --- 29 September 2026 — the official roll, and the seat he was elected for. > Defranceschi · Karl · k.k. Rathsprotokollist · Pisino · Küstenland The list of the 422 deputies of the first Austrian Reichstag, 1848–49, with name, character, electoral district and land. (doc.)* *⚠ This archive had him «in Vienna»* in 1848 from a newspaper attacking him** — the Journal des Österreichischen Lloyd of 7 September 1848, which called him a libeller and named his post as «Rathsprotokollist des Landrechts zu Rovigno». The roll confirms the office and adds what the attack never gave: the constituency. He sat for PISINO — Pazin, the county town of the district his village stands in. ⚠ And it quietly corrects something else. This archive carried a note that «by 1848 a Salomon* sat in the parliament at Vienna»* — the family Giovanni Battista married into. There is no Salomon in the roll at all. The seat the family remembered was real, and it was his. On /corrections/.
Carolus Josephus Defranceschi	1809	1893	Gologorica, Pazin, Istria	Carnia	Gologorica pedigree
Cattarina De Franceschi	1809	—	Šterna · Sterna, Litorale Austriaco, Austria	Not placed	Household	record
Giovanna Maddalena Defranceschi	1809	—	Mione, Ovaro	Carnia	Family tree	record tree
Giovanni Pietro Defranceschi	1809	1809	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Parish burial	record
Marianna Defranceschi	1809	1810	Mione, Ovaro	Carnia	Family tree	record tree
Anna Cecilia Defranceschi	1810	—	Mione, Ovaro	Carnia	Family tree · Her parents, from the Antenati name index: «Nascita: Ovaro, 14/01/1810 · Padre Francesco De’ Franceschi* · Madre Margherita Gorzan». This row was a bare name and a year until today.* Her brother Luigi Defranceschi's act spells the same mother Margarita Gortani — Gortani being a Carnic surname of its own and Gorzan appearing nowhere else in this archive. One woman, two clerks. Portale Antenati, name index, read 27 September 2026 — Ovaro, Stato civile napoleonico.	record tree
Elisabeth Defranceschi	1810	—	Rijeka · Vitipolis, Modrus-Fiume, Magyarország	Not placed	Record index	record
Elisabetham-Franciscam Defranceschi	1810	—	Rijeka · Vitipolis, Modrus-Fiume, Magyarország	Not placed	Record index	record
Elisabetta Defranceschi	1810	1810	Rijeka	Not placed	Parish burial · Not the same child as the other Elisabetta of 1810, and the fathers say so. This row is the burial of 26 September 1810* at Fiume, aged 0, father Franco. The other is a baptism of 2 April 1810 at Fiume, parents Anna and Andrea.* Two infants of one name, born and buried in one town in one year, to two different households. Read on FamilySearch, 27 September 2026.	record tree
Giovanni Batta Defranceschi	1810	—	Mione, Ovaro	Carnia	Family tree	record tree
★Giovanni de Franceschi	1810	1862	Omiš · Zadar	Venice	Namesake · Letters
Margarita Maria Defranceschi	1810	—	Pula · Promontore, Istra, Croazia	Not placed	Household	record
Mathæus Defranceschi	1810	1849	Pula · Poreč	Not placed	Parish burial	record
Pietro Antonio Defranceschi	1810	—	Paluzza, Udine	Carnia	Family tree	record tree
Antonio Defranceschi	1811	1811	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Parish burial	record
Cattarina Defranceschi	1811	—	Paluzza, Udine	Carnia	Family tree	record tree
Giacoma Defranceschi	1811	—	Mione, Ovaro	Carnia	Family tree	tree
Maria Defranceschi	1811	1897	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · *She may be the «Maria sorella»* of the Gologorica register — and this archive is calling it an inference, not a fact.** At a baptism of 1844 the godparents are entered «Franciscus Defranceschi e MARIA SORELLA», both cives — sister, in Italian, dropped into a Latin entry. (doc for the entry — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069119, folio 105.)* The argument: she is Maria Aloysia, born 14 August 1811, died 1897, daughter of Josephus and Lambertina — and her brother Franciscus Xaverius Joseph (b. 19 February 1816, d. 4 January 1893) is the only Franciscus this archive can name among the adult Defranceschi of Gologorica in 1844. They are thirty-three and twenty-eight that year, and both belong to the civis household the entry describes. (inf.) ⚠ The weakness, said rather than buried: «the only pair this archive can name» is not «the only pair». The same run of folios produced three grown Defranceschi women the pedigree does not contain. No page is rewritten on this. The section tells it in full.
Matheus Defranceschi	1811	—	Poreč	Not placed	Record index	record
Matteo Defranceschi	1811	—	Mione, Ovaro	Carnia	Family tree	record tree
Osualdo Valentino Defranceschi	1811	—	Mione, Ovaro	Carnia	Family tree	record tree
Agostino Defranceschi	1812	1812	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Parish burial	record
Carlo De Franceschi	1812	—	Rovinj	Not placed	Record index	record
Maria Defranceschi (Ivich)	—	—	Gracisce, Istra	Carnia	Family tree · Corrected 13 September 2026: the year 1812 was carried here as a birth year and cannot be one. She is the mother in the household «Antonius Defranceschi × Maria Defranceschi» (1823–1823), so 1812 is the year she first appears in the record — the baptism of her eldest known child — not the year she was born. Her birth is unknown.	tree
Nadalina Defranceschi	1812	—	Pula · Promontore, Istra, Croazia	Not placed	Household	record
Pascuala Rodriguez De Franceschi	1812	1894	Yauco, Puerto Rico, USA	Abroad	Headstone · Cementerio Municipal Viejo
Catharina Bellinich (Defranceschi)	1813	1887	Rijeka	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Catharina Defranceschi	1813	1887	Rijeka	Not placed	Parish burial	record
Gioanni Maria Defranceschi	—	1813	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Parish burial	record
Mariana Defranceschi	1813	—	Mione, Ovaro	Carnia	Family tree	record tree
Pietro Paolo Franceschi	1813	1813	Fiume, Modrus-Fiume, Ungheria	Not placed	Household
Vitorio Defranceschi	1813	—	Draguč · Fasana	S. Istria	Family tree	record tree
Antonio Matteo Defranceschi	1814	—	Mione, Ovaro	Carnia	Family tree	record tree
Antonius Defranceschi	1814	1893	Gologorica, Pazin, Istria	Carnia	Gologorica pedigree	tree
Luigi Defranceschi	1814	—	Mione, Ovaro	Carnia	Family tree · His parents, from the Antenati name index: «Nascita: Ovaro, 03/06/1814 · Padre Francesco De’ Franceschi* · Madre Margarita Gortani». This row was a bare name and a year until today.* Brother of Anna Cecilia Defranceschi, whose act spells the mother Margherita Gorzan. Portale Antenati, name index, read 27 September 2026 — Ovaro, Stato civile napoleonico.	record tree
Angelo Defranceschi	1815	—	Draguč · Fasana	S. Istria	Family tree	record tree
Antonius Defranceschi	1815	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Maria Maddalena Defranceschi	1815	—	Mione, Ovaro	Carnia	Family tree · Her parents, from the Antenati name index: «Nascita: Ovaro, 04/11/1815 · Padre Osualdo De’ Franceschi* · Madre Catterina Prencis». This row was a bare name and a year until today.* And her act carries the answer to a question this archive has held open since September. See Gio Batta De Franceschi (Ovaro, 1810) and worklist item 11: the surname is Prencis* in 1810 and Prencis again here in 1815 — not «Crencis», which was a reading of one hand on one act.* Portale Antenati, name index, read 27 September 2026 — Ovaro, Stato civile napoleonico.	record tree
Vitnio Defranceschi	1815	1815	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Parish burial	record
Zuanne Defranceschi	1815	—	Pula · Promontore, Istra, Croazia	Not placed	Record index	record
Domenica Maria De Franceschi	1816	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Household	record tree
Domenica Maria Defranceschi	1816	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Family tree	record tree
Franciscus Xaverius Joseph Defranceschi	1816	1893	Gologorica, Pazin, Istria	Carnia	Gologorica pedigree · ⭐ His first document. This row carried a birth year, a death year and nothing else. > Gologorica Status Animarum 1862, house 4 (M01069440): «Franciscus Defranceschi, filius Josephi et Lambertinae» · conditio «possidens» · n. 17 Feb 1816 · m. 10 Octob. 1859 · d. 4 Jan 1893 *The register names his parents itself* — Josephus Defranceschi and Lambertina née Peschle — so he is Carlo De Franceschi's brother on the page rather than by inference. His wife is Clotilda née Ortis, «e Novatico», and the opening lists *fourteen children. The household is told here.* (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069440, Gologorica Status Animarum 1862, house 4.)
Irene De Franceschi	1816	—	Draguč · Fažana (Fasana), Istria	S. Istria	Record index	record
Maria De Franceschi	1816	—	Ližnjan · Ližnjan, Istria, Italia	S. Istria	Record index	record
Maria Defranceschi (Marcorich)	—	—	Liznjan, Istra	S. Istria	Family tree · Corrected 13 September 2026: the year 1816 was carried here as a birth year and cannot be one. She is the mother in the household «Antonius Defranceschi × Maria Defranceschi» (1823–1823), so 1816 is the year she first appears in the record — the baptism of her eldest known child — not the year she was born. Her birth is unknown.	record tree
Maria Domenica Rancelli (Defranceschi)	1816	1872	Tomino	Corsica	Family tree	tree
Natale Mattio De Franceschi	1816	—	Draguč · Pola, Italia	S. Istria	Record index	record tree
Natale Mattio Defranceschi	1816	—	Draguč · Pula	S. Istria	Family tree	record tree
Cattarina Defranceschi	1817	1834	Split-Veli Varoš	Venice	Parish burial	record
Maria Schiffic(Defranceschi)	1817	1855	Liznjan, Istra	S. Istria	Family tree	record tree
Pietro De Franceschi	—	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Household · Corrected 13 September 2026: the year 1817 was carried here as a birth year and cannot be one. This person is a parent in the household «Pietro De Franceschi × Maria Malusá» (1816–1824) at Vodnjan, the same place the row itself gives, and 1817 falls inside the years that household was bearing children. It is a first-appearance date, not a birth.	record
Pietro Defranceschi	—	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Family tree · Corrected 13 September 2026: the year 1817 was carried here as a birth year and cannot be one. This person is a parent in the household «Pietro De Franceschi × Maria Malusá» (1816–1824) at Vodnjan, the same place the row itself gives, and 1817 falls inside the years that household was bearing children. It is a first-appearance date, not a birth.	record tree
Domenica Michiela Giovanna De Franceschi	1818	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Household	record tree
Domenica Michiela Giovanna Defranceschi	1818	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Family tree	record tree
Francesco Naplone De Franceschi	1818	—	Vižinada	Not placed	Record index · On the two-parish reel 005497893 (Vižinada deaths + Vodnjan baptisms); which of the two is not yet resolved	record
Joanna Defranceschi (Sestan)third cousin five times removed	1818	1889	Gračišće, Istria	Carnia	Read off the register · Documented 30 September 2026; she had been carried on the family tree alone, with no note at all. The 1826 status animarum of Gologorica records her in house 3 as «Joanna eius uxor nata Defranceschi» — born 25 June 1818 — wife of Antonius Sestan, «def. Vincentii et Mariæ», son of the late Vincentius Sestan and Maria, born 29 June 1814. They married on 13 February 1843, and the provenance column records her coming *«Ex Parochia Gallignanæ sub N.º 4»* — out of Gračišće house 4. Six children are entered under them: Maria (b. 8 October 1843), Antonia (b. 16 July 1845, d. 4 August 1846 aged 1y 0m 18d), Antonius (b. 4 June 1849), Joannes (b. 6 June 1852), Franciscus (b. 31 January 1855) and Josephus (b. 2 February 1858, d. 4 February 1858, aged two days). The three eldest sons were all confirmed together on 8 June 1864. Her marriage is one of two in three years that took a Defranceschi daughter out of Gračišće and into Gologorica — hers from house 4 in 1843, and Francisca's from house 5 in 1840. (doc.) Gologorica Status Animarum 1826, house 3 — Džavni arhiv u Pazinu microfilm ZM34K-214, image M01069323, read 30 September 2026. Her husband's parents, from the page before hers (M01069324, house 1): Vincentius Sestan, civis, born 25 March 1780, married 12 February 1805, died 1 December 1842 aged 62y 8m; and Maria, born 1 January 1781, died 30 October 1843. The register joins the two households itself — against Antonius it writes «matrimonium inivit ut hic retro», he married as shown back here. ⚠ Maria's maiden surname is written but not legible to this archive — the capital is a P or an R and the ending -pros, -pras or -prod; no candidate is published, because no second construction of the word has been found in the book. (doc for the couple; her maiden name unread.) ⭐ 5 October 2026 — her eldest daughter's baptism, and it does not agree with the census. Gologorica baptisms, folio 104 (M01069118): «9bris 11 · domus 2 · MARIA* nata 7 hujus · Antonius Sestan · Joanna nata Defranceschi · godfather Franciscus Defranceschi, with Catharina Ivich». Born 7 November 1843, baptised the 11th.* (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214.)* ⚠ The 1826 status animarum gives this child as born 8 October 1843 in house 3. The register gives 7 November 1843 in house 2. *A month and a house apart, and both are documents.* The month figures were compared against each other on the same page — the «8bris» of the row above and the «9bris» of hers are plainly different numerals — so the gap is not a misreading here. It is left standing and visible* rather than patched, because the rule that the census records baptism dates does not close it. ⭐ And her second child agrees with the census exactly, which sharpens the doubt about her first. Folio 106 (M01069120), house 2: «Antonia* nata heri», baptised* 17 July 1845, so born the 16th — and the 1826 status animarum gives Antonia born 16 July 1845. *An exact match.* So the census is not generally unreliable about this family. The month-wide gap over Maria is an anomaly in one entry rather than a property of the source — which makes it a better question than it was, not a worse one. ⭐ 5 October 2026 — all five of her children found in the baptism register, and they test the census. child · the 1826 status animarum · the baptism register Maria · 8 October 1843 · 7 November 1843, bapt. the 11th · a month apart Antonia · 16 July 1845 · 16 July 1845, bapt. the 17th · exact Catharina · — not listed — · 1 October 1846, bapt. the 2nd · the census omits her Antonius · 4 June 1849 · 4 June 1849, baptised the same day · exact Joannes · 6 June 1852 · 6 June 1851, bapt. the 7th — † 27 February 1935 · a year apart *The day of the month is right every single time.* Where the two sources differ they differ on the month or the year — the signature of a figure miscopied when the household was written up, not of a source guessing. And the census omits Catharina entirely, so its list of a family's children is a floor and not a ceiling. The full comparison. (doc both ways — DAPA ZM34K-214.)* ⭐ And her son Joannes lived to 1935, closed by a later hand on his own baptism line eighty-four years afterwards. ⭐ A sixth child, and the census is out by two years this time. «Januarii 31 · domus 3 · FRANCISCUS natus hodie», folio 114 (M01069128) — *born and baptised 31 January 1853. The 1826* status animarum gives him 31 January 1855. *Day and month exact, year two out* — the third failure of precisely that shape in this one household, and the reason the comparison is published rather than quietly reconciled. ⭐ And the family is finished: eight children, not six, and the census is short by two. Folios 117 and 119 add Francisca, born 30 May 1856 (M01069131) and Josephus, born 2 February 1858 (M01069133). Josephus matches the census exactly — it has him born 2 February 1858 and dead on the 4th, aged two days. Francisca it does not list at all, any more than it lists Catharina of 1846. *So of eight children the census names six, gets three exactly right, and is out on three by a month, a year and two years — never by a day.* The full table is published, because it is the only entry-by-entry test the 1826 status animarum has had in this archive. ⭐ A ninth child, 15 September 1859, house 3, godparents «Petrus Grossich et Francisca Defranceschi». (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069134, folio 120.) *Nine children where the 1826 census named six.*	tree
Natale Defranceschi	1818	1855	Draguč	Not placed	Parish burial	record tree
Pierre Defranceschi	1818	1853	Gaillard, Haute-Savoie	Other	Family tree	record tree
Antonio De Franceschi	1819	—	Ližnjan · Ližnjan, Istria, Italia	S. Istria	Record index	record
Antonio Defranceschi	1819	—	Medulin	S. Istria	Family tree	record tree
Bartolo De Franceschi	—	1819	Šterna	Not placed	Parish burial	record
Domenico Giovanni Anto De Franceschi	1819	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Household	record
Francisca Defranceschi	1819	1892	Gologorica	Carnia	Gologorica pedigree	tree
Franciscus Defranceschi	1819	1892	Kaštelir	Not placed	Parish burial	record tree
Maria Defranceschi	1819	—	Draguč · Fasana	S. Istria	Family tree	record tree
Mattio De Franceschi	—	1819	Kaštelir · Pula	S. Istria	Parish burial	record
Pietro De Franceschi	—	1830	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Read off the register · Died 15 December 1830 aged eleven, of scarlatina, at house 456, «senza assistenza spirituale per la malattia repentina». Eldest child of Pietro De Franceschi q.m Pietro and Maddalena Francin di Giovanni. Corrected 13 September 2026: the year 1819 was carried here as a birth year and cannot be one. This person is a parent in the household «Pietro De Franceschi × Maria Malusá» (1816–1824) at Vodnjan, the same place the row itself gives, and 1819 falls inside the years that household was bearing children. It is a first-appearance date, not a birth.	record
Pietro Defranceschi	—	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Family tree · Corrected 13 September 2026: the year 1819 was carried here as a birth year and cannot be one. This person is a parent in the household «Pietro De Franceschi × Maria Malusá» (1816–1824) at Vodnjan, the same place the row itself gives, and 1819 falls inside the years that household was bearing children. It is a first-appearance date, not a birth.	record tree
Sancta-Alexandra Defranceschi (Sestan)	1819	1887	Gologorica · Gologorica, Istra	Carnia	Read off the register · Her first document, found 5 October 2026 — and until today this archive held her from the family tree and nothing else. The Gologorica baptism register, 20 February 1840, house 2: « FRANCISCUS* natus hodie», of* «Joannes Sestan, agricola» and «Sancta Alexandra nata DEFRANCESCHI». Godparents «Franciscus Marciolin» and «Clementina Defranceschi»; conditio «ille clavium faber, haec civis». (doc — Gologorica baptisms 1784–1880 — DAPA microfilm ZM34K-214, M01069115, folio 102.) What this adds: a husband — Joannes Sestan, agricola; a house — number 2 of Gologorica; and a son, Franciscus Sestan, born and baptised 20 February 1840. Her maiden surname is written out in full in the mother's column, so the Defranceschi is the register's own word and not an inference from her tree name. ⚠ What it does not add, and the archive says so: her parents. The folios that would hold her own baptism — 1818 to 1822, folios 68 to 76 — have now been walked end to end, and the only Defranceschi baptisms in them are the children of Josephus and Lambertina, among whom she is not. So she was either not born at Gologorica, or born to a Defranceschi household this archive has not found.* The story of the three women* puts her beside the other two the same pages give.* ⭐ A second child, 30 October 1841 — and both godparents are Defranceschi. Same book, folio 103 (M01069116): «8bris 30 · domus 2 · FORTUNATUS* natus hodie · Joannes Sestan, textor · Sancta nata Defranceschi · Franciscus Defranceschi ac Matthea Defranceschi · cives». (doc — DAPA* ZM34K-214.)* ⚠ Her husband's trade will not settle. The struck draft of 1840 calls him «sutor», then «lapicida»; the fair copy says «agricola»; this entry says *«textor». No trade is taken.* The house-2 section tells it. ⭐ A third child, 21 March 1844 — «Josephus* natus hodie», house* 2, godfather the locksmith «Francesco Marciolin» again, with Anna. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069119, folio 105.) And by 1845 the register stops calling her a Defranceschi. She stands godmother on folio 106 as «Sancta Sestan», her married name — which is worth knowing by anyone searching these books for the surname: *a Defranceschi daughter disappears from a name-indexed search the moment the priest decides she is established.* ⭐ A fourth child, 7 February 1846 — «Francisca* nata hodie», house* 2, godparents «Josephus Selesco et Francisca Defranceschi». (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069121, folio 107.) *Four children documented in six years, where this archive held her with an empty note this morning.* ⭐ A fifth child, 26 March 1848 — «Antonius* natus heri», baptised the 27th, house* 2, godparents «Antonius Defranceschi* et Teresia Udovicich». And a later hand has closed his life on the same line:* *«† 27.VIII.1923». (doc — DAPA* ZM34K-214, M01069123, folio 109.) *Five children documented in eight years, for a woman this archive held this morning with an empty note and no husband.* ⭐ A sixth child, 30 June 1854 — «Maria* nata heri», baptised 1 July, house* 9, godparents «Joannes Sivich et Francisca Defranceschi». (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069129, folio 115.) And by 1855 she is standing godmother herself, as «Sancta Sestan» — at the baptism of Antonius Defranceschi, her husband's wife's-side kin at house 6. Six children in fourteen years, and a place in the village's godparent circle, for a woman this archive held at breakfast with an empty note.* ⭐ A seventh child, 6 May 1857 — «Franciscus* natus 6 Maij», baptised the 8th, house* 9, with *«† 18/1 1932»* in the margin. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069132, folio 118.) *Seven children between 1840 and 1857, every one of them documented today, for a woman this archive held at breakfast with a blank note, no husband and no children at all.* ⭐ An eighth child, 24 June 1859 — «Catharina* nata heri», house* 9, godparents «Joannes Udovicich et Anna Flegar». (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069134, folio 120.) *Eight children between 1840 and 1859, all found in one day's walk through a book this archive had been sampling for weeks.* ⭐ A ninth child, 7 July 1862 — «Elisabetha* nata 7 Julii 1862», house* 9, baptised by Blasius Zwölber. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069137, folio 123.) *Nine children, 1840 to 1862.* And her husband's word changes a fifth time. The book has called Joannes Sestan sutor, lapicida, agricola, textor and now possidens. *No trade is taken from it* — it has given four that do not agree — but a man entered possidens in 1862 is not the man entered sutor in 1840, and the drift runs one way. ⭐ And a tenth child, recovered from the strip. Folio 112 (M01069126), house 9: «8bris 29ᵃ* · FLORENTIUS natus heri»* — *born 28 October 1851, with* *«† 10/VIII 1920»* in the margin, and the parents entered cives. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214.)* *Ten children between 1840 and 1862, for a woman this archive held at breakfast with an empty note, no husband and no children. Florentius was in the band of the page the day's crop had been discarding, and he is the clearest single reason that correction was worth making. ⭐ AND SHE WAS THE PARISH MIDWIFE.* Her name stands in the Obstetrix column of the Gologorica baptism register in 1873 and again in 1876 — «Sancta Sestan», delivering the village's children at fifty-four and fifty-seven, among them Lambertina Lina Defranceschi and Elvira Gisella. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214.)* *Ten children of her own, a trade, and a place in every household in the village* — for a woman this archive held at breakfast with an empty note, no husband and no children. And her second son married a Defranceschi. Fortunatus Sestan, born 30 October 1841, appears in 1877 with a wife entered «Rosa n. Defranceschi» and a daughter Maria Anna. (inf that she is Rosa, born 7 June 1848 — the archive knows no other Rosa Defranceschi of the age at Gologorica.)	tree
Antonio Defranceschi	1820	—	Ližnjan	S. Istria	Record index	record
Lucia Defranceschi	1820	—	Gracisce, Istra	Carnia	Family tree · A Lucia Defranceschi stands godmother at Gologorica in 1846, and this may be her. Gologorica baptisms, folio 107 (M01069121), house 2: at the baptism of Joanna née Defranceschi's child the godparents are «Josephus Selesco et Lucia Defranceschi». (doc for the entry — DAPA ZM34K-214.)* The argument is a cohort, not a document. This row is Lucia Defranceschi, born 1820 at Gračišće — twenty-six that year — and two other Defranceschi women of almost exactly her age are already known to have come out of Gračišće into Gologorica in the 1840s: Joanna (b. 1818, Gračišće house 4) and Francisca (b. 1819, house 5). (inf.) ⚠ Nothing in the entry names her father, her age or her house, and no page is rewritten on this. The section tells the cohort in full; the register that would name all three women's fathers is on ZM34K-216, the archive's first errand.	tree
Teresa Domenica De Franceschi	1820	—	Vižinada	Not placed	Record index · On the two-parish reel 005497893 (Vižinada deaths + Vodnjan baptisms); which of the two is not yet resolved	record
Clementina Defranceschi	1821	1821	Gologorica, Istra	Carnia	Read off the register · She died at two days old, and the register proves it to the hour. > «1821. Die 30ma Januarii* hora ½ 4ta a meridie · [domus] 104 · CLEMENTINA FILIA D.ni JOSEPHI DEFRANCESCHI · dierum 2 et horarum 11½ · Imperfecta Structura»* > Sepulta fuit die 1ma Februarii 1821. — Ant. Ferdinandus Mocovich, parochus. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069259, page 62 of the death register.) Her baptism has her born 28 January 1821 at four in the morning, at the same house 104. From then to half past three on the afternoon of the 30th is two days and eleven and a half hours. The arithmetic closes exactly. *The cause is imperfecta structura* — imperfect formation. ⭐ This archive inferred her death on 1 October*, from nothing but the twenty-month gap before her namesake sister and what families did.* The inference was right and it is now a document — and the caution published alongside it was right too: her baptism carries no marginal cross, and a blank margin in that book means nothing. ⚠ The death year of 1870 this row carried is withdrawn. It came off the family tree and it cannot be hers. *It does not simply pass to her sister either: the thirty-year dispute over the 1822 Clementina is still open, and it has lost the easiest way of explaining it away.*	tree
Franco De Defranceschi	1821	—	Rijeka	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Franco De Franceschi	1821	—	Vižinada	Not placed	Record index · On the two-parish reel 005497893 (Vižinada deaths + Vodnjan baptisms); which of the two is not yet resolved	record
Matteo Giovanni Defranceschi	1821	—	Draguč · Fasana	S. Istria	Family tree	record tree
Mattia Defranceschi	1821	1822	—	No place	Family tree	record tree
Clementina Maria Defranceschi	1822	1870	Gologorica, Pazin, Istria	Carnia	Read off the register · The tree and this archive disagree about the DEATH year by 30 years, and that is the serious kind. Tree 1870, here 1840; the birth agrees. A death year is usually the better-evidenced of the two, so a gap this wide means one side is describing a different person's death — most often a namesake in the same parish. This needs the burial register, not a judgement. (20 Sept 2026.) ⭐ 5 October 2026 — a Clementina Defranceschi is alive and standing godmother on 20 February 1840. Gologorica baptisms, folio 102 (M01069115): she stands with «Franciscus Marciolin»* at the baptism of Franciscus Sestan, and the* Conditio cell enters the pair «ille clavium faber, haec civis» — *she a citizen. (doc — DAPA* ZM34K-214.)* This is evidence in the 1840-versus-1870 argument and it does not settle it. The entry gives no age, no household and no patronymic, so it fits either this Clementina or her elder namesake of 1821. What settles it is the burial register — Gologorica deaths 1784–1880, 91 frames on the same reel, barely opened. The three women of 1840. ⭐ 6 October 2026 — her elder namesake is accounted for, and it narrows this row rather than closing it. The Clementina of 1821 died on 30 January 1821, aged two days and eleven and a half hours (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069259, page 62 of the death register.) *So the 1870 death this archive had parked on her sister cannot be the sister's.* The dispute on this row — archive 1840 against tree 1870* — is unchanged in substance, but it has lost the comfortable explanation that the two dates simply belonged to two women. One of them is still wrong about this woman, and the death register has not yet reached her. ✔ And it settles the godmother. The Clementina Defranceschi who stood godmother on 20 February 1840, entered civis, was recorded here as possibly either sister. *She can only be this one.* --- ⭐⭐ 6 October 2026 — SETTLED, BY EXACTLY THE SOURCE THIS ROW ASKED FOR. The paragraph above, written 20 September, said: «a gap this wide means one side is describing a different person's death … This needs the burial register, not a judgement.» The burial register was walked today. > Gologorica deaths, image M01069286, page 114: «1870 Martii 10ma* · 7 · Clementina Defranceschi, POSSIDENS, munita SS Sacram. et sepulta 11. Martii · 47 · Phthisis»* *Forty-seven on 10 March 1870 closes exactly on her birth of 3 October 1822.* The tree was right and this archive was wrong. The death year moves 1840 → 1870; the pid keeps 1822 and is re-declared. (doc.) And the corroboration was already on this row: a Clementina stands godmother in 1841, which a woman dead in 1840 cannot do. *Two independent pointers, and the register to settle them.* She died at house 7 — the family's house — of phthisis, and the register calls her «possidens», a property-holder: the family's status word shifts from «civis» to «possidens» across these decades.	tree
Domenica De Franceschi	—	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Household · Corrected 13 September 2026: the year 1822 was carried here as a birth year and cannot be one. This person is a parent in the household «Sebastiano Giachin × Domenica De Franceschi» (1817–1832) at Vodnjan, the same place the row itself gives, and 1822 falls inside the years that household was bearing children. It is a first-appearance date, not a birth.	record
Domenica Defranceschi	—	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Family tree · Corrected 13 September 2026: the year 1822 was carried here as a birth year and cannot be one. This person is a parent in the household «Sebastiano Giachin × Domenica De Franceschi» (1817–1832) at Vodnjan, the same place the row itself gives, and 1822 falls inside the years that household was bearing children. It is a first-appearance date, not a birth.	record tree
Franz Defranceschi	1822	—	—	No place	Household
Gregorio De Franceschi	1822	—	Ližnjan · Ližnjan, Istria, Italia	S. Istria	Record index · One man, baptised and married. `1:1:XQM3-P8CX` is his baptism at Ližnjan in 1822, son of Mattio De Franceschi and Madalena Peuc…. `1:1:XQM3-1DFT` is his marriage in 1845, aged 23, to Agata Schiffich, also 23 — and 1845 less 23 is 1822. Read on FamilySearch, 27 September 2026.	record
Gregorio Defranceschi	1822	—	Ližnjan	S. Istria	Record index · The same man as Gregorio De Franceschi. This row is his marriage of 1845; that one is his baptism at Ližnjan in 1822, and his stated age of 23 fits it exactly. Read on FamilySearch, 27 September 2026.	record
Helena Defranceschi (Weber)	1822	—	—	No place	Family tree	record tree
Maria Martina De Franceschi	1822	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Household	record
Stefano Matteo De Franceschi	1822	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Household	record tree
Stefano Matteo Defranceschi	1822	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Family tree	record tree
Veniera De Franceschi	1822	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Household	record
Katharina Johanna de Franceschi	1823	—	Laives	Trentino	Family tree	record tree
Katharina Johanna Defranceschi	1823	—	Austria	No place	Household
Anastasia Defranceschi	1824	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Gologorica pedigree
Antonius Defranceschi	1824	1828	Kastelir	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Cristoforo De Franceschi	1824	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Household	record
Martina De Franceschi	1824	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Household	record
Pasqua De Franceschi	1824	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Household	record
Pietro da Franceschi	1824	—	Croazia, Austria	No place	Household
Aloysius Augustinus Defranceschi	1825	1826	Kastelir	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Antonio Defranceschi	1825	1894	Gračišće (Gallignana), house 19	Carnia	Direct line
Antonius Defranceschidirect line	1825	1894	Gračišće	Carnia	Family tree	record tree
Ermenegildo Defranceschi	1825	1871	Split-Veli Varoš	Venice	Parish burial	record
Giovanni Eliseo De Franceschi	1825	—	Draguč · Pola, Italia	S. Istria	Household	record
Giovanni Eliseo Defranceschi	1825	—	Draguč · Fasana	S. Istria	Family tree	record tree
Maria Maddalena De Franceschi	1825	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Household	record tree
Maria Maddalena Defranceschi	1825	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Matteo Defranceschi	1825	—	—	No place	Family tree	record tree
Pasqua De Franceschi	1825	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Household	record tree
Pasqua Defranceschi	1825	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Family tree	record tree
Aloysius Defranceschi	1826	1829	Kaštelir	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Cattarina Franceschin	1826	1843	Ližnjan	S. Istria	Parish burial · The tree and this archive disagree about the birth year by 1 year, and the death year agrees. Tree 1825, here 1826. That is what an age produces. A record giving «aged N» rather than a date yields a birth year that depends on whether the birthday had passed, so the two are one year of arithmetic apart, not one of evidence. This archive keeps its own figure, which came off the register; the tree's is recorded so the difference is visible rather than silently resolved. (20 Sept 2026.)	record
Lucia De Franceschi	1826	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Record index	record tree
Lucia Defranceschi	1826	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Family tree	record tree
Magdalena Defranceschi	1826	1831	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Parish burial	record
Giovanni De Franceschi	1827	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Household	record
Vincenzo Defranceschi	1827	—	Makarska	Venice	Record index	record
Angelus Defranceschi	1828	1895	Tinjan · Tar	Not placed	Parish burial	record
Giuseppe Domenico Franceschi	1828	—	Postira, Spalato, Dalmazia, Austria	Venice	Household	record
Lucia De Franceschi	1828	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Household	record
Maximilianus Antonius Defranceschifirst cousin five times removed	1828	1910	Gologorica, Istra	Carnia	Family tree	tree
Maximilianus Antonius Josephus Defranceschi	1828	1910	Gologorica, Pazin, Istria	Carnia	Gologorica pedigree
Pietro De Franceschi	1828	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Record index	record tree
Pietro Defranceschi	1828	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Family tree	record tree
Antonija Defranceschi	1829	1899	Trsat (Rijeka) · Rijeka	Not placed	Parish burial	record tree
Cattarina Defranceschi	1829	—	Kaštelir, Istra	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Domenica Defranceschi	1829	1831	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Parish burial	record tree
Giovanni De Franceschi	1829	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Household	record tree
Giovanni Defranceschi	1829	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Family tree	record tree
Ivan de Franceschi	1829	1895	Omiš	Venice	Omiš chart · posjednik; wife Ivanica Baučić
Maria De Franceschi	1829	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Household	record
Domenica De Franceschi	—	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Household · Corrected 13 September 2026: the year 1830 was carried here as a birth year and cannot be one. This person is a parent in the household «Sebastiano Giachin × Domenica De Franceschi» (1817–1832) at Vodnjan, the same place the row itself gives, and 1830 falls inside the years that household was bearing children. It is a first-appearance date, not a birth.	record
Domenica Defranceschi	—	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Family tree · Corrected 13 September 2026: the year 1830 was carried here as a birth year and cannot be one. This person is a parent in the household «Sebastiano Giachin × Domenica De Franceschi» (1817–1832) at Vodnjan, the same place the row itself gives, and 1830 falls inside the years that household was bearing children. It is a first-appearance date, not a birth.	record tree
Henricus Jacobus Defranceschi	1830	1906	Gologorica · Trieste	Carnia	Read off the register · His baptism entry, found 5 October 2026 — and the register calls him ENRICHUS. «Die 28va Martii [1830] · ENRICHUS JACOBUS DEFRANCESCHI natus 11ma Martii hora 5ta Mane» — *born 11 March 1830 at five in the morning, baptised on the 28th, by Franciscus Brussich, parochus, of «Dnus Josephus Defranceschi, Civilis»* and «Domina Lambertina ejusdem uxor nata Pesle». Godparents «Giacomo Giacich» and «Jos.a Teresa Giacich»; midwife «Marianna uxor Stanislai Rabar». (doc — Gologorica baptisms 1784–1880 — DAPA microfilm ZM34K-214, M01069102, folio 89.) The date this archive already held is confirmed to the hour. That is verification, not discovery. What it did not have was the page, the priest, the godparents or the midwife. The form without the H is the family's own: the register writes Enrichus, and so does the 1826 status animarum of house 7, which lists him among the ten children. «Henricus Jacobus» came in off the family tree. The id is minted and frozen and is not moved for a spelling — a moved id is a dead URL. ⭐ And his entry is where this archive noticed that the book counts houses twice. The Domus cell is written, struck through with a diagonal and replaced by 104. The first reading was that this settled why his family appears under both 17 and 104 — and that reading was dropped, because the next four folios show the same doubled cell on entries belonging to seven other families. From 1830 the register carries two house numbers; by 1831 every entry on a page does. What the second series is has not been established. Worklist 171 holds it, and the 1830 section prints the table. Seventeen days from birth to font, where his brother Maximilianus was baptised the day after he was born. The longest gap this family shows. ⭐ And he turns up alive, twenty-two years on. Gologorica baptisms, 13 March 1852, folio 113 (M01069127): the godparents of Joannes Junco's child are *«ENRICO DEFRANCESCHI et soror Adelaidis», entered* cives. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214.)* Two days past his twenty-second birthday, at Gologorica, of age and chosen to stand at the font — where this archive had him as a name with a death at Trieste in 1906 and nothing in between. *And the register calls him ENRICO.* Three hands now — the 1826 census, his own baptism, and this — and not one of them writes the H. ⭐ And in 1868 he stands for both his brother's twin daughters. Gologorica baptisms, 31 May 1868, house 7 (M01069147, folio 134): godfather to Maria Henrica and to Clotildis Adelaidis, the second time beside his sister «Adelaidis Defranceschi», the pair entered possidentes. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214.)* *The elder twin is named HENRICA.* A man whose own name this archive has been spelling with an H the register never uses, giving that name to his niece.	tree
Natale Defranceschi	1830	—	Draguč · Pula	S. Istria	Family tree	record tree
Stefano De Franceschi	1831	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Household	record
Stefano Defranceschi	1831	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Family tree	record tree
Aloysius / Aloisius "Luigi" Defranceschi	1832	1912	Volosca, Opatija	Carnia	Family tree · Adjudicated 11 October 2026: this row and Aloysius Defranceschi are the same man — Carlo De Franceschi's brother, born 4 May 1832 at Volosca, a merchant at Gologorica house 87, husband of Joanna Udovičić. The other row carried a death of 1870, which the 1908 «Senes» list and the 1921 census have withdrawn. *This row's 1912 is the one consistent with the register, which counts him alive at seventy-six in 1908 and heads house 87 with him.* The household is told here. ⚠ *Both ids are kept and frozen.* Neither row is merged away and neither URL is moved; this note is the join. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069915, Gologorica Status Animarum 1921, house 87; and the «Senes» list, M01069823.)	record tree
Aloysius Defranceschi	1832	—	Volosca (Volosko)	Carnia	Read off the register · ⚠⚠ CORRECTED 11 October 2026 — the death year 1870 is withdrawn, and the birth day is now 4 May. The parish counted him among its living at seventy-six on 31 December 1908 («Senes»* list, M01069823), and the* 1921 status animarum heads house 87 with him: «De Franceschi Aloisius», conditio «mercator», n. «4 Maji 1832», wife «Joanna ux. n. Udovičić», daughter «Gisella» n. 15 Aprilis 1873 (M01069915). *A man cannot be counted alive at seventy-six in 1908 and have died in 1870.* The correction is filed and the house is told here. ✔ *He is the «ALOYSIUS DEFRANCESCHI, MERCATOR»* who fathered Gisella Elvira** — the collision flagged on 5 October is resolved, and his daughter's father is no longer a dead man. ✔ This archive's other row for him — the MyHeritage «Aloysius / Aloisius 'Luigi' Defranceschi, 1832–1912, Volosca» — gives a death of 1912, consistent with the 1908 list. *The two rows are one man; both ids are kept and frozen, and no id is moved.* Born at Volosca, not in Poland — corrected 30 September 2026. The 1826 status animarum enters him «Aloysius … filius natus Volosca»; this archive had «natus Polonia». His mother Lambertina née Peschle is entered «Ex Volosca» two lines above him, so she went home to be delivered. Gologorica Status Animarum 1826, house 7 — DAPA microfilm ZM34K-214, image M01069408. ⭐ The birth day. That 1826 reading gave 4 May 1832 against the roster's 8 May and was not acted on, on one page-scale reading. There are now *three register statements of 4 May 1832* — 1826, the 1908 «Senes» list, and the 1921 census, the last two read at magnification — against one tree-derived 8 May. The day is changed. --- ⭐⭐⭐ 11 October 2026, later — THE 1870 IS HIS WEDDING DAY. > Gologorica Status Animarum 1862 (M01069542), *Matrimonii contracti, braced across him and his wife:* «25. Nov. 1870» **The correction above withdrew «died 25 November 1870»* as unexplained. It is explained: the family tree recorded his wedding day as the day he died.* He married Joanna Udovičić on 25 November 1870*, and their eldest, Armella, followed on* 7 April 1871. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, Gologorica Status Animarum 1862.)
Dominicus Defranceschi	1832	1832	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Parish burial	record
Elena Franceschi	1832	—	Postira, Spalato, Dalmazia, Austria	Venice	Household	record
Giovanni Defranceschi	1832	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Record index	record
Johannes Defranceschi	1832	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Household	record
Johannes / Giovanni Defranceschi	1832	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Maria Defranceschi (Dobrez)	—	—	—	No place	Family tree · Corrected 13 September 2026: the year 1832 was carried here as a birth year and cannot be one. She is the mother in the household «Giovanni Moscarda × Maria Defranceschi» (1835–1841), so 1832 is the year she first appears in the record — the baptism of her eldest known child — not the year she was born. Her birth is unknown.	record tree
Maria Fernasar / Tornasar(De Franceschi)	1832	1916	Gračišće	Carnia	Family tree	record tree
Julius Defranceschi	1833	1833	Rijeka	Not placed	Parish burial · An infant, and not the Julius of the other row. `1:1:6YBT-Q1D8` is a burial of 25 August 1833 at Vitipolis, aged 0. The row it resembled belongs to Julius the father, who is naming a daughter at her baptism in 1829. Read on FamilySearch, 27 September 2026.	record
Julius Laurentius Defranceschi	1833	—	Rijeka · Vitipolis, Modrus-Fiume, Magyarország	Not placed	Record index	record
Maria De Franceschi	1833	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Household	record tree
Maria Defranceschi	1833	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Family tree	record tree
Giulio Defranceschi	1834	1837	Split (Sv. Dujam)	Venice	Parish burial	record
Giulio Valentino Lodovico Defranceschi	1834	—	Dubrovnik-Grad	Not placed	Record index	record
Andreas Defranceschi	1835	1903	Laives, Bolzano, South Tyrol	Trentino	Family tree	record tree
Matteo Defranceschi	1835	—	Ližnjan	S. Istria	Record index	record
Matteo / Mattio Defranceschi	1835	—	Liznjan, Istra	S. Istria	Family tree	record tree
Filomena Defranceschi Or Alacevich	1836	1862	Marina (Trogir)	Not placed	Parish burial	record
Ludovicam Vincentium Caratum Franciscum Defranceschi	1836	—	Tarsatica, Modrus-Fiume	Not placed	Family tree	tree
Giuseppe Benedetto de Franceschi	1837	—	Omiš, Splitsko-dalmatinska	Venice	Family tree	tree
Pietro De Franceschi	1837	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Household	record
Veneranda Defranceschi (Subiotto)	1837	—	—	No place	Family tree	record tree
Johann Bapt. Franz Defranceschi	1838	1847	Laives, Bolzano	Trentino	Family tree	tree
Antonio Defranceschifourth cousin four times removed	1839	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Maria Defranceschi	1839	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Family tree	record tree
Carolina Maria Defranceschi	1840	1921	Laives, Bozen, Tirol	Trentino	Family tree	record tree
Francesco Defranceschi	1840	—	Pula	S. Istria	Record index	record
Johanna / Giovanna Cleva (Defranceschi)	1840	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Bonetta De Franceschi	1841	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Household	record
Domenico Defranceschi	1841	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Stella Appolonia Defranceschi	1841	1841	Draguč	Not placed	Parish burial	record tree
Joannes Baptista Defranceschi	1842	1880	Gologorica · Gologorica, Pazin, Istria	Carnia	Read off the register · Born 19 June 1842, baptised on the 21st, at house 5 — and found in the strip at the foot of the page that this archive had been cropping off all day. Gologorica baptisms, folio 103 (M01069116): «Joannes Baptista* n. 19 huj.», of «Antonius Defranceschi»* and «Francisca nata Defranceschi»; godparents «Antonius Sestan* ac Joanna Ivich». (doc — DAPA* ZM34K-214.)* The pedigree already had 19 June 1842. *Verification, not discovery* — but this row had an empty note, and the date now has a register behind it. The day was read at magnification, past the edge of the cell. He is the eldest of the six children of this marriage the register has given today: Teresia (1843), Maria (1845), Leonardus (1847–1917), Rosa (1848–1899), Antonia (1849) and Antonius (1855–1913). His godfather Antonius Sestan is the man who married Joanna née Defranceschi the following February — so the two Defranceschi households of this village stood for each other before they were joined. *⚠ He may be the «Joannes Defranceschi»* who witnessed a paternity declaration on 30 December 1870.** A labourer of house 26 who could not write — «ego cum signo crucis signatus»* — declared before the priest that he was the father of the child being baptised, and two men witnessed it:* «Joannes Defranceschi» and «Franciscus Palman». (doc for the entry — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069150, folio 140.) The argument is age and absence. He was twenty-eight; this archive knows no other adult Joannes Defranceschi at Gologorica in 1870. *(inf — the register gives no patronymic and no house, and «no other one known»* is a reason to suspect, not to assert.)** The section tells what the role itself means.	tree
Johanna Defranceschi (Girardi)	1842	—	Laives, Bozen	Trentino	Family tree	tree
Maria Flegar (Defranceschi)	1842	1882	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Giuseppe Defranceschi	1843	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Maria Giuseppina Anna Defranceschi	1843	—	Split (Sv. Dujam) · Spalato, Dalmazia, Austria	Venice	Record index	record
Teresia Defranceschi	1843	1882	Gologorica	No place	Read off the register · *Born 14 November 1843, baptised on the 15th — where this archive had «about 1843».* Gologorica baptisms, folio 104 (M01069118): «9bris 15 · domus 5 · TERESIA* nata 14 hujus», of «Antonius Defranceschi»* and «Francisca»; godparents «Antonio Salamon et Maria soror», entered cives. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214.)* Her father is the Antonius of house 6 whom the 1826 census showed to be Leonardus's adopted nephew, not his son; by 1843 the household is numbered 5. Her mother is the Francisca who came «Ex Parochia Gallignanæ sub N.º 5» and married him on 29 January 1840. ✔ This archive held TWO rows for this one child — `teresia-defranceschi-1843` and `theresia-defranceschi-1843`, one spelt with an h. Resolved 5 October 2026 by marking the second `sameAs` this one, which is what twenty-nine other duplicate pairs in this roster already do: both addresses stay alive, neither id moves, and the count stops lying. The register names her TERESIA, without the h. ⭐ Her godfather's surname was TESTED before it was published, and it survives. This archive withdrew a «Salman»* reading four days earlier because the family proved to be* Palman. So the word here was set beside the same scribe's own «Franciscus Palman* sutor»* of 28 April 1841, at one magnification — the plate is published — and they are not the same word: a different initial, seven letters against six, and a medial a between the l and the m that Palman has nowhere. *The 1843 word is Salamon.* ⚠ That is a lead on the Salomon maternal line, not a connection to it. Tying Antonio Salamon to Gračišće is what would make it one, and nothing yet does. Worklist 174 carries the work.	tree
Theresia Defranceschi	1843	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · *Born 14 November 1843, baptised on the 15th — where this archive had «about 1843».* Gologorica baptisms, folio 104 (M01069118): «9bris 15 · domus 5 · TERESIA* nata 14 hujus», of «Antonius Defranceschi»* and «Francisca»; godparents «Antonio Salamon et Maria soror», entered cives. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214.)* Her father is the Antonius of house 6 whom the 1826 census showed to be Leonardus's adopted nephew, not his son; by 1843 the household is numbered 5. Her mother is the Francisca who came «Ex Parochia Gallignanæ sub N.º 5» and married him on 29 January 1840. ✔ RESOLVED 5 October 2026 — this row is marked `sameAs` the other one. This archive held two rows for one child, one spelt with an h. Neither is retired — a person id is minted once and frozen and a moved id is a dead URL — and the archive already had the answer: twenty-nine other rows carry a `sameAs` saying «this row and that row are one person». It needed no decision from David, only the precedent being noticed. The register names her TERESIA, without the h. ⭐ Her godfather's surname was TESTED before it was published, and it survives. This archive withdrew a «Salman»* reading four days earlier because the family proved to be* Palman. So the word here was set beside the same scribe's own «Franciscus Palman* sutor»* of 28 April 1841, at one magnification — the plate is published — and they are not the same word: a different initial, seven letters against six, and a medial a between the l and the m that Palman has nowhere. *The 1843 word is Salamon.* ⚠ That is a lead on the Salomon maternal line, not a connection to it. Tying Antonio Salamon to Gračišće is what would make it one, and nothing yet does. Worklist 174 carries the work.
Anna Maria Defranceschi	1844	1879	Pula · Poreč	Not placed	Parish burial	record tree
Arveneria Defranceschi	1844	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Household	record
Carolina Katharina Visentheiner (Defranceschi)	1844	1927	Tirol	Trentino	Family tree	record tree
Catarina Defranceschi	1844	1855	Ližnjan	S. Istria	Parish burial	record
Cattarina Defranceschithird cousin three times removed	1844	1855	Liznjan, Istra	S. Istria	Family tree	record tree
Lucia Defranceschi	1844	—	Plomin, Istria	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Vittorio Defranceschi	1844	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Record index	record
Giovanni Defranceschi	1845	1846	Ližnjan	S. Istria	Parish burial	record
Joanna Udovicic (Defranceschi)	1845	1925	Gologorica	Carnia	Family tree · *Documented and placed, 11 October 2026 — she came off the live MyHeritage tree with a year and nothing else, line «unknown».* Gologorica Status Animarum 1921, house 87: «Joanna ux. n. Udovičić», born «19 Novemb. 1845», confirmed «11 Maji 1857» — wife of «De Franceschi Aloisius, mercator». **She is the «Joanna nata Udovicic»* named as mother on her daughter Gisella's baptism in 1873.*** Her place is Gologorica and her line is carnia. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069915, Gologorica Status Animarum 1921, house 87; and the «Senes» list, M01069823.) --- ⭐⭐ Her wedding day, 11 October 2026: 25 November 1870, to Aloysius Defranceschi, mercator — given in the Matrimonii contracti column of the 1862 status animarum (M01069542), braced across the pair. ⚠ *That is the date this archive's tree had recorded as his death, and the confusion is now filed as a correction.* (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, Gologorica Status Animarum 1862.)	tree
Maria Defranceschi	1845	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · Born 18 July 1845, baptised on the 20th — and now with a register behind the date. Gologorica baptisms, folio 106 (M01069120), house 5: «Maria* nata 18 hujus», of «Antonius Defranceschi»* and «Francisca n. Defranceschi»; godparents «Franciscus Jurich et Teresia filia». (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214.)* This archive already held 18 July 1845 off the family tree. *Verification, not discovery* — but a tree date with a register behind it is a different thing from a tree date without one, and until today this row had an empty note. Her father is the Antonius whom the 1826 census showed to be Leonardus's adopted nephew; her mother's «n.» for nata is the form that settled Francisca as a marriage inside the name. Her elder sister is Teresia, born 14 November 1843.	tree
Victorius Defranceschi	1845	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Antonio Defranceschithird cousin three times removed	1846	1846	Ližnjan	S. Istria	Parish burial	record tree
Cattarina Defranceschi	1846	1933	Tomino, Haute-Corse	Corsica	Family tree	tree
Francesco Domenico Defranceschi	1846	—	Poreč	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Giovanni De Franceschi	1846	1916	Woodside, Queens County, New York, USA	Carnia	Headstone · Calvary Cemetery
Maria Defranceschi	1846	1846	Ližnjan	S. Istria	Parish burial	record
Paolo Defranceschi	1846	—	Poreč	Not placed	Record index	record
Paolo Francisco Domenico Defranceschififth cousin three times removed	1846	—	Poreč	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Paolo Fransčo Domčo Defranceschi	1846	—	Poreč · Poreč, Požeško-slavonska, Croazia	Not placed	Record index	record
Angelo Eustode Pietra Giovanni Nepomuceno Defranceschi	1847	—	Split (Sv. Dujam) · Spalato, Dalmazia, Austria	Venice	Record index	record
Leonardus Defranceschi	1847	1917	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · ⭐⭐ 11 October 2026 — he married twice, and the census marks the children of each. > Gologorica Status Animarum 1862 (M01069447): «Maria n. Flegar», n. 4 Apr 1842, *d. 28 Sept 1882; then* «Maria Udovičić · II. uxor», n. 28 Sept 1857, *m. 3 April 1883; then* «Antonius Leopoldus filius · ex II. votis», n. 29 Jan 1884. *Six months a widower.* The household is told here. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069447, Gologorica Status Animarum 1862.) --- Born 22 January 1847, baptised the 23rd — and his death written into the margin seventy years later. Gologorica baptisms, folio 108 (M01069122), house 5: «LEONARDUS* natus heri», of «Antonius Defranceschi»* and «Francisca nata Defranceschi»; and beneath the entry, in a twentieth-century hand, *«† 20.XII.1917». (doc — DAPA* ZM34K-214.)* This archive already held 1847–1917 off the family tree, with an empty note. *Verification, not discovery* — but both years are now exact days, and the second of them comes from a register keeper who went back to a seventy-year-old page to close it. His father is the Antonius whom the 1826 census showed to be Leonardus's adopted nephew — so he is named for the great-uncle who took his father in. His sisters are Teresia (1843) and Maria (1845).	tree
Maria Antonia Franceschi Raschich	1847	—	Postira, Spalato, Dalmazia, Austria	Venice	Household	record
Michiele Defranceschi	1847	—	Plomin, Istria	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Zaverio De Franceschi	1847	1924	Milan, Lombardia, Italy	Other	Headstone · Cimitero Monumentale di Milano
Antonio Defranceschithird cousin three times removed	1848	—	Liznjan, Istra	S. Istria	Family tree	tree
Antonius Defranceschi	1848	—	Pula	S. Istria	Record index	record
Domenico Matteo Defranceschi	1848	1884	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Rosa Defranceschi	1848	1899	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · Her name was wrong, and the register says so. This archive carried her from the family tree as *«Joanna Defranceschi, born 9 June 1848», daughter of Antonius and Francisca. The Gologorica baptism register, folio 109 (M01069123), house* 5, enters: > *«Junii 8ᵃ · ROSA nata heri»* — of «Antonius Defranceschi» and «Francisca nata Defranceschi»; godparents «Giovanni L— et Adelina Defranceschi», entered cives. *Born 7 June 1848, baptised the 8th.* (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214.)* One child, not two. A mother cannot bear children on the 7th and the 9th of one June, and no second entry stands near it. The tree's name and date are both out; the register is the document. The correction is published. ⭐ And a later hand closed her life on the same line: *«† 10/12 99»* — *died 10 December 1899, aged fifty-one, where this archive had no death year at all.* The id is kept and not moved — a moved id is a dead URL — so the address published under the wrong name still reaches the right woman. Her siblings: Teresia (1843), Maria (1845), Leonardus (1847–1917).
Antonia Defranceschi	1849	1850	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · *Born 23 December 1849, baptised on Christmas Eve — where this archive had «about 1849».* Gologorica baptisms, folio 110 (M01069124), house 5: «Antonia* nata heri», baptised* 24 December 1849, of «Antonius Defranceschi» and «Francisca nata Defranceschi». (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214.)* Her entry carries no marginal death, and that is not evidence she lived — the later keeper's sweep through this book is partial. This archive holds her death year as 1850 from the family tree; the burial register, barely opened, is what would confirm it. Her sisters are Teresia (1843), Maria (1845) and Rosa (1848–1899); her brother Leonardus (1847–1917). ⚠ Not to be confused with the Antonius born at house 2 on 4 June 1849 — that is a Sestan, son of Joanna née Defranceschi, baptised six months earlier in the same village. --- ⭐ 6 October 2026 — HER DEATH IS NO LONGER THE TREE'S. The burial register was opened, and she is in it. The paragraph above said this archive held her death year «from the family tree» and that «the burial register, barely opened» was where it would be settled. *It is settled.* > Gologorica deaths, image M01069273, page 88: «1850 Januarii 21°* · 53 · Antonia Defranceschi, agla, sepul. die 23° huj · dier. 28 · debilitas physica»* Died 21 January 1850, aged twenty-eight days, of physical weakness, buried on the 23rd. Born 23 December 1849, she was twenty-nine days old by the calendar — the register's ages are given to the day and are usually a day or two loose. The date matches what this archive already carried. (doc.) ⚠ AND THE HOUSE DOES NOT MATCH. Her baptism gives house 5; this entry gives 53. The number was checked against the whole house column of the page — 53, 47, 59, 13, 54, 30, 65, 17, 33, 7 — and it is two digits. *Whether the family moved, whether the child was being nursed elsewhere, or whether one of the two is a slip, this archive does not know and does not guess.* Logged.	tree
Carlo Francesco Andrea Defranceschi	1849	—	Rijeka · Fiume, Modrus-Fiume, Ungheria	Not placed	Record index	record
Catterina Franceschi	1849	—	Postira, Spalato, Dalmazia, Austria	Venice	Household
★Mariano de Franceschi	1849	—	Rome	Other	Namesake · Painting
Vincentia Elisabetha Defranceschi	1849	1930	Poreč	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Vittorio Giovanni Defranceschi	1849	—	Draguč · Pula	S. Istria	Family tree	record tree
Catterina Franceschi Raschich	1850	—	Postira, Spalato, Dalmazia, Austria	Venice	Household
Franciscus Defranceschi	1851	1884	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · Born 27 December 1851, baptised the next day, at house 6 — and found in the strip at the foot of the page that this archive had been cropping off all day. Gologorica baptisms, folio 112 (M01069126): «Decbris 28ᵃ* · domus 6 · FRANCISCUS natus heri», of «Antonius Defranceschi»* and «Francisca nata Defranceschi»; midwife «Dominica Flegar». (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214.)* *The pedigree had «about 1850».* It is a year and a half out, which is what an estimate is for. The pid keeps the year it was minted with — a moved id is a dead URL. ✔ And this archive held him twice. A second row, `franciscus-defranceschi-1851` (off MyHeritage), has the register's own birth year and a death of 1884. With no conflict between them — one had no death, the other no parents — they are marked `sameAs` and both addresses stay alive, as twenty-nine other pairs in this roster already do. ⚠ The death year of 1884 is the family tree's, not the register's. (inf.) His entry carries no marginal death, and a blank margin in this book is not evidence of a life.
Mattio Defranceschi	1850	1850	Liznjan, Istra	S. Istria	Family tree	record tree
Angelo Defranceschi	1851	—	Draguč · Pola, Italia	S. Istria	Household · Very likely the Angelo «da Fasana», 63, of via del Prato 6, Pola, 1914	record
Caterina DeFranceschi	1851	—	Italy	Other	Family tree	record tree
De Franceschi Edoardo, già Ufficiale	1851	1899	San Daniele del Friuli	Other	Parish burial
De Franceschi Pietro, muratore	1851	1895	San Daniele del Friuli	Other	Parish burial
Franciscus Defranceschi	1851	1884	Gologorica, Istra	Carnia	Family tree · The same person as Franciscus Defranceschi, the son of Antonius and Francisca whose baptism the Gologorica register gives: *born 27 December 1851, baptised the 28th, house 6* (DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069126, folio 112). This row came off MyHeritage with the right year and a death of 1884; the other came off the pedigree with «about 1850» and the parents. Neither is retired* — a moved id is a dead URL — and the* `sameAs` field says they are one man.	tree
Marie Jerome Defranceschi (Bastiani)	1851	—	Tomino, Haute-Corse	Corsica	Family tree	tree
Pietro Defranceschi	1851	1895	Paluzza, Udine	Carnia	Family tree	record tree
Elisabetta Urbani (Defranceschi)	1852	1883	Castelgomberto, Vicenza, Veneto	Other	Family tree	tree
Maria Antonia Defranceschi	1852	—	Österreich	No place	Family tree	record tree
Maria Defranceschi	1852	—	Plomin, Istria	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Maria Vojnic (Defranceschi)	1852	—	—	No place	Family tree	record tree
Antonio Franceschi	1853	—	Postira, Spalato, Dalmazia, Austria	Venice	Household	record
Antonius Defranceschi	1855	1913	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · *Born 3 February 1855, baptised the 5th — where the pedigree had «about 1853»* — and the margin gives his death.** Gologorica baptisms, folio 116 (M01069130), house 6: «Antonius* natus 3ᵃ hujus», of «Antonius Defranceschi»* and «Francisca nata Defranceschi»; godparents «Joannes Udovich et Sancta Sestan» — his aunt by marriage, the Defranceschi daughter of house 2, here under her married name. And beneath the entry, in a later hand, *«† 17.II.1913». (doc — DAPA* ZM34K-214.)* The pid keeps the year it was minted with. `antonius-defranceschi-1853` will read 1853 for ever, because a moved id is a dead URL; the row carries the register's date. ⚠ AND THIS ARCHIVE MAY HOLD HIM TWICE. A second row, `antonius-defranceschi-1855` (born 1855, died 1918, line «unknown», no place, off MyHeritage), now matches him on the birth year and *contradicts him on the death: 1918 against the register's 1913. They are not merged.* A five-year gap in a death year is the serious kind and means one side may be describing a different man. The worklist holds it; the burial register settles it.
Julius Defranceschi	1853	1854	Rovinj	Not placed	Parish burial	record tree
Maria-Francisca Ottochian (Defranceschi)	1853	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Giovanni Giuseppe Maria Franceschi	1854	—	Almissa, Spalato, Dalmazia, Austria	Venice	Household	record
Lucia Defranceschi (Sandalj)	—	1879	Liznjan, Istra	S. Istria	Family tree · Corrected 13 September 2026: the year 1854 was carried here as a birth year and cannot be one. She is the mother in the household «Paulus Damiani × Lucia Defranceschi» (1853–1855), so 1854 is the year she first appears in the record — the baptism of her eldest known child — not the year she was born. Her birth is unknown.	record tree
Antonius Defranceschi	1855	1918	—	No place	Family tree · ⚠ This row may be the same man as Antonius Defranceschi, born 3 February 1855, and may not. On 5 October 2026 the Gologorica baptism register gave a son of Antonius Defranceschi and Francisca born 3 February 1855, with *«† 17.II.1913»* in the margin. This row — imported from MyHeritage with no place, no parish and line «unknown» — has the same birth year and a death of 1918. *A five-year gap in a death year is the serious kind, and usually means one side is describing a different man of the same name in the same parish.* Nothing is merged on a matching birth year alone. The worklist holds it; the Gologorica death register — 91 frames on the same reel, barely opened — is what settles it.	tree
Franciscus Defranceschi	1855	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Giovanni Giuseppe Maria Franceschi	1855	1855	Almissa, Spalato, Dalmazia, Austria	Venice	Household	record
Catterina Carlutto (Defranceschi)	1856	—	Poreč	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Elena Anna Maria Franceschi	1856	—	Almissa, Spalato, Dalmazia, Austria	Venice	Household	record
Giulio Giuseppe Defranceschi	1856	1942	Rijeka · Fiume, Modrus-Fiume, Ungheria	Not placed	Record index · --- 29 September 2026 — his death, his trade, and where he died. > GIULIO fu CARLO — PITTORE ACCADEMICO — FIUME 1856 — MONCALVO 1942 Read 29 September 2026 from David's photographs of the family tomb at Gologorica. (doc.) «Pittore accademico» — an academic painter. This archive had him as born at Fiume in 1856 with no death and no occupation. The stone gives both: he was a painter, and he died in 1942, aged eighty-six. *⚠ «Moncalvo»* is Gologorica*, the Italian name of the village — not the town in Piedmont.* He died at home, and he is the one who set up Armella's cross: «ebbe qui lagrimata sepoltura — il marito Giulio».	record
Giuseppe Costante Defranceschi	1856	—	Telve, Trento	Trentino	Family tree	record tree
Euphemia Defranceschi	1857	1890	Pula	S. Istria	Parish burial	record
Giovanni Girolamo Andrea Felice Franceschi	1857	—	Almissa, Spalato, Dalmazia, Austria	Venice	Household	record
Maria Udovicic (Defranceschi)	1857	1944	Gologorica	Carnia	Family tree · ⭐ Placed and joined, 11 October 2026 — this row had an empty note and no family. She is the second wife of Leonardus Defranceschi, weaver: Gologorica Status Animarum 1862 (M01069447) enters her «Maria Udovičić · II. uxor», born 28 September 1857, married 3 April 1883 — six months after his first wife Maria née Flegar died on 28 September 1882. Her son Antonius Leopoldus is entered «ex II. votis». (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069447, Gologorica Status Animarum 1862.)	tree
Mathæus Defranceschi	1857	—	Ližnjan	S. Istria	Record index	record
Antonia Defranceschi	1858	—	Telve, Trento	Trentino	Family tree	record tree
Joannes Aloysius Defranceschi	1858	1858	Kaštelir	Not placed	Parish burial	record tree
Mattheus Defranceschi	1858	—	Liznjan, Istra	S. Istria	Family tree	tree
Rados Niccoló Maria Franceschi	1858	—	Almissa, Spalato, Dalmazia, Austria	Venice	Household	record
Virginia De Franceschi	1858	1876	Pula · Poreč	Not placed	Parish burial · --- 29 September 2026 — the tablet gives her both places. > VIRGINIA fu CARLO — FIUME 1858 — PARENZO 1876 Read 29 September 2026 from David's photographs of the family tomb at Gologorica. (doc.) Born at Fiume, died at Parenzo, aged eighteen. This record had her at Poreč — which is Parenzo, where she died — and not* that she was born at Fiume.* Her father Carlo was working there in those years, which is why three of his children carry three different birthplaces: Rovigno 1854, Fiume 1856, Fiume 1858, Parenzo 1864. The family moved with his posts, and the tomb records the route.	record
Virginia Lambertina Defranceschi	1858	—	Rijeka	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Emanuel Antonius Defranceschififth cousin three times removed	1859	—	Kaštelir	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Maria Defranceschi	1859	—	—	No place	Family tree	record tree
Emmanuel Defranceschi	1860	—	Vižinada	Not placed	Record index · On the two-parish reel 005497893 (Vižinada deaths + Vodnjan baptisms); which of the two is not yet resolved	record
Girolamo Franceschi	1860	1860	Almissa, Spalato, Dalmazia, Austria	Venice	Household	record
Robertus Franciscus Josephus Defranceschi	1869	1934	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · Born 21 November 1869 — nine years later than this archive had him — and the margin gives his death. Gologorica baptisms, folio 137 (M01069148), house 7: «1869* Decemb. 5ta · ROBERTUS FRANCISCUS JOSEPHUS die 21 Nov. natus», of «Franc. Defranceschi, possidens»* and «Clotildis nata Ortis»; and beneath, *«† 6/8 1934». (doc — DAPA* ZM34K-214.)* *Born 21 November 1869, baptised 5 December, died 6 August 1934, aged sixty-four.* The pedigree had 21 November 1860. The day and the month were exactly right and one digit of the year was not — which is what makes the correction safe rather than a judgement. It also untangles two children the archive had both standing in 1860: Anna Maria Francisca is the 1860 birth — 28 October, confirmed by the same register — and Robertus is 1869. The pid keeps the year it was minted with, because a moved id is a dead URL. ⭐ And his godfather is the village doctor. «ALBERTUS PESCHLE» — Dr Albertus Peschle, Doctor of Medicine, of Gologorica house 2 — *stands for a Defranceschi child, with* «Maria Defranceschi», the pair entered cives. A Peschle had married into this house in 1807; sixty-two years later a Peschle physician is still at its font.
Giuseppe Luigi Benedetto Maria Franceschi	1861	—	Almissa, Spalato, Dalmazia, Austria	Venice	Household	record
Anna Antonia Luigia Franceschi	1862	—	Almissa, Spalato, Dalmazia, Austria	Venice	Household	record
Antonio Francesco Defranceschi	1862	—	Telve, Trento	Trentino	Family tree	record tree
Clementina Octavia Maria Defranceschi	1862	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Gologorica pedigree
Giovanna Carlotta Defranceschi	1862	—	Telve, Trento	Trentino	Family tree	record tree
Ivan Defranceschi	1862	—	Split-Veli Varoš	Venice	Record index	record
Josephus Defranceschi	1862	1870	Kaštelir	Not placed	Parish burial · The tree and this archive disagree about the birth year by 1 year, and the death year agrees. Tree 1886, here 1887. That is what an age produces. A record giving «aged N» rather than a date yields a birth year that depends on whether the birthday had passed, so the two are one year of arithmetic apart, not one of evidence. This archive keeps its own figure, which came off the register; the tree's is recorded so the difference is visible rather than silently resolved. (20 Sept 2026.)	record tree
Niccolo Franceschi	1862	1862	Almissa, Spalato, Dalmazia, Austria	Venice	Household	record
Niccolò Pasquale Maria Franceschi	1862	—	Almissa, Spalato, Dalmazia, Austria	Venice	Household	record
Victor Josephus Defranceschi	1862	1866	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · Born 22 April 1862, baptised on the 27th, at house 7. Gologorica baptisms, folio 123 (M01069137): «VICTOR JOSEPHUS* natus 22 Aprilis», of «Franciscus Xav. Defranceschi, POSSESSOR»* and «Clotildis Ortis»; godparents «Natalis Stefanovich» and «Maria Defranceschi», both cives; baptised by Blasius Zwölber, Administrator. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214.)* This archive held the year off the pedigree and nothing else. House 7 is the number the 1826 census gives his grandfather Josephus — the same house as his sister Anna Maria Francisca, baptised there eighteen months before. ⚠ His father is entered «possessor» — a holder of property, where this family is elsewhere civis. One word on one line is not an estate, and nothing is built on it. ⚠ A bare dagger stands above his name with no date beside it. The later keeper's sweep through this book is partial and an undated cross says only that somebody meant to come back. --- ⭐ 6 October 2026 — and now the other end of him. > Gologorica deaths, image M01069284, page 109: «1866 Septemb. 11* · 7 · Victor Josephus Defranceschi, cives, sep. die 12. Sep. · 4 ann · Typhus»* Dead at four, of typhus, at house 7, buried the next day. This archive held the day already; the walk of the death register adds the cause and the «cives». (doc.) ⚠ Typhus is in this book three times in four years — a man of 27 in October 1863, a boy of 15 in January 1865, and this child. *Not an epidemic on the register's own evidence, but a presence* — and it took the one Defranceschi of his generation at house 7.
Alessandro Paolo Pietro Maria Franceschi	1863	—	Almissa, Spalato, Dalmazia, Austria	Venice	Household
Amalia Lambertina Defranceschi	1863	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Gologorica pedigree
Euphemia Defranceschi	1863	—	—	No place	Family tree	record tree
Josip Defranceschi	1863	1951	Gračišće → Crikvenica	Carnia	Direct line
Lorenzo Defranceschi	1863	—	—	No place	Family tree	record tree
Maria Defranceschi (Perkovic)	—	—	—	No place	Family tree · Corrected 13 September 2026: the year 1864 was carried here as a birth year and cannot be one. She is the mother in the household «Joseph Dobrez × Maria Defranceschi» (1852–1867), so 1864 is the year she first appears in the record — the baptism of her eldest known child — not the year she was born. Her birth is unknown.	record tree
Anna Defranceschi (Voran)	—	—	—	No place	Family tree · Corrected 13 September 2026: the year 1865 was carried here as a birth year and cannot be one. She is the mother in the household «Giovanni Defranceschi × Anna Defranceschi» (1857–1865), so 1865 is the year she first appears in the record — the baptism of her eldest known child — not the year she was born. Her birth is unknown.	record tree
Cattarina Defranceschi	1865	—	Telve, Trento	Trentino	Family tree	record tree
Beatrix Hermengildis Defranceschi	1865	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · She was a daughter, and this archive had her as a son. Gologorica baptisms, folio 128 (M01069142), house 7: «1865 Aprilis 23ᵗⁱᵃ · BEATRIX HERMENGILDIS* n. 10 Apr.», of «Franciscus Defranceschi, Possidens»* and «Clotilde n. Ortis»; godparents «Luigi Ortis» and «Ermina Marina», entered cives; midwife «Joanna Crismanich». *The Sexus column marks her female.* (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214.)* *Born 10 April 1865, baptised on the 23rd.* The date this archive held was right; the name and the sex were not. The correction is published. ✔ And it joins two rows. A second row, `beatrix-hermenegildis-de-franceschi-1865`, came off David's live MyHeritage tree with the right name and no place, filed «unplaced». The register has both halves: her full name and her household. Marked `sameAs` — neither retired, both addresses alive, as the archive's own precedent does.* The pid keeps the masculine form it was minted with. `hermenegildus-defranceschi-1865` will read so for ever, because a moved id is a dead URL; only the id remembers the error.
Maria Defranceschi	1865	—	Telve, Trento	Trentino	Family tree	record tree
Antonio Emannele Maria Franceschi	1866	—	Almissa, Spalato, Dalmazia, Austria	Venice	Household	record
Eleonora Clotildis Maria Defranceschi	1866	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Gologorica pedigree
Giovanni Alessandro Defranceschi	1866	—	Telve, Trento	Trentino	Family tree	record tree
Julius Defranceschi	1866	1870	Tar	Other	Family tree	record tree
Lamberta Defranceschi	1866	1867	Pula · Poreč	Not placed	Parish burial	record
Maria Theresia Franceschi	1866	—	Austria	No place	Household
Agatha Defranceschi	—	1867	Ližnjan	S. Istria	Parish burial	record
Aurelia Augusta Defranceschi	1867	1867	Pula · Poreč	Not placed	Parish burial	record
Caterina Iacobelli De Franceschi	1867	1963	Rome, Lazio, Italy	Other	Headstone · Cimitero Comunale Monumentale Campo Verano
Joannes Franceschi	1867	—	Austria	No place	Household
Victorius-Joseph Defranceschi	1867	—	—	No place	Family tree	record tree
Vincenzo Camillo Pietro Franceschi	1867	—	Almissa, Spalato, Dalmazia, Austria	Venice	Household
★Camillo De Franceschi	1868	1953	Gologorica	Carnia	Biography · Historian, Archivist, Irredentist
★Camillo De Franceschi, in Croatian	1868	1953	Pazin	Not placed	Namesake · History
Camillo Romano Defranceschi	1868	—	Poreč · Poreč, Požeško-slavonska, Croazia	Not placed	Record index	record
Catharina Defranceschi	1868	—	Kaštelir, Istra	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Clotildis Adelaidis Defranceschi	1868	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · They are TWINS, and the register says which came first. Gologorica baptisms, folio 134 (M01069147), house 7 — two consecutive entries, both «1868 Maji 31ma», both of «Franciscus Defranceschi, possidens» and «Clotildis nata Ortis», midwife «Matthæa Stojsich»: > «MARIA HENRICA* die 5 A[prilis] *PRIUS NATA» > «CLOTILDIS ADELAIDIS* die 5 Aprilis nata»* Prius nata — born earlier. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214.) Born 5 April 1868, baptised 31 May — fifty-six days, the longest gap this family shows; Maria Henrica's entry adds «praesentata», the word used when a child was baptised privately at birth and later brought for the ceremonies. (That one word is offered, not leaned on.)* This archive held both dates and no idea they belonged to one morning: two rows with one date is as likely to be a copying error as a twin birth. ⭐ And she is named for her godmother. Her godparents are «Henricus Defranceschi» and «ADELAIDIS DEFRANCESCHI», the pair entered possidentes — the brother and sister whose «et soror»* entries of 1847 and 1852 placed Adelaidis in this family only this afternoon.* *Her uncle and her aunt stand at her font and she carries her aunt's name.* The younger twin; her sister is Maria Henrica. --- ⭐ Married 11 October 1890 — a marriage this row did not have. > Gologorica Status Animarum 1862, house 4 (M01069440): Matrimonii «11. Oct. 1890» · «za Rud. Star.» — *to Rud[—] Star[—]; Adnotatio* «u Keršanu» — Kršan. ⚠ *Truncated by the column; a lead, not an identification.* ✔ The same opening braces her and Maria Henrica as «gemini» — *corroboration of the twin birth, not discovery: the baptism register had already given it, and better, with* «prius nata». The household is told here. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069440, Gologorica Status Animarum 1862, house 4.)
Domenica Defranceschi	1868	1878	Pula · Poreč	Not placed	Parish burial	record
Domenica Elisabettha Defranceschi	1868	1878	Poreč	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Domenica Francisca Clagnan (Defranceschi)	1868	—	—	No place	Family tree	record tree
Dominico Andres Defranceschi	1868	1886	Laives, Bozen	Trentino	Family tree	tree
Maria Henrica Defranceschi	1868	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · They are TWINS, and the register says which came first. Gologorica baptisms, folio 134 (M01069147), house 7 — two consecutive entries, both «1868 Maji 31ma», both of «Franciscus Defranceschi, possidens» and «Clotildis nata Ortis», midwife «Matthæa Stojsich»: > «MARIA HENRICA* die 5 A[prilis] *PRIUS NATA» > «CLOTILDIS ADELAIDIS* die 5 Aprilis nata»* Prius nata — born earlier. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214.) Born 5 April 1868, baptised 31 May — fifty-six days, the longest gap this family shows; Maria Henrica's entry adds «praesentata», the word used when a child was baptised privately at birth and later brought for the ceremonies. (That one word is offered, not leaned on.)* This archive held both dates and no idea they belonged to one morning: two rows with one date is as likely to be a copying error as a twin birth. ⭐ She is named for her godfather. «Henricus Defranceschi» stands for her, with «Maria Nazinavich» — Enrichus Jacobus, born 11 March 1830, her father's brother. *The elder twin.* Her sister is Clotildis Adelaidis.
Maria Maddalena DeFranceschi Bordonzotti	1868	1903	Lestans, Sequals, Udine	Other	Family tree	tree
Vittoria Maria Defranceschi	1868	—	Telve, Trento	Trentino	Family tree	record tree
Catharina Defranceschi (Kostessich)grandfather's great-aunt	1869	—	Gracisce, Istra	Carnia	Family tree	record tree
Giovanni Defranceschi	1869	—	Pula	S. Istria	Record index	record
Giovanni / Joannes Baptista Defranceschifourth cousin four times removed	1869	—	Pula	S. Istria	Family tree	record tree
Giulio Franceschi	1869	1869	Almissa, Spalato, Dalmazia, Austria	Venice	Household
Giulio Michele Maria Franceschi	1869	—	Almissa, Spalato, Dalmazia, Austria	Venice	Household
Joannes Baptista Defranceschi	1869	—	Pula	S. Istria	Record index	record
Andreas Babtist Defranceschi	1870	1893	Laives, Bozen	Trentino	Family tree	tree
Pasquina Giovanna Figoni (Defranceschi)	—	1870	—	No place	Family tree	record tree
Angela Maria Sibilia (Defranceschi)	1871	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Elvira Carlotta Defranceschi	1871	—	Telve, Trento	Trentino	Family tree	record tree
Giovanni Defranceschi	1871	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Giulio Maria Franceschi	1871	—	Almissa, Spalato, Dalmazia, Austria	Venice	Household	record
Joannes Defranceschi	1871	1872	Ližnjan	S. Istria	Parish burial	record tree
Marco Giuseppe Franceschi	1871	—	Almissa, Spalato, Dalmazia, Austria	Venice	Household
Maria Defranceschi	1871	—	Gologorica, Istra	Carnia	Family tree	tree
Maria Zanetti (Defranceschi)	1871	—	Telve, Trentin	Trentino	Family tree	record tree
Victor Richardus Defranceschi	1871	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · Born 15 June 1871, baptised 2 July, at house 7 — and an Italian state office rewrote his surname forty-nine years later. Gologorica baptisms, folio 142 (M01069152, the exposure with the pasted slip folded back): «[domus] 7 · VICTOR RICHARDUS die 15. Junii natus», of «Franciscus Defranceschi, possidens» and «Clotilde nata Ortis»; godparents Jodocus and Angelica Baxa. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214.) The pedigree already had 15 June 1871; the baptism, the house and the godparents are new.* ⭐ AND HIS IS THE ENTRY THE 1920 RULING IS ABOUT. A typewritten slip is pasted across his baptism, and his own entry carries *«vide … sub 30 protocoll.»* in the margin, pointing at it: > «Giusta lettera del Commissariato Gen. Civ. per la Venezia Giulia dd 10/12 1920 N. 1x-4411/563 la grafia originale del cognome di questo battezzato è “de Franceschi”, ciò che risulta dalla fede di nascita del suo proavo LEONARDO DE FRANCESCHI nato a LUINCIO dd. 23/6 1626.» *An Italian office, settling how his surname was to be written, cited a birth certificate of 1626 from Carnia.* He was forty-nine and newly an Italian subject. What the act is worth, and the four things it is not — and worklist 179, which now has two addresses: the act itself and the Gorto register at Luincis.
Anna Maria Defranceschi	1872	—	Kaštelir	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Elisabetta Defranceschi	1872	1875	Pula · Poreč	Not placed	Parish burial	record
Francisca Defranceschi	1872	1877	Pula	S. Istria	Parish burial	record
Giovanni Maria Cesare Defranceschi	1872	—	Telve, Trento	Trentino	Family tree	record tree
Maria Defranceschi	1872	1873	Kaštelir	Not placed	Parish burial	record
Michele Angelo DeFranceschi	1872	1943	Castelgomberto, Vicenza	Other	Family tree	tree
Pietro Bernardo Franceschi	1872	—	Almissa, Spalato, Dalmazia, Austria	Venice	Household	record
Sylvia Helena Defranceschi	1872	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · Born 16 December 1872, baptised 16 February 1873, at house 7. Gologorica baptisms, folio 147 (M01069154): «SYLVIA HELENA* die 16 Dec. nata 1872», of «Franciscus Defranceschi, possidens»* and «Clotildis nata Ortis»; godparents «Eduardo Ortis» and «Luigia Ortis» — her mother's people. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214.) The pedigree already had 16 December 1872 and the register agrees to the day. Verification; the baptism, the house and the godparents are new, and this row had an empty note.
Ana Defranceschithird cousin three times removed	1873	1946	Liznjan, Istra	S. Istria	Family tree	tree
Feliciano Maria Franceschi	1873	1874	Almissa, Spalato, Dalmazia, Austria	Venice	Household	record
Genoeffa Maria Franceschi	1873	—	Almissa, Spalato, Dalmazia, Austria	Venice	Household	record
Luigi “Louis” DeFranceschi	1873	1950	Washington, District of Columbia, USA	Abroad	Headstone · Saint Marys Catholic Cemetery
Maria Felicita Elisabetta Franceschi	1873	—	Almissa, Spalato, Dalmazia, Austria	Venice	Household	record
Maria Karoline Defranceschi	1873	1873	Laives, Bozen	Trentino	Family tree	tree
Paolo Franceschi	1873	1883	Almissa, Spalato, Dalmazia, Austria	Venice	Household	record
Paolo Maria Franceschi	1873	—	Almissa, Spalato, Dalmazia, Austria	Venice	Household	record
Riccardo Feligiano Maria Franceschi	1873	—	Almissa, Spalato, Dalmazia, Austria	Venice	Household	record
Virginia Defranceschi	1873	1874	Gologorica	No place	Read off the register · A tree row with two years, no place and no note — and now a register entry. > Gologorica deaths, image M01069291, page 123: «1874 Septemb. 12* · 6 · Virginia Defranceschi, agla, sepulta die 14. h. · 1 anni · Hydropisia»* Died 12 September 1874, aged one, of dropsy, buried on the 14th — at Gologorica, house 6. The archive had her only from the family tree, with no place at all. (doc.) ⚠ And the house is the interesting part. House 6 is where Mathaea Defranceschi died in 1858 — and it was demonstrably the Deprato house in 1801, 1809 and 1817. A second Defranceschi dying there sixteen years after the first makes the «house changed hands»* reading much the strongest.* *⚠ She is «agla»* — agricola.** The Defranceschi of house 7 are «civis» and «possidens» in this same book. *Two households of the name in one village, at different standings* — which is a thing to hold in mind before treating «a Defranceschi» as one family.*	tree
Antonio de Franceschi	1874	1948	Omiš	Venice	Omiš chart · posjednik; wife Antica Radišić
Antonio Stefano Franceschi	1874	—	Almissa, Spalato, Dalmazia, Austria	Venice	Household
Dominika Karolina defranceschi (Hafner)	1874	1905	Tirol	Trentino	Family tree	record tree
Franciscus Carolus Natalis Defranceschi	1874	1942	Gologorica · Trieste	Not placed	Read off the register · Born 6 October 1874, baptised the 11th — and CARLO DE FRANCESCHI stood godfather. Gologorica baptisms, folio 150 (M01069156), house 11: «FRANCISCUS CAROLUS NATALIS* die 6. Octob. natus», of «Franciscus Defranceschi, possidens»* and «Clotildis nata Ortis»; godparents «CARLO DEFRANCESCHI» and «Natale Stipanich», entered cives. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214.)* *He carries both godparents' names* — Carolus for Carlo, his father's brother, who was six days short of sixty-five; Natalis* for Natale Stipanich.* The archive has Carlo's writings, his letter, his book and his grave. This is the first time it has him in his own village's register doing an ordinary family thing. ⭐ And the margin gives his death: *«† Tergeste 17-2-1942»* — *died at Trieste, 17 February 1942, where this archive held only the year.* ⚠ A second copy of the 1920 Commissariato ruling on the family surname is written out by hand at the foot of his page — the same act that is pasted in type over his brother Victor Richardus's entry. The signature is clearer here: «Avv. Mellone».
Matteo Defranceschi	1874	1875	Pula · Poreč	Not placed	Parish burial	record
Matthaeus Matteo Nicolaus Defranceschi	1874	1875	Poreč	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Natale Tommaso Franceschi	1874	—	Almissa, Spalato, Dalmazia, Austria	Venice	Household	record
Vincenzo Giovanni Defranceschi	1874	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Anastasia Defranceschifourth cousin twice removed	1875	1875	Liznjan, Istra	S. Istria	undefined · ⭐⭐ A TWIN, documented 12 October 2026 — and the archive did not know she was one. She was one of seventeen Ližnjan people resting on the family tree and no document at all, carrying nothing but «1875–1875». Ližnjan «Liber Defunctorum», page 67, entries 5 and 6 of 1875 — and the scribe wrote them as *one entry with a brace, the parents and the priest written once across both rows:* > «mortua die 22 Febr., sepulta die 23 ejusdem, 1875» — house 61 — «Anastasia» and «Maria», of «Gregorii Defranceschi» and «Mariæ Vojnić», *agr.* Both rows carry the same two figures: «nat. 20/2 75» — born 20 February 1875 — and an age of «dies 3». Cause for both: «ordin.». Buried by D. Gregorius Smak, parochus. *Born on the same day, dead on the same day, buried on the same day, braced together on the page: they were twins.* The archive held them as two unrelated children who happened to share a year. ⚠ The arithmetic, left as the register wrote it. Born the 20th and dead the 22nd is two days; the scribe put «dies 3» against each. He may have counted inclusively, or counted to the burial on the 23rd. The register's own figure is recorded rather than quietly corrected to fit. The date format is confirmed on the same page, not assumed: entry 4, two rows above, reads «nat. 2/5 851» against a man whose age is given as «ann. 23, m. 8, d. 26» — born 2 May 1851, which only works as day/month/year. Waypoint `9R2Z-4WG`, frame 37. (doc — the burial register of the parish, read at the page.)	record tree
Anna Maria Defranceschi	1875	—	Telve, Trento	Trentino	Family tree	record tree
Davide De Franceschi	1875	1926	Santa Maria di Sala, Venezia, Veneto, Italy	Venice	Headstone · Cimitero di Santa Maria di Sala The tree and this archive disagree about the birth year by 1 year, and the death year agrees. Tree 1876, here 1875. That is what an age produces. A record giving «aged N» rather than a date yields a birth year that depends on whether the birthday had passed, so the two are one year of arithmetic apart, not one of evidence. This archive keeps its own figure, which came off the register; the tree's is recorded so the difference is visible rather than silently resolved. (20 Sept 2026.)
Francesco Luigi Defranceschi	1875	—	Telve, Trento	Trentino	Family tree	tree
Giovanni Francesco Maria Franceschi	1875	—	Almissa, Spalato, Dalmazia, Austria	Venice	Household	record
Joannes Defranceschi	1875	1875	Ližnjan, Istra	S. Istria	undefined · ⭐⭐ READ ON THE PAGE, 12 October 2026 — and the register names his mother and no father. Ližnjan «Liber Defunctorum», page 68, entry 10 of 1875, house 71, Anagr. II. 2: > «Mortuus die 19 Sept., Sepult. 21 ejusdem, 1875» · «Joannes fil. Justinæ Defranceschi» · cathol., mascul., «dies 22» · «nat. 28/8 75» · «ordinaria» · D. G. Smak, parochus *Born 28 August 1875, dead 19 September, buried the 21st, aged twenty-two days.* Born the 28th and dead the 19th is twenty-two days, and the register's own figure agrees. ⚠ THE ENTRY NAMES HIS MOTHER AND NO FATHER — «fil.* Justinæ Defranceschi». Every other entry on the opening names both parents:* «filia Antonii et Antoniæ Fedel», «filia Joannis et Luciæ Perković nata Josephi Klunić», «filia Antonii et Annæ Fedel». *That contrast is what the register says; nothing beyond it is asserted here.* The death register of this parish carries no legitimacy column — the baptism register does — so the only evidence is the shape of the entry itself. ⚠ His mother is NOT Magdalena Justina, who was born in 1879, four years after this child died. A second Justina Defranceschi stood at Ližnjan in 1875, and this archive holds no record of her. He is the third child of the name buried at Ližnjan in 1875 — the twins Maria and Anastasia went together on 22 February, and he followed in September. Waypoint `9R2Z-4WG`, frame 38. (doc — the burial register of the parish, read at the page.)	record tree
Lambertina Lina Defranceschi	1876	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · ⭐⭐ CORRECTED 11 October 2026 — born 23 February 1876. The census gave the year the baptism withheld. > Gologorica Status Animarum 1862, house 4 (M01069440), last of fourteen children: «Lambertina, Lina* · *23. Febr. 1876» Read at seven times magnification against the same clerk's «1872» and «1868» two rows below: the final digit is the closed bowl of a 6. *The contextual reading set out below was right and the tree's 1875 is withdrawn.* The correction is filed and the household is told here. --- Baptised 29 June 1876 — and the register does not say which year she was born. Gologorica baptisms, folio 155 (M01069158), house 2: «LAMBERTINA LINA* die 23. Februarii nata», of «Franciscus De[franceschi], possidens»* and «Clotildis nata Ortis»; midwife «Sancta Sestan». (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214.)* ⚠ The entry gives the day and the month and no year. Read in its own context the birth would be 23 February 1876, four months before the font. This archive holds 1875, which would make it sixteen. *Neither is changed and the gap is left visible, because the entry does not settle it and this archive has spent the day learning what happens when a year is assumed.* Her name is her great-grandmother's — Lambertina née Peschle, who married into this house in 1807. --- ⭐ HER MARRIAGE, 11 October 2026. Gologorica Status Animarum 1894 (M01069687): «Celentich Josephus», *ludimagister, with* «Lambertina Lina n. Defranceschi», and daughters Gemma Maria and Alice Clotildis Carolina. ⚠ No date of marriage is given. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, Gologorica Status Animarum 1894.)
Maria Defranceschi	1875	1875	Liznjan, Istra	S. Istria	undefined · ⭐⭐ A TWIN, documented 12 October 2026 — and the archive did not know she was one. She was one of seventeen Ližnjan people resting on the family tree and no document at all, carrying nothing but «1875–1875». Ližnjan «Liber Defunctorum», page 67, entries 5 and 6 of 1875 — and the scribe wrote them as *one entry with a brace, the parents and the priest written once across both rows:* > «mortua die 22 Febr., sepulta die 23 ejusdem, 1875» — house 61 — «Maria» and «Anastasia», of «Gregorii Defranceschi» and «Mariæ Vojnić», *agr.* Both rows carry the same two figures: «nat. 20/2 75» — born 20 February 1875 — and an age of «dies 3». Cause for both: «ordin.». Buried by D. Gregorius Smak, parochus. *Born on the same day, dead on the same day, buried on the same day, braced together on the page: they were twins.* The archive held them as two unrelated children who happened to share a year. ⚠ The arithmetic, left as the register wrote it. Born the 20th and dead the 22nd is two days; the scribe put «dies 3» against each. He may have counted inclusively, or counted to the burial on the 23rd. The register's own figure is recorded rather than quietly corrected to fit. The date format is confirmed on the same page, not assumed: entry 4, two rows above, reads «nat. 2/5 851» against a man whose age is given as «ann. 23, m. 8, d. 26» — born 2 May 1851, which only works as day/month/year. Waypoint `9R2Z-4WG`, frame 37. (doc — the burial register of the parish, read at the page.)	record tree
Anastasia Defranceschifourth cousin twice removed	1876	—	Liznjan, Istra	S. Istria	Family tree	record tree
Carlo Maria Franceschi	1876	1876	Almissa, Spalato, Dalmazia, Austria	Venice	Household
Franz Giovanni Maria Defranceschi	1876	1939	Laives, Bozen	Trentino	Family tree	tree
Giovanni Defranceschi	1876	1934	Connecticut	Abroad	Family tree	record tree
Giovanni “John” DeFranceschi	1876	1934	Torrington, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA	Abroad	Headstone · New Saint Francis Cemetery
Joannes Alloysius Defranceschi	1876	1898	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Joannes Aloysius Defranceschi	1876	1898	Gologorica	Carnia	Gologorica pedigree
Maria Defranceschi	1876	—	Kaštelir	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Maria Rossi (Defranceschi)	1876	—	Italy	Other	Family tree	tree
Oreste De Franceschi	1876	1954	Rome, Lazio, Italy	Other	Headstone · Cimitero Comunale Monumentale Campo Verano
Stana Defranceschi (Vojnic)fourth cousin twice removed	1876	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Giorgio Franceschi	1877	—	Almissa, Spalato, Dalmazia, Austria	Venice	Household	record
Luigi Defranceschi	1877	—	Pasian di Prato, Udine	Other	Family tree	record tree
Orsola Maria Luigia Defranceschi	1877	—	Telve, Trento	Trentino	Family tree	record tree
Amalia Dominica Defranceschi	1878	—	Laives, Bozen	Trentino	Family tree	tree
Maria DeFranceschi	1878	1925	Torrington, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA	Abroad	Headstone · New Saint Francis Cemetery	record tree
Maria Ersilia Defranceschi	1878	1914	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Augusto De Franceschi	1879	1950	Padova, Veneto, Italy	Other	Headstone · Cimitero di Montà
Ernestus Victor Defranceschi	1879	1890	Gologorica	Carnia	Family tree · *⭐ Given parents, 11 October 2026 — this row had an empty note and a line of «unknown».* > Gologorica Status Animarum 1862 (M01069446): «Ernestus Victor eor. filius» · n. 4. Febr. 1879 · d. 8. Febr. 1890 Son of Joannes Baptista Defranceschi (1842–1880) and Ruža née Salamon — *her first marriage, of three to three brothers. He was eighteen months old when his father died and eleven when he died himself.* Told here. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069446, Gologorica Status Animarum 1862.)	tree
Giuseppe Pietro Franceschi	1879	—	Almissa, Spalato, Dalmazia, Austria	Venice	Household
Julius Frane Joseph Defranceschi	1879	—	Rijeka · Vitipolis, Modrus-Fiume, Magyarország	Not placed	Record index	record
Maria Giuseppina Franceschi	1879	—	Almissa, Spalato, Dalmazia, Austria	Venice	Household	record
Pietro Francesco Defranceschi	1879	—	Telve, Trento	Trentino	Family tree	record tree
Teresia Defranceschi	1879	1880	Gologorica · Gologorica, Istra	Carnia	Read off the register · Born 17 March 1879, baptised the 22nd, at house 6 — daughter of a weaver. Gologorica baptisms, folio 162 (M01069162): «THERESIA* die 17. h. nata», of «LEONARDUS DEFRANCESCHI, textor»* and «Maria nata Flegar»; godparents «Joannes Udovicic» and «Rosa Sestan». (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214.)* *Her father is Leonardus Defranceschi, born 22 January 1847 and dead 20 December 1917* — whose own baptism and death this archive documented earlier the same day. Her brother is Joannes Aloysius, born 4 November 1876; her sister Carola, born 22 March 1875. A household this archive did not have.	tree
Anna Maria Francisca Defranceschi	1860	1941	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · Corrected 13 September 2026. This row carried «b. 1880», which cannot be right: the register has her as the mother of three children baptised in 1881, 1883 and 1887. This site's own Gologorica page has had the true dates all along — born at Gologorica 28 October 1860, married a Domazetovich, died at Trieste 22 June 1941 — and the roster was never reconciled to it. The register now places those children at Kršan: «Georgia Francisca» 1881, «Maria Concepta Dorina Cora» 1883 and «Silvia Maria Marcelis» 1887, to Thomas Joachimus Clemens de Domazetovich — a name the index spells four different ways across the three entries. A second De Franceschi woman, Clotildis Adelaidis, marries Rudolfus Stanislaus de Domazetovich in the same parish, with children in 1893 and 1894. ⭐ 5 October 2026 — her baptism found, and it confirms both ends of the correction. Gologorica baptisms, folio 121 (M01069135), house 7: «1860. 9bris 4ᵃ · ANNA-MARIA FRANCISCA* nata 28 8bris», of «Franciscus Defranceschi, civis»* and «Clotildis Ortis»; midwife «Catharina Cattenar». Above the entry, in a later hand, *«† Tergesti 22-6-1941». (doc — DAPA* ZM34K-214.)* *Born 28 October 1860, baptised 4 November; died at Trieste 22 June 1941.* Both dates this archive already held from elsewhere; the register agrees with both to the day. Verification, not discovery — and the roster year of «1880»* that was corrected on 13 September is now wrong on paper as well as in argument.* ⭐ Her godfather was a Peschle, and he was not in the village. «ANSELMUS PESCHLE* … per procuratorem»* — by proxy — with «Beatrice Ortis», both cives. What that is worth, and what it is not.
Anna Panella De Franceschi	1880	1951	Rome, Lazio, Italy	Other	Headstone · Cimitero Comunale Monumentale Campo Verano
Maria Luigia Defranceschi	1880	1909	Gračišće, Istria	Carnia	Family tree · ⚠⚠ TWO ROWS, ONE WOMAN — joined 11 October 2026, and the duplicate was mine. This archive carries her twice: `maria-luigia-defranceschi-1880` («Maria Luigia», b. 1880, d. 1909, «Gračišće, Istria», off the MyHeritage tree, empty note) and `maria-luizia-defranceschi-1880` («Maria Aloysia», minted from the register on 11 October). *I minted the second without checking for the first, which is the one thing this archive's rules ask first.* ✔ They are the same woman, and the two sources corroborate each other. The 1862 book enters her «nata a Gollignana» — born at Gračišće on 12 September 1880, three days after her father Joannes Baptista died — and the tree, which knew nothing of that register, places her at Gračišće. The tree adds a death of 1909. ⚠ On the name, both forms are right. «Luigia» is the Italian of «Aloysia», and the books write each — «Maria, Luigia» in the 1894 census, «Maria-Aloysia» in the 1862 recap, «Maria Luizia» in the cramped household entry. No form is preferred.* *Both ids are kept and frozen; neither is merged away, and this note is the join.* Told here.	tree
Bortolo Defranceschi	1881	1952	Castelgomberto, Vicenza, Veneto	Other	Family tree	record tree
Pietro Leone Maria Defranceschi	1881	—	Telve, Trento	Trentino	Family tree	record tree
Teresa Defranceschi	1881	—	Rivolta d'Adda, Cremona, Lombardy	Other	Family tree	record tree
Bartolo DeFranceschi	1882	1952	Torrington, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA	Abroad	Headstone · New Saint Francis Cemetery	record tree
Maria Defranceschi	1882	—	Liznjan, Istra	S. Istria	Family tree	record tree
Paolo Vincenzo Martino De Franceschi	1882	1882	Laterza, Taranto	Other	Family tree	record tree
Teresa Fior DeFranceschi	1882	1955	Washington, District of Columbia, USA	Abroad	Headstone · Saint Marys Catholic Cemetery
Aloysius Arturius Defranceschi	1883	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Family tree · *Documented and placed, 11 October 2026 — he came off the live MyHeritage tree with a year and nothing else, line «unknown».* Gologorica Status Animarum 1921, house 87: «Aloisius filius», born «14 Maji 1883» — son of «De Franceschi Aloisius, mercator» and «Joanna n. Udovičić», and so Gisella Elvira's brother. ✔ He is the «Aloysius» whose daughters Norina and Elda are entered in the same house as «fil. Aloysii». Place Gologorica, line carnia. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069915, Gologorica Status Animarum 1921, house 87; and the «Senes» list, M01069823.) --- ⭐⭐ HIS WIFE, 11 October 2026. Gologorica Status Animarum 1894 (M01069671): «Defranceschi Aloysius, mercator» with «Albina ux. n. Lovrinović», and their daughters «Norina» and «Elda-Maria». **That confirms the inference made yesterday: the «Aloysius»* whose daughters Norina and Elda are entered «fil. Aloysii» is this man.*** (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, Gologorica Status Animarum 1894.)	tree
Angela Maria Defranceschi	1883	—	Gologorica, Istra	No place	Family tree	tree
Augustin Lorenz Maria Defranceschi	1883	1885	Österreich	No place	Family tree	record tree
Maria Defranceschi	1883	1884	Liznjan, Istra	S. Istria	undefined · ⭐⭐ FOUND BY THE END-TO-END SCOUT OF THE LIŽNJAN DEATH REGISTER, 12 October 2026. She was one of seventeen Ližnjan people resting on the family tree and no document, carrying «1883–1884» and nothing else. Ližnjan «Liber Defunctorum», page 94, entry 50 of 1884: > «Mort. 11ᵐᵃ Octob.» · house 82 · «Maria Defranceschi» ⭐ House 82 is the house of Gregorius Defranceschi and Maria Vojnić — the same house as their son Josephus, dead in March 1888. So she is almost certainly another of their children, and the family's losses now run to five. ⚠ Her parents are not named in this entry and are therefore not asserted here. The house number is the link, and the anagrafe reference is the better key — it was not legible in this row. Waypoint `9R2Z-4WG`, frame 49. (doc — the burial register of the parish, read at the page.)	tree
Teresa Defranceschi	1883	—	—	No place	Family tree	record tree
Antonius Leopoldus Defranceschi	1884	1922	Gologorica	Carnia	Family tree · ⭐ Placed and joined, 11 October 2026 — this row had an empty note and no parents. Gologorica Status Animarum 1862 (M01069447): «Antonius Leopoldus filius · ex II. votis», born 29 January 1884 — son of Leonardus Defranceschi, weaver by his second wife Maria née Udovičić, married 3 April 1883. The register says in two words which marriage he belongs to. Told here. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069447, Gologorica Status Animarum 1862.)	tree
Francisca Lucia Defranceschi	1884	1891	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Leopoldus Antonius Defranceschi	1884	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Gologorica pedigree
Pietro DeFranceschi	1884	1957	Giubiasco, Ticino, Switzerland	Abroad	Headstone · Cimitero di Giubiasco	tree
Alderano Remo Vittorio Defranceschi	1885	—	San Rocco di Vernazza, Genoa	Other	Family tree	record tree
Maria Defranceschi	1885	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Gologorica pedigree
Maria Faustina Defranceschi	1885	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Rosa DeFranceschi	1885	1956	Giubiasco, Ticino, Switzerland	Abroad	Headstone · Cimitero di Giubiasco
Adalgisa De Franceschi	1886	1960	Rome, Lazio, Italy	Other	Headstone · Cimitero Comunale Monumentale Campo Verano
Clotilde Toffoletti DeFranceschi	1886	1965	Torrington, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA	Abroad	Headstone · New Saint Francis Cemetery
Francesco DeFranceschi	1886	1937	Torrington, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA	Abroad	Headstone · New Saint Francis Cemetery
Josef Johann Defranceschi	1886	—	Österreich	No place	Family tree	record tree
Josephus Defranceschi	1886	1888	Liznjan, Istra	S. Istria	undefined · ⭐⭐ READ ON THE PAGE, 12 October 2026. Ližnjan «Liber Defunctorum», page 99, entry 7 of 1888 — the scribe wrote the name in the left margin as well as the column: > «Josephus Defranceschi» · «Mort. — Martii, Sep. — ejusdem, 1888» · house 82 · Anagr. p. 305, III. 9 · «Josephus Defranceschi, Gregorii et Maria Vojnić» · cathol., mascol., «an. 1, mens. 11» · «nat. 15/4 86» Born 15 April 1886; died in March 1888, aged a year and eleven months — and the two agree: 15 April 1886 plus one year eleven months falls in March 1888. ⚠ THE DEATH DAY IS BLANK IN THE REGISTER. The scribe wrote «Mort. — Martii» and «Sep. — ejusdem» and never filled the days in. That is the book's own gap, not a reading failure, and no day is invented here. ⭐ And the anagrafe reference ties the household together across a move. This entry cites Anagr. p. 305, III. 9. Magdalena Justina's baptism cites Anagr. p. 305, III. 7 — *the same page, the same family, a different person number* — even though she was entered at house 61 in 1879 and he at house 82 in 1888. The house number moves; the anagrafe family does not. The household of Gregorius Defranceschi and Maria Vojnić now stands as: Maria and Anastasia, twins, born 20 February 1875 and dead together on the 22nd; a Maria of 1878 (indexed, unread); Magdalena Justina, born 3 October 1879, dead 18 May 1952; and this Josephus, born 15 April 1886, dead March 1888. *Four of their children buried small.* ⚠ TWO ROWS, ONE CHILD — and this time the TREE was right and the INDEX was wrong. The archive held `josephus-defranceschi-1887` from the index, which says «b. Mar 1887», and `josephus-defranceschi-1886` from the family tree, which says «1886». *The register says 15 April 1886, so the tree had it and the index did not.* The reverse of the Mаthæus case of the same week, and a useful corrective to assuming an index outranks a tree. Ids are frozen: both rows stand, the join is written on each.	tree
Mary Conforti (Defranceschi)	1886	1972	Italy	Other	Family tree	record tree
Mary DeFranceschi	1886	1972	Torrington, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA	Abroad	Headstone · Hillside Cemetery
Rosa Theresia Volser Defranceschi	1886	—	Laives, Bolzano	Trentino	Family tree	record tree
Angiolina Franceschi	1887	1888	Almissa, Spalato, Dalmazia, Austria	Venice	Household
Antonia Defranceschi (Girardi)	1887	—	—	No place	Family tree	record tree
Antonio Tony Defranceschi	1887	—	Gračišće	Carnia	The Eleven · Italy
Josephus Defranceschi	1886	1888	Ližnjan	S. Istria	undefined · ⭐⭐ READ ON THE PAGE, 12 October 2026. Ližnjan «Liber Defunctorum», page 99, entry 7 of 1888 — the scribe wrote the name in the left margin as well as the column: > «Josephus Defranceschi» · «Mort. — Martii, Sep. — ejusdem, 1888» · house 82 · Anagr. p. 305, III. 9 · «Josephus Defranceschi, Gregorii et Maria Vojnić» · cathol., mascol., «an. 1, mens. 11» · «nat. 15/4 86» Born 15 April 1886; died in March 1888, aged a year and eleven months — and the two agree: 15 April 1886 plus one year eleven months falls in March 1888. ⚠ THE DEATH DAY IS BLANK IN THE REGISTER. The scribe wrote «Mort. — Martii» and «Sep. — ejusdem» and never filled the days in. That is the book's own gap, not a reading failure, and no day is invented here. ⭐ And the anagrafe reference ties the household together across a move. This entry cites Anagr. p. 305, III. 9. Magdalena Justina's baptism cites Anagr. p. 305, III. 7 — *the same page, the same family, a different person number* — even though she was entered at house 61 in 1879 and he at house 82 in 1888. The house number moves; the anagrafe family does not. The household of Gregorius Defranceschi and Maria Vojnić now stands as: Maria and Anastasia, twins, born 20 February 1875 and dead together on the 22nd; a Maria of 1878 (indexed, unread); Magdalena Justina, born 3 October 1879, dead 18 May 1952; and this Josephus, born 15 April 1886, dead March 1888. *Four of their children buried small.* ⚠ TWO ROWS, ONE CHILD — and this time the TREE was right and the INDEX was wrong. The archive held `josephus-defranceschi-1887` from the index, which says «b. Mar 1887», and `josephus-defranceschi-1886` from the family tree, which says «1886». *The register says 15 April 1886, so the tree had it and the index did not.* The reverse of the Mаthæus case of the same week, and a useful corrective to assuming an index outranks a tree. Ids are frozen: both rows stand, the join is written on each.	record
Maria Runko (Defranceschi)	1887	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Maria Defranceschi	1888	1983	San Juan, Puerto Rico	Abroad	Family tree	tree
Petar / Petrus Defranceschi	1889	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Petrus Defranceschi	1889	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Gologorica pedigree
Teresa Defranceschi (Granelli)	1889	1974	Provincia di Parma	Other	Family tree	tree
Aloysius Joannes Defranceschi	1890	—	Pula	S. Istria	Family tree	tree
Anton / Antonius Rudolph / Rudolf "Ante" Defranceschigreat-grandfather	1890	1943	Ledenice · Ledenice / Klenovica 22, Klenovica	Carnia	Family tree	record tree
Anton Defranceski	1890	—	Pfullingen	Carnia	Direct line · The eldest of the six. Certified by the mayor of Pfullingen in 1950 as having worked for Hermann Sauer at Reutlingen-Süd.
Anton Rudolf Defranceski	1890	1943	Klenovica, house 22 → Pfullingen	Carnia	Direct line
Anton Rudolf Franceschi	1890	—	Ledenice, Modrus-Fiume, Mađarska	Not placed	Household
Arnaldo Remo Giuseppe Defranceschi	1890	—	Santi Angeli Custodi, Genoa	Other	Family tree	record tree
Joannes Defranceschi	1890	1890	Pula	S. Istria	Parish burial	record
Mathæus Defranceschi	1890	1891	Ližnjan	S. Istria	undefined · ⭐⭐ READ ON THE PAGE, 12 October 2026 — and it resolves a duplicate. Ližnjan «Liber Defunctorum», page 108, entry 7 of 1891, house 3: > «mort. 18 Febr., sepul. 19 ejusdem, 1891» — «Mathæus Defranceschi, Mathæi et Annæ Skoko» — cathol., mascol., «nat. 25/1 90». *Born 25 January 1890, dead 18 February 1891* — a year and three weeks. Waypoint `9R2Z-4WG`, frame 58. His parents are named: «Mathæi et Annæ Skoko». House 3 is the house of Fusca, born and dead in 1870, whose father was also a Mathæus Defranceschi — by Maria n. Primus, not Anna Skoko. Whether that is the same man by a second wife, or his son of the same name, is *not settled here and is not asserted. ⚠ THESE TWO ROWS ARE ONE CHILD.* `math-us-defranceschi-1890` came from the burial index; `mattheus-defranceschi-1891` came from the MyHeritage tree with the birth year a year out. The register settles it: born 25 January 1890. Ids are minted once and frozen, so *both rows stand and the join is written on each* — the archive's practice when a duplicate is found, because a deleted id is a dead URL.	record
Faustina Julia Defranceschi	1891	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Gologorica pedigree
Francisca Defranceschi	1891	—	Pula	S. Istria	Record index	record
Mattheus Defranceschi	1890	1891	Ližnjan, Istra	S. Istria	undefined · ⚠⚠ DUPLICATE, resolved 12 October 2026. The tree gave this child a birth year that the register contradicts, and the archive already held him under another id. He was one of seventeen Ližnjan people resting on the family tree and no document, carrying «1891–1891». He is not a separate child. Ližnjan «Liber Defunctorum», page 108, entry 7 of 1891, house 3: > «mort. 18 Febr., sepul. 19 ejusdem, 1891» — «Mathæus Defranceschi, Mathæi et Annæ Skoko» — cathol., mascol., «nat. 25/1 90». *Born 25 January 1890, dead 18 February 1891* — a year and three weeks. Waypoint `9R2Z-4WG`, frame 58. The birth year here was 1891 and is now 1890, as the register writes it. ⚠ THESE TWO ROWS ARE ONE CHILD. `math-us-defranceschi-1890` came from the burial index; `mattheus-defranceschi-1891` came from the MyHeritage tree with the birth year a year out. The register settles it: born 25 January 1890. Ids are minted once and frozen, so *both rows stand and the join is written on each* — the archive's practice when a duplicate is found, because a deleted id is a dead URL.	record tree
Catharina Gasparic (Defranceschi)	1892	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Giuseppe Defranceschi	1892	—	Gračišće	Carnia	The Eleven · Two American naturalisation records give this man an exact birth day and name his birthplace as the origin parish. Declaration of intention 22660, Brooklyn, 1912: «Joseph Defranceschi», born 12 March 1892, birth country Austria, birthplace as transcribed *«Gaglinana, Austria». Petition 13838, certificate 1104860, Brooklyn, 1915: the same man and the same birth day, with the birthplace now spelled «Gallignana, Austria»* — which is Gračišće, the parish this family comes out of. The clerk spelled it two ways three years apart, and the second is right. (inf* for the identification with this row — name, year and parish all agree and no document joins them; doc for the two acts themselves.)* Findmypast, «United States Naturalization Petitions»* — final petition and citizenship papers, New York, 1865–1958; index © IRI, used by permission of FamilySearch Intl.* New York
Josephus Defranceschi	1892	1892	Pula	S. Istria	Parish burial	record
Marija Stjepanka Defranceschi	1892	—	Ledenice · Ledenice, Modrus-Fiume, Mađarska	Not placed	Household	record
Romanus Defranceschi	1892	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Gologorica pedigree
Antonius Defranceschi	1893	1893	Pula	S. Istria	Parish burial	record
Estella Ida Defranceschi	1893	1941	Gologorica	Carnia	Family tree · *⭐ Given parents, 11 October 2026 — this row had an empty note and a line of «unknown».* > Gologorica Status Animarum 1862 (M01069446): «Estella, Ida, filia eor.» · conditio «rust.» · n. 11 Aprilis 1893 Daughter of Antonius Defranceschi (b. 3 Feb 1855) and Ruža née Salamon — *her third marriage. Told here.* (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069446, Gologorica Status Animarum 1862.) --- ⭐ HER MARRIAGE, 11 October 2026. Gologorica Status Animarum 1894 (M01069735): «Sečešić Andreas» with «Estella Ida ux. n. Defranceschi», and four children — Jordanus Andreas Leonardus, Ljubomir Mag. Emil, Jucunda Nella Dora, Jolanda Ortelia Andrina. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, Gologorica Status Animarum 1894.)	tree
Aloisia Emilia Defranceschi (Zanini)	1894	1973	Österreich	No place	Family tree	record tree
Amedeo De Franceschi	1894	1925	Rome, Lazio, Italy	Other	Headstone · Cimitero Comunale Monumentale Campo Verano
Antonio Defranceschi	1894	1946	Pula, Grad Pula, Istarska, Croatia	S. Istria	Headstone · Kaiserlich und königlich Marinefriedhof	record tree
Antonius Georgius Defranceschi	1894	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Ivan De Franceschi	1894	—	Crikvenica · Crikvenica, Modrus-Fiume, Mađarska	Carnia	Household	record
Joseph Defranceschi	1894	—	Mandolacce di Tomino	Corsica	Family tree	tree
Albino DeFranceschi	1895	1932	Clarksburg, Harrison County, West Virginia, USA	Abroad	Headstone · Holy Cross Cemetery The tree and this archive disagree about the birth year by 2 years, and the death year agrees. Tree 1893, here 1895. That is what an age produces. A record giving «aged N» rather than a date yields a birth year that depends on whether the birthday had passed, so the two are one year of arithmetic apart, not one of evidence. This archive keeps its own figure, which came off the register; the tree's is recorded so the difference is visible rather than silently resolved. (20 Sept 2026.)
Maria Legović Defranceschi	1895	1895	Kaštelir, Istra	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Ursula Kovačina(Defranceschi)	1895	1975	Crikvenica	Carnia	Family tree · Born at Crikvenica, died at Belgrade in 1975 — read from the live tree, 15 September 2026. Her daughter Anka Nera died at Belgrade too, in 1944, aged twenty-nine. A Croatian woman of the Kvarner dying in Belgrade in 1944 and her mother dying in the same city thirty-one years later is a thread this archive has never pulled, and it starts here.	tree
Virginija de Franceschi Marfan (1895–1981)	1895	1981	Gračišće	Carnia	The Eleven · Sixth of the eleven children of Antonio DeFranceschi and Maria Valhart, and the only one of them still in the ground at Gračišće. The stone, photographed by David and read here at full resolution: > F. DE FRANCESCHI — MARFAN — VIRGINIJA ✱ 30. III. 1895 ✝ 28. XII. 1981 (doc.) *The American reunion chart of 2012 gives «VIRGINIA (3/30/1895)»* — the same day, month and year, written down in California a hundred and seventeen years after it happened.** The stone gives what the chart could not: she died 28 December 1981, aged eighty-six. ⚠ 29 September 2026 — that death date had been published on the eleven since the plot was first photographed, and it had never reached this record, which carried `d = null`. A second photograph is what exposed it. The rule is the archive's own: a finding is not done until it is in every file that asserts it. She married Giovanni Marfan — Ivan in Croatian, and the stone beside hers gives his dates — and she is the reason the two families are buried together. She was the niece of Josip Defranceschi, who took this archive's own line down to Crikvenica in 1890, and therefore the first cousin of Anton Rudolf. One half of the family went to the Kvarner, Germany, South Africa and Australia; the other to New York, Buenos Aires and Tuscany. She stayed, and was still receiving her American cousins in the family house in the 1970s.
Florinda De Franceschi	1896	1961	Santa Maria di Sala, Venezia, Veneto, Italy	Venice	Headstone · Cimitero di Santa Maria di Sala
Giuseppa Defranceschi	1896	—	Rivolta d'Adda, Cremona	Other	Family tree	record tree
Zorica De Franceski	1896	—	Crikvenica, Modrus-Fiume, Mađarska	Carnia	Household
Antonio De Franceschi	1897	1979	Middle Village, Queens County, New York, USA	Carnia	Headstone · Saint John Cemetery and Mausoleum
Antonio Defranceschi	1897	1979	Queens, New York	Carnia	Family tree	record tree
De Michiel Ida Defranceschi	1897	—	Castelnovo del Friuli, Pordenone	Other	Family tree	record tree
Giovanni Defranceschi	1897	—	Telve, Trento	Trentino	Family tree	record tree
Victor Defranceschi	1897	1898	Gologorica	Carnia	Gologorica pedigree	tree
Victorius Defranceschi	—	1897	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Parish burial	record
Caterina Defranceschi	1898	—	Rivolta d'Adda, Cremona	Other	Family tree	record tree
Emanuele / Emmanele Defranceschi	1898	1977	Cadillac, Wexford County, Michigan	Abroad	Family tree	record tree
Mario De Franceschi	1898	1984	Rome, Lazio, Italy	Other	Headstone · Cimitero Comunale Monumentale Campo Verano The tree and this archive disagree by 5 years on the birth, which is too much for age arithmetic. Tree 1919, here 1924; the death year agrees. One of the two is wrong about the person, not the sum — either a record is matched to the wrong man, or a date was misread from a hard hand. Unresolved, and flagged rather than averaged. (20 Sept 2026.)
Cosmo DeFranceschi	1899	1972	Southfield, Oakland County, Michigan, USA	Abroad	Headstone · Holy Sepulchre Catholic Cemetery
Emanuele DeFranceschi	1899	1977	Lake City, Missaukee County, Michigan, USA	Abroad	Headstone · Lake City Cemetery
Albina Defranceschi	1900	1945	Gračišće	Carnia	The Eleven · Brooklyn
Lidia De Franceschi	1900	1997	Pula	S. Istria	Parish burial
Marie Lucie Defranceschi	1900	1901	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Tomaso Thomas Defranceschi	1900	1979	Telve, Trento	Trentino	Family tree	record tree
Aemilius Ernestus Defranceschi	1901	1902	Gologorica	Carnia	Gologorica pedigree
Eloina Rodriguez Garcia De Franceschi	1901	1941	San Germán, Puerto Rico, USA	Abroad	Headstone · Cementerio Trujillo
Luigi Defranceschi	1901	—	Cles, Trento	Trentino	Family tree	record tree
Mary Piai DeFranceschi	1901	1990	Lake City, Missaukee County, Michigan, USA	Abroad	Headstone · Lake City Cemetery	record tree
Antonio Defranceschi	1902	1983	Telve, Trento	Trentino	Family tree	record tree
Rotilio Defranceschi	1902	—	Gračišće	Carnia	The Eleven · unknown
Pietro "Frank" DeFranceschi	1904	1978	Atlanta, Georgia	Other	Family tree	tree
Vittorio Giulio De Franceschi	1904	1988	Vigonza, Padova, Veneto, Italy	Other	Headstone · Cimitero di Vigonza
Celéstina Defranceschi (Pasqualini)	1905	1994	Telve, Trento	Trentino	Family tree	record tree
Daniele Defranceschi	1905	—	Gračišće	Carnia	The Eleven · Tuscany
Francesco Antonio Nicolò Defranceschi	1905	—	Santa Maria del Carmelo, Rovereto, Trento	Trentino	Family tree	record tree
Juditha Josefina Defranceschi	1905	—	Österreich	No place	Family tree	record tree
Marie Mattea Defranceschi	1905	1906	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Severino Biagio Defranceschi	1906	1984	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Andrea Landi (Defranceschi)	1907	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Gioacchino Defranceschi	1907	2000	Gračišće	Carnia	The Eleven · New York
Guido De Franceschi	1907	1945	Santa Maria di Sala, Venezia, Veneto, Italy	Venice	Headstone · Cimitero di Santa Maria di Sala
Joachim Bruno deFranceschi	1907	2000	Millbrook, Dutchess County, New York, USA	Other	Headstone · His exact birth day, from the document rather than the stone: 12 August 1907. Declaration of intention 284221, certificate 2-665402, Brooklyn, Kings County, New York, 1939 — which names, on one paper, Bruno (b. 12 Aug 1907), his wife Gerda (b. 15 Jan 1913) and their child Richard (b. 2 Dec 1932). This archive had only the year, off the gravestone at Nine Partners. No birthplace is given for him. Findmypast, «United States Naturalization Petitions»* — final petition and citizenship papers, New York, 1865–1958; index © IRI, used by permission of FamilySearch Intl.* Nine Partners Cemetery Not on this family's line, and this archive said otherwise. The row was flagged as the compiler's own kin, which is a claim that a path can be named from this person to David. No path can be. It is a headstone with a shared surname on it, in the American or the Italian-Australian diaspora, and both of those are separate movements from this family's — the diaspora page says so. Left in the archive, where it belongs, and no longer counted as kin. The audit.
Felix Defranceski	1908	—	Pfullingen	Carnia	Direct line · Born 14 January 1908 at Crikvenica — the day and the town, from his German work card: «Tag und Ort der Geburt: 14.1.1908 in Cricvenica, Kroatien-Jugoslawien», employer Hermann Sauer, Reutlingen-Süd, stamped by the Bürgermeister of Pfullingen 28 February 1950. This archive had «1908»* and nothing finer, and no Croatian register has been read for him.* (doc.) Single, at Pfullingerlandstraße, Reutlingen. Motor mechanic for Hermann Sauer from July 1941, then a driver for Wilhelm Heim, then back to Sauer. The Reutlingen town list puts him in the town from 15 August 1941 to 8 October 1942.
Leonard DeFranceschi	1908	1969	Torrington, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA	Abroad	Headstone · Hillside Cemetery
Maria Grazia "Mary Grace" Di Micco (Defranceschi)	1908	1994	Harrison, West Virginia	Other	Family tree	record tree
Antonius Franciscus Defranceschiseventh cousin once removed	1909	1945	Gologorica, Općina Cerovlje	Carnia	Family tree	tree
Basilio Defranceschi	1909	—	Gračišće	Carnia	The Eleven · New York
Constante Defranceschi	1909	—	Telve, Trento	Trentino	Family tree	record tree
La Bambola De Franceschi	1909	1909	Athens, Clarke County, Georgia, USA	Abroad	Headstone · Oconee Hill Cemetery
Mary Grace DeMicco DeFranceschi	1909	1994	Southfield, Oakland County, Michigan, USA	Abroad	Headstone · Holy Sepulchre Catholic Cemetery
Placida Maria Giacomello De Franceschi	1909	1997	Vigonza, Padova, Veneto, Italy	Other	Headstone · Cimitero di Vigonza
Maria Aemelia Defranceschi	1910	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Tomas Defranceschi Marti	1910	—	San Lorenzo, Santa Fe	Other	Family tree	record tree
Albino Vittorio Giuseppe Defranceschi	1911	—	Telve, Trento	Trentino	Family tree	record tree
Aloisius Defranceschi	1911	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Giulio Valentino De Franceschi	1911	1951	Santa Maria di Sala, Venezia, Veneto, Italy	Venice	Headstone · Cimitero di Santa Maria di Sala
Tobias Edward DeFranceschi	1911	1972	Cathedral City, Riverside County, California, USA	Abroad	Headstone · Desert Memorial Park His passport application is read, 21 September 2026. Number 122462, [Form for Native Citizen], issued Washington 1 March 1922: «I was born at Washington, D.C.* on or about the 15 day of June 1912; my father Louis De Franceski was born in Italy and is now residing at Washington D.C.», with the surname corrected in the margin to «—Franceschi». The identifying witness is Maggie Collins Alt* of 28 Aron Place, Brooklyn, who had known him eighteen years. Two things to hold lightly. The application says 1912 and this row carries 1911 — a year apart, and neither has been checked against a birth record. And the identification of this Tobias with the Tobias buried in California rests on an uncommon forename and a surname, not on a document that joins them. (doc for the application; inf for both identifications.)
Luigi De Franceschi	1912	1987	Tignale, Brescia, Lombardia, Italy	Other	Headstone · Cimitero di Tignale
Maria Albina Defranceschi	1912	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Alberto De Franceschi	1913	1983	Rome, Lazio, Italy	Other	Headstone · Cimitero Comunale Monumentale Campo Verano
De Franceschi Giovanni	1913	1916	Concesio, Brescia	Other	Parish burial
Gerda Seedorf de Franceschi	1913	2012	Millbrook, Dutchess County, New York, USA	Other	Headstone · Born 15 January 1913 at Hollen, Germany — a birth day and a birthplace this archive did not have; it held «1913»* off the gravestone and nothing else.* Declaration of intention 284221, Brooklyn, 1939, birth country Germany, birthplace as transcribed *«Hollen, Germany»; her husband Bruno* and their son Richard are on the same paper. She takes the oath of allegiance in 1944, certificate 5742645. Note the place fields are different questions: Millbrook, Dutchess County is where she is buried; Hollen is where she was born. Findmypast, «United States Naturalization Petitions»* — final petition and citizenship papers, New York, 1865–1958; index © IRI, used by permission of FamilySearch Intl.* Nine Partners Cemetery Not on this family's line, and this archive said otherwise. The row was flagged as the compiler's own kin, which is a claim that a path can be named from this person to David. No path can be. It is a headstone with a shared surname on it, in the American or the Italian-Australian diaspora, and both of those are separate movements from this family's — the diaspora page says so. Left in the archive, where it belongs, and no longer counted as kin. The audit.
Petar Defranceski	1913	—	Pfullingen	Carnia	Direct line · Ship's engineer with Jugoslav Lloyd at Split; left for Germany in April 1939 and stayed. Married Luise Salzer at Neuhausen in February 1942. Applied in November 1947 to be resettled in California — and then did not go: by July 1949 he had a house and two cars, and in April 1951 confirmed the family would remain in Germany. His wife now has a page. The same camp file holds Luiza Defranceski (geb. Salzer)'s own Fiche Individuelle — born 5 October 1919, ménagère, Kelterstr. 30 Neuhausen, the address on Petar's own card. She is the «Luise Salzer»* of the 1942 marriage, under her married name.* And her 1948 identity card is the only photograph this archive holds of the two children the IRO letter classified with the family. (inf for the identification.)
Romeo Francis DeFranceschi	1913	1974	Memphis, Shelby County, Tennessee	Other	Family tree	record tree
Alfred DeFranceschi	1914	1999	Torrington, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA	Abroad	Headstone · Saint Peter Cemetery
Giovanni Silvio De Franceschi	1914	1942	Santa Maria di Sala, Venezia, Veneto, Italy	Venice	Headstone · Cimitero di Santa Maria di Sala
Lina DeFranceschi	1914	1925	Torrington, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA	Abroad	Headstone · New Saint Francis Cemetery The tree and this archive disagree about the DEATH year by 2 years, and that is the serious kind. Tree 1923, here 1925; the birth agrees. A death year is usually the better-evidenced of the two, so a gap this wide means one side is describing a different person's death — most often a namesake in the same parish. This needs the burial register, not a judgement. (20 Sept 2026.)
Edith M DeFranceschi	1915	1996	Torrington, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA	Abroad	Headstone · Saint Peter Cemetery
Anthony Joseph "Tony" DeFranceschi DeFrances	1916	2003	Memphis, Shelby, Tennessee	Other	Family tree	tree
Elda Maria Defranceschi (Galliano)	1917	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Family tree · *Documented and placed, 11 October 2026 — she came off the live MyHeritage tree with a year and nothing else, line «unknown».* Gologorica Status Animarum 1921, house 87: «Elda de Franceschi fil. Aloysii», entered with her husband «Galliano Aloysius fil. Orestis», conditio «libero professionista» — which is where the roster's «(Galliano)» comes from, now with a register behind it. ⚠ *Her day is in tension in the register itself: the clerk wrote* «15 Octobris 1917» and a later hand corrected it above to «27 · 10 · 1917». Both are recorded here; neither is preferred. (Her husband's day is corrected the same way — «18 Junii 1913» over-written «26 · 7 · 1913».) Her father is Aloysius Arturius (b. 1883). Place Gologorica, line carnia. ⚠ Their child is living or may be living and is named only. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069915, Gologorica Status Animarum 1921, house 87; and the «Senes» list, M01069823.) --- ⭐ HER MOTHER, 11 October 2026: Albina née Lovrinović, entered with her father in the 1894 status animarum (M01069671), where Elda appears as «Elda-Maria». (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, Gologorica Status Animarum 1894.)	tree
Sylvius Gasparic Defranceschi	1917	1917	—	No place	Family tree	tree
★Joso Defranceski	1918	1920	Osijek · Istria	Not placed	Namesake · Letters
Mario DeFranceschi	1918	1925	Torrington, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA	Abroad	Headstone · New Saint Francis Cemetery
Raffaele De Franceschi	1918	1944	Santa Maria di Sala, Venezia, Veneto, Italy	Venice	Headstone · Cimitero di Santa Maria di Sala
Luise Defranceski née Salzer	1919	—	Pfullingen	Carnia	Direct line · Petar's wife, and the only German-born adult in the group. Married Petar in February 1942.
Mario De Franceschi	1919	2012	Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada	Abroad	Headstone · Saint Andrew's Catholic Cemetery
Remo DeFranceschi	1919	1975	Giubiasco, Ticino, Switzerland	Abroad	Headstone · Cimitero di Giubiasco
Bruno Anthony Defranceschi	1921	1990	Italy	Other	Family tree	tree
Duilo DeFranceschi	1921	2003	Whiting, Ocean County, New Jersey, USA	Abroad	Headstone · Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton Columbarium
Margherita DeFranceschi	1921	1991	Giubiasco, Ticino, Switzerland	Abroad	Headstone · Cimitero di Giubiasco
Nella Bacchia Defranceschi	1921	1992	Pula	S. Istria	Parish burial	record tree
Nella DeFranceschi	1921	1992	Whiting, Ocean County, New Jersey, USA	Abroad	Headstone · Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton Columbarium
Zdravko Defranceski	1921	—	Pfullingen	Carnia	Direct line · Taken by the Partisans in 1943, held three or four months, then straight to Germany. Motor mechanic at Reutlingen. Married Ruža of Fužine. Resettled February 1949 — to Australia. Died at Horsham, Victoria, 22 December 1979, aged fifty-eight, buried there as Frank.
Zdravko “Frank” Defranceski	1921	1979	Horsham, Rural City of Horsham, Victoria, Australia	Carnia	Headstone · Horsham Cemetery, CENTRAL 2-J-10. Died 22 December 1979, buried on the 27th — the two dates that produced two Find a Grave memorials for one man. The second is under *«Zorafko», which is how the Victorian aliens register wrote him from the day he landed (NAA B78) and how a fourth office wrote him as Zdrafko* (NAA A2571, 76418). Logged as a correction.
Pompilio Aurelio Maria Defranceschi	1922	—	Trento, Sacco	Trentino	Family tree	record tree
Ruža Defranceski	1922	—	Pfullingen	Carnia	Direct line · Zdravko's wife, from the mountain village above the coast. No profession recorded. She outlived him by sixteen years and lies in the same Wimmera ground, South 2-D-23, having died on 1 February 1996.
Conchita Z. De Franceschi	—	1923	Bronx, New York, USA	Other	Headstone · Woodlawn Cemetery Not on this family's line, and this archive said otherwise. The row was flagged as the compiler's own kin, which is a claim that a path can be named from this person to David. No path can be. It is a headstone with a shared surname on it, in the American or the Italian-Australian diaspora, and both of those are separate movements from this family's — the diaspora page says so. Left in the archive, where it belongs, and no longer counted as kin. The audit.
Maria De Franceschi	1923	1997	Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada	Abroad	Headstone · Saint Andrew's Catholic Cemetery
Mario De Franceschi	1924	2012	Kanahooka, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia	Abroad	Headstone · Lakeside Memorial Park
Romano De Franceschi	1924	1987	Dolo, Venezia, Veneto, Italy	Venice	Headstone · Cimitero di Dolo
Amedea De Franceschi	1925	1996	Rome, Lazio, Italy	Other	Headstone · Cimitero Comunale Monumentale Campo Verano
Attilio Defranceschi	1925	2010	Skokie, Cook, Illinois	Abroad	Family tree	record tree
Attilio “Til” DeFranceschi	1925	2010	River Grove, Cook County, Illinois, USA	Abroad	Headstone · Saint Joseph Catholic Cemetery
Ivan Defranceski	1925	1995	Crikvenica → Pfullingen → Senj	Carnia	Direct line · Left Yugoslavia about 1954, when his son was three — the family having failed to get out in 1948. He and Hedviga divorced about 1969, which is why he is buried at Senj and she died at Johannesburg. lore — from Cheryl's memoir.
Anna Maria Carrara De Franceschi	1927	2003	Dolo, Venezia, Veneto, Italy	Venice	Headstone · Cimitero di Dolo
John Angelo Defranceschi	1927	2008	Harrison, West Virginia	Other	Family tree	record tree
Mario Defranceschi	1928	1929	Detroit, Wayne, Michigan	Abroad	Family tree	record tree
Evelyn DeFranceschi	1929	2005	Chalfont, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, USA	Abroad	Headstone · Saint John Neumann Cemetery
Joseph DeFranceschi	1929	2013	Chalfont, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, USA	Abroad	Headstone · Saint John Neumann Cemetery
Joseph Jordan DeFranceschi	1929	2013	Clifton, Passaic, New Jersey	Abroad	Family tree	record tree
Adelia De Franceschi	1930	2013	Lilydale, Victoria, Australia	Other	Headstone · Lilydale Memorial Park Not on this family's line, and this archive said otherwise. The row was flagged as the compiler's own kin, which is a claim that a path can be named from this person to David. No path can be. It is a headstone with a shared surname on it, in the American or the Italian-Australian diaspora, and both of those are separate movements from this family's — the diaspora page says so. Left in the archive, where it belongs, and no longer counted as kin. The audit.
Adelia Defranceschi	1930	2013	Lilydale, Yarra Ranges Shire, Victoria, Australia	Other	Headstone · Lilydale Memorial Park Not on this family's line, and this archive said otherwise. The row was flagged as the compiler's own kin, which is a claim that a path can be named from this person to David. No path can be. It is a headstone with a shared surname on it, in the American or the Italian-Australian diaspora, and both of those are separate movements from this family's — the diaspora page says so. Left in the archive, where it belongs, and no longer counted as kin. The audit.
Eugene Andrew Defranceschi	1930	1984	Clarksburg, Harrison, West Virginia	Other	Family tree	record tree
Maria Delia Velázquez de Franceschi	1932	2023	Bushnell, Sumter County, Florida, USA	Abroad	Headstone · Florida National Cemetery
Joan B Defranceschi (Pierce)	1933	2002	Wayne, Michigan	Abroad	Family tree	record tree
Mario De Franceschi	1933	2024	Padua, Veneto, Italy	Other	Headstone · Padua Main Cemetery
Benito De Franceschi	1938	2022	Phoenix, Maricopa County, Arizona, USA	Abroad	Headstone · National Memorial Cemetery of Arizona
Mario De Franceschi	1938	2013	Brisbane, Queensland, Australia	Other	Headstone · Not this family — and this archive said he was. He stood in Brisbane on the map as the one Defranceschi there, flagged as ours. In David's live MyHeritage tree his parents are *«QLD Defranceschi (Deceased)»* and *«Unknown Defranceschi»* — placeholder nodes, a stub for an unconnected Queensland family of the name. There is no join to the Gologorica line, and the diaspora page already files Brisbane 1938–2013 with the Italian post-war assisted migration of the 1950s and 60s, which is a different movement from the Croatian displaced persons of 1949. One man, one row. He stood twice — once off the Find a Grave memorial at Centenary Memorial Gardens and once out of MyHeritage 4507883 — with two slugs under `/who/` and two dots in Brisbane. The two are folded together, and the surviving row carries both spellings and both sources.	tree
Joni M. De Franceschi	1939	2016	Phoenix, Maricopa County, Arizona, USA	Abroad	Headstone · National Memorial Cemetery of Arizona
Joseph De Franceschi	—	1940	East Farmingdale, Suffolk County, New York, USA	Other	Headstone · Long Island National Cemetery Not on this family's line, and this archive said otherwise. The row was flagged as the compiler's own kin, which is a claim that a path can be named from this person to David. No path can be. It is a headstone with a shared surname on it, in the American or the Italian-Australian diaspora, and both of those are separate movements from this family's — the diaspora page says so. Left in the archive, where it belongs, and no longer counted as kin. The audit.
Corrado De Franceschi	1941	2000	Fawkner, Victoria, Australia	Other	Headstone · Fawkner Memorial Park Not on this family's line, and this archive said otherwise. The row was flagged as the compiler's own kin, which is a claim that a path can be named from this person to David. No path can be. It is a headstone with a shared surname on it, in the American or the Italian-Australian diaspora, and both of those are separate movements from this family's — the diaspora page says so. Left in the archive, where it belongs, and no longer counted as kin. The audit.
Antony De Franceskisecond cousin of David's father, by descent from Crikvenica	1944	1999	Willowbank, City of Ipswich, Queensland, Australia	Carnia	Headstone · Anton Mario De Franceski, born 21 August 1944 at Reutlingen — the four-year-old who sailed with Zdravko and Ruža on the General M B Stewart. He was their elder child, not their only one: his sister Petrica was born at Horsham in the Wimmera nine years after they landed, and this archive did not know she existed until David asked why she was not here. The National Archives of Australia hold the household as one file: NAA A11534, 58–60 — «DEFRANCESKI Zdravko DOB 2 April 1921; Ruza DOB 13 February 1922; Anton DOB 21 August 1944», which agrees to the day with the Reutlingen and Neuhausen residence lists and with IRO card 52852. His own arrival card is NAA D4881, DE FRANCESKI ANTON MARIO — «Arrived Melbourne per General M B Stewart 13 April 1949», and it runs to 31 December 1976. That card is where the middle name comes from, and where the spelling does: De Franceski, with a space and no c, which is the spelling on this headstone and on his father's. The cemetery register says he was 56. Born 21 August 1944 he was 54, seven weeks short of fifty-five. Three documents — two German, one Australian — give the same birth date, and an age written into a burial register is the weakest of the four. Logged as an open question
B. A. Defranceschi	1943	1994	Livonia, Wayne County, Michigan, USA	Abroad	Headstone · Glen Eden Memorial Park
★Ivan Defranceski	1943	1945	Istria	Not placed	Namesake · Arms
Joseph “Joe” De Franceschi	1946	2022	Sherwood Park, Alberta, Canada	Abroad	Headstone · Colchester Cemetery
Ronald Francis DeFranceschi	1946	2009	Memphis, Shelby County, Tennessee	Other	Family tree	tree
★Josip Defranceski	1947	1970	Buenos Aires · Washington	Abroad	Namesake · Diplomacy
Dennis Martin DeFranceschi	1948	2020	Torrington, Litchfield County, Connecticut, USA	Abroad	Headstone · New Saint Francis Cemetery
Edward “Dado” de Franceschi	1952	1967	Hartsdale, Westchester County, New York, USA	Other	Headstone · Ferncliff Cemetery and Mausoleum Not on this family's line, and this archive said otherwise. The row was flagged as the compiler's own kin, which is a claim that a path can be named from this person to David. No path can be. It is a headstone with a shared surname on it, in the American or the Italian-Australian diaspora, and both of those are separate movements from this family's — the diaspora page says so. Left in the archive, where it belongs, and no longer counted as kin. The audit.
John A. De Franceschi	—	1952	Middle Village, Queens County, New York, USA	Other	Headstone · Saint John Cemetery and Mausoleum Not on this family's line, and this archive said otherwise. The row was flagged as the compiler's own kin, which is a claim that a path can be named from this person to David. No path can be. It is a headstone with a shared surname on it, in the American or the Italian-Australian diaspora, and both of those are separate movements from this family's — the diaspora page says so. Left in the archive, where it belongs, and no longer counted as kin. The audit.
Don Gerard DeFranceschi	1956	2010	Loud Township, Montmorency County, Michigan, USA	Abroad	Headstone · Loud Cemetery
Gene Michael Defranceschi	1956	1994	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Kristy A DeFranceschi	1960	2011	Arlington, Virginia, USA	Abroad	Headstone · Arlington National Cemetery
John A. DeFranceschi	1962	2019	Niles, Cook County, Illinois, USA	Abroad	Headstone · Maryhill Catholic Cemetery and Mausoleum	tree
Maria Ann DeFranceschi	1962	2010	Loud Township, Montmorency County, Michigan, USA	Abroad	Headstone · Loud Cemetery	tree
Attilio De Franceschi	—	1969	Parkville, Victoria, Australia	Other	Headstone · Melbourne General Cemetery Not on this family's line, and this archive said otherwise. The row was flagged as the compiler's own kin, which is a claim that a path can be named from this person to David. No path can be. It is a headstone with a shared surname on it, in the American or the Italian-Australian diaspora, and both of those are separate movements from this family's — the diaspora page says so. Left in the archive, where it belongs, and no longer counted as kin. The audit.
Brad Joseph DeFranceschi	1969	2017	Clinton, East Feliciana Parish, Louisiana, USA	Abroad	Headstone · Masonic Cemetery
Rodolpho De Franceschi	—	1971	Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil	Abroad	Headstone · Cemitério da Irmandade Arcanjo São Miguel
Fabiola De Franceschi	—	1985	Rookwood, New South Wales, Australia	Abroad	Headstone · Rookwood Catholic Cemeteries
Nicholas J. DeFranceschi	1990	1990	Niles, Cook County, Illinois, USA	Abroad	Headstone · Maryhill Catholic Cemetery and Mausoleum	tree
Basilio De Franceschi	—	1994	East Farmingdale, Suffolk County, New York, USA	Other	Headstone · Saint Charles Cemetery Not on this family's line, and this archive said otherwise. The row was flagged as the compiler's own kin, which is a claim that a path can be named from this person to David. No path can be. It is a headstone with a shared surname on it, in the American or the Italian-Australian diaspora, and both of those are separate movements from this family's — the diaspora page says so. Left in the archive, where it belongs, and no longer counted as kin. The audit.
Ruža “Rosa” Defranceski	—	1996	Horsham, Rural City of Horsham, Victoria, Australia	Carnia	Headstone · Horsham Cemetery
Cesare De Franceschi	—	2005	Mitchell, Canberra, ACT, Australia	Abroad	Headstone · Gungahlin Cemetery and Crematorium
Giacomo Defranceschi	—	2012	Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia	Abroad	Headstone · His mother and six siblings are named at last. «The Canberra Times», 25 September 1982: the death at Pederobba, Treviso of Cesira De Franceschi, «dearly beloved mother of Cesare, Canberra, Giosue Giacomo and Dino, Broken Hill, Alfonso, Mario and Imelda, Italy». This archive had him as a name on a stone in Broken Hill Cemetery and nothing else. He is a son of a Pederobba household, one of three brothers who went to Broken Hill, and Pederobba is a place already pinned on this site's own emigration map with nobody on it. (inf for the identification — the notice names a Giacomo at Broken Hill in 1982 and the cemetery holds a Giacomo who died there in 2012; no document yet joins the two.) Broken Hill Cemetery	record tree
Bruno De Franceschi	—	2015	Middle Village, Queens County, New York, USA	Other	Headstone · Saint John Cemetery and Mausoleum Not on this family's line, and this archive said otherwise. The row was flagged as the compiler's own kin, which is a claim that a path can be named from this person to David. No path can be. It is a headstone with a shared surname on it, in the American or the Italian-Australian diaspora, and both of those are separate movements from this family's — the diaspora page says so. Left in the archive, where it belongs, and no longer counted as kin. The audit.
John Defranceschi	—	2019	Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia	Abroad	Headstone · Broken Hill Cemetery
Agustin De Franceschi	—	—	Omiš	Venice	Record index	record
Aloysiae Defranceschi	—	—	Kaštelir · Kaštelir, Istra, Hrvatska	No place	Family tree	tree
Aloysium Joannes Petre Defranceschi	—	—	Rijeka · Vitipolis, Modrus-Fiume, Magyarország	Not placed	Household	record
Amelia Defranceschi	—	1826	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · She had no dates at all, and she lived eight months. > «Die 22 Xbris 1826* hora 3tia postm. · [domus] 17 · *AMALIA DE FRANCESCHI, filia Josephi* · 8 Men[ses] · febres gastricæ, mali[gnæ]»* > Sepulta vero fuit die 24, hora 10 ante meridiem. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069262, page 67 of the Gologorica death register.) *Eight months old in December 1826 puts her birth about April 1826.* She died of gastric and malignant fever at house 17 and was buried two days later. The pedigree carried her as a child of Josephus and Lambertina with neither birth nor death — a name in a list. ⭐ And she takes one strand out of a knot. Worklist 175 holds four names round this household — Anastasia, Maria Adelgidis, Adelaidis and Amelia — and asks how many children they are. *Amalia died in infancy, so she cannot be the Adelaidis who stands godmother in 1847, in 1852 and at the twins' font in 1868.* The question narrows to whether Adelaidis and Anastasia are one girl.
Ana Skoko(Defranceschi)	—	—	Ližnjan · Ližnjan, Istra, Croatia	No place	Family tree	tree
Andrea De Franceschi	—	—	Pula · Pula, Istria, Küstenland, Austria	S. Istria	Record index	record
Angelo Defranceschi	1851	—	Pola, Italia	No place	Family tree · Very likely the Angelo «da Fasana», 63, of via del Prato 6, Pola, 1914	record tree
Anna Defranceschi (Baichin)	—	—	Rijeka	No place	Family tree · The dates on this row were never hers. They were copied from the burial of an infant Anna Defranceschi who died at Fiume on 18 November 1800, aged one, daughter of Valentino and Orsola — a different person. This woman's own record, FamilySearch `1:1:6B47-Z8FT`, is the baptism of her daughter Birgitta Elisa at Kaštelir on 20 February 1849, where she is named as the mother and her husband as Johanes Baichin. She was alive and bearing children in 1849. No year of her own is recorded. Read 27 September 2026.	record tree
Anna Fajolli (Defranceschi)	—	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Anna Fasiol (Defranceschi)	—	—	Mione · Mione, Ovaro, Udine, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italia	Carnia	Family tree	record tree
Anna Maria Ceccato (Defranceschi)	—	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Anna Maria Defranceschi	—	—	Rijeka · Fiume, Modrus-Fiume, Ungheria	Not placed	Record index · ⚠ Correction, 28 September. This row was written up yesterday as a child of Valentino × Helena, the Carnian who came to Fiume in the 1730s. It is not. That couple's children run 1737–1757, and Pietro's act names his mother as Ursula, not Helena. Anna Maria is a child of the LATER Valentino — Valentinus Defranceschi, born 1775/76, who married Ursula de Berzoni at Fiume on 6 October 1793* (`1:1:6YBR-ZFPR`).* Baptised at Fiume on 4 March 1801. Right family, right port, wrong generation — which is the error this archive spent yesterday cataloguing in other people's work. Read on FamilySearch, 28 September 2026. Right woman, right town, wrong century — by forty-three years. `1:1:6B47-F6HL` is the baptism of Anna Maria Defranceschi at Fiume on 4 March 1801, daughter of Valentino. The row carried 1844–1879, copied from this archive's own burials data. The record is worth keeping for a different reason: it is another child of the Valentino of Fiume* whose household work list 143 is trying to reconstruct.* Read on FamilySearch, 27 September 2026.	record
Annae Bonet / Bonetti (Defranceschi)	—	—	Santa Maria Assunta · Santa Maria Assunta, Fiera di Primiero, Trento, Trentino-Alto Adige, Italia	Trentino	Family tree	record tree
Antonia Crosseta (Defranceschi)	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Antonia Defranceschi	1688	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Antonia Niedermair (Defranceschi)	—	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Antoniam Defranceschi	—	—	Bakar · Bakar, Primorsko-goranska, Hrvatska	Not placed	Household	record
Antonietta Moser (Defranceschi)	—	—	Trento · Trento, Sacco, Parrochia di San Giovanni Battista	Trentino	Family tree	record tree
Antonio / Antonius Defranceschi	—	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Antonio De Franceschi	1753	1753	Split (Sv. Dujam) · Spalato, Dalmazia, Austria	Venice	Record index	record
Antonio Defranceschi	1839	—	Ližnjan	S. Istria	Family tree	record tree
Antonius Defranceschi	1848	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Gologorica pedigree	record tree
Appolonia Galante (Defranceschi)	—	—	Mione · Mione, Ovaro, Udine, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italia	Carnia	Family tree	record tree
★Benedetto Defranceschi	—	—	Sansepolcro · Sansepolcro, Tuscany, Italy	Other	Family tree · The family tree places the painter Piero della Francesca (1415–1492) of Sansepolcro in this family, with his father Benedetto and his mother Romana di Perino. Piero's father genuinely was a de' Franceschi of Sansepolcro, so the surname is his. No connection to the Istrian or Carnian family is documented anywhere, and none is claimed here. It is recorded because it is in the tree, and because a Tuscan graft on a Friulian surname is exactly the kind of join this archive exists to catch.	tree
Bortolo De Franceschi	—	—	Šterna	Not placed	Record index · The same man as Bortolo De Franceschi. This row is his marriage of 1777; that one is his burial of 1812, and both name his father as Gio Batta. The dates on this row were copied from the burial and are withdrawn. Read on FamilySearch, 27 September 2026. The dates on this row were copied from a burial, not read from its own record. `1:1:X9DP-9QSQ` is a marriage of 1777* — Bortolo De Franceschi, son of Gio Batta De Franceschi, to Zanetta Granisi, daughter of Nazario.* A man marrying in 1777 is not contradicted by a burial in 1812, so this may still be Bortolo De Franceschi — but the marriage act gives neither a birth nor a death and the years must not be asserted from it.	record
Bortolo Defranceschi	1778	—	Šterna	Not placed	Family tree · This household is at Šterna, not Svetvinčenat. The FamilySearch index entry for Felice Anto (22 September 1778) carries the image ark 3:1:3QS7-899X-KXF4, which resolves to film 005497887, frame 627 — a different film from Svetvinčenat's 005497885. The act was read there on 21 September 2026: > «Adì 27 9bre 1778. Copich.* Felice Ant.o figlio legitimo e naturale di M.ro Bortolo De Franceschi…»* That register is a different animal from Svetvinčenat's. It is kept in Italian, not Latin, and every entry carries a village name in its date heading — Sterna, Cabotori, Copich — because the parish serves a scatter of hamlets. Bortolo's children were baptised at Copich. The sister record confirms it: Mariana De Franceschi, February 1786, same father Bortolo, is indexed with the event place *«Sterna, Litorale Austriaco»* in as many words. (doc.) Šterna is in north-western Istria, near Buje — some seventy kilometres from Svetvinčenat. These are not the castle-town family and must not be read as them.	record tree
Carlotta Strosio (Defranceschi)	—	—	Assunzione di Maria Santissima · Assunzione di Maria Santissima, Telve, Trento, Italy	Trentino	Family tree	record tree
Catarina Defranceschi (Kisdaris)	—	—	Ližnjan	No place	Family tree · No ark, no test, and a discredited provenance. The years 1844–1855 were copied from this archive's own burials data on a name match. This row carries no record identifier at all, so there is no way from this desk to check them — and of the sixteen rows in this class that could be checked, fifteen were wrong. A year that cannot be tested and comes from a mechanism with that record is not published as a fact. Adjudicated 27 September 2026.	tree
Caterina Arthemalle (Defranceschi)	—	—	Sassari · Sassari, Sassari, Sardinia, Italy	No place	Family tree	record tree
Catharina Carli (Defranceschi)	—	—	Kastelir · Kastelir, Croatia	No place	Family tree	record tree
Catharina Helena Defranceschi	—	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Gologorica pedigree
Catharinam Akacich (Defranceschi)	—	—	—	No place	Family tree	record tree
Cattarina Benussi (Defranceschi)	—	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Cattarina Defranceschi	1844	—	Ližnjan	S. Istria	Family tree	record tree
Cattarina Delli Zotti (Defranceschi)	—	—	Paluzza · Paluzza, Udine, Italia	Carnia	Family tree	record tree
Cattarina Prencis / Pencis (Defranceschi)	—	—	Mione · Mione, Ovaro, Udine, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italia	Carnia	Family tree	record tree
Conraddus Vincentius Defranceschi	—	—	Pazin · Pisino, Istrien, Küstenland, Österreich	Not placed	Record index	record
Domco Defranceschi	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Record index	record
Domenica Chersin (Defranceschi)	—	—	Draguč	Not placed	Family tree · Corrected 13 September 2026: the year 1851 was carried here as a birth year and cannot be one. She is the mother in the household «Natale Defranceschi × Domenica Chersin» (1849–1851), so 1851 is the year she first appears in the record — the baptism of her eldest known child — not the year she was born. Her birth is unknown.	record tree
Domenica Englaro (Defranceschi)	—	—	Naunina · Naunina, Paluzza, Udine, Italia	Carnia	Family tree	record tree
Domenica Frezza (Defranceschi)	—	—	Poreč · Poreč, Croatia	No place	Family tree	record tree
Domenica Moscarda (Defranceschi)	—	—	Rovinj	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Domenico de Franceschi	1803	—	Rijeka	Not placed	Biography · Burgher
Domenico Defranceschi	1839	—	Vižinada · Kaštelir	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Dominicae Defranceschi	—	—	Immacolata Concezione · Immacolata Concezione, Strigno, Trento, Trentino-Alto Adige, Italia	Trentino	Family tree	tree
Dominicus De Franceschi	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Record index	record
Druis Jacobus Defranceschi	—	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Elisabetta De Franceschi	—	—	Draguč · Pola, Italia	S. Istria	Record index	record
Elisabetta Defranceschi	1810	—	Rijeka · Fiume, Modrus-Fiume, Ungheria	Not placed	Record index · The death year is withdrawn; the birth stands. Her own record, `1:1:6B47-XD56`, is a baptism of 2 April 1810 at Fiume to Anna and Andrea, so 1810 is hers. The death of 1810 was copied from the burial of the other Elisabetta, whose father was Franco — a different infant. Adjudicated 27 September 2026.	record
Eufemia Bergamo (Defranceschi)	—	—	Svetvinčenat	undefined	Family tree · A name the family tree already carried, with nothing behind it. Today it has a document. This page existed as an empty stub — a name imported from David's MyHeritage tree with an index number, no note, no date, no evidence and no line. Reading the film put the act under it. 13 March 1783: «Vittorio figlio di Capo Antonio de Franceschi contrasse li primi sponsali con Eufemia figlia di Mattio Bergamo ambi di questa Parrocchia … dispensati dalla solita trina Publicazione, e dal tempo corrente feriato … furono interrogati da me sottoscritto nella Chiesa della B.V. degli Angioli di Parenzo … alla mia presenza, e di Capo Mattio Buzzalovich q. Zuanne da Lisignano, e di Zuanne q. Zuanne Fabretti da Parenzo.» — film 005497886, frame 93, read at 2.2×. (doc.) Her father is Mattio Bergamo, of this parish. ⚠ And a «D.no Mattio Bergamo»* had stood witness at Antonia Defranceschi's wedding on 7 January 1779, four years before this one — so the two houses were already acquainted.* (The witnessing is doc; that he is her father is inf.) They did not marry at home. The act was taken at Parenzo, in the church of the B.V. degli Angeli, under a dispensation both from the three banns and from the closed season — it is Lent. Neither witness is from the castle: one comes from Parenzo, one from Ližnjan. A wedding out of the parish, in a hurry, in Lent. The register records the dispensation and not the reason, and this archive will not supply one. *⚠ She is almost certainly the «Evphemia pariter de Franceschi»* who stands godmother six months later*, on 10 September 1783, beside Antonio himself. That page was written when the only evidence was a forename in a parish; the marriage now dates the match to six months earlier and explains the «pariter» — she carried the name by marriage.* The two pages are cross-linked and not merged, because an id once minted is never moved. Her daughter Maria Matthia is baptised 3 September 1784, eighteen months after the wedding.	record tree
Euphemia Franca (Defranceschi)	—	—	Pula · Pula, Croatia	No place	Family tree	tree
Federico Felice Antonio De Franceschi	—	—	Šterna · Sterna, Litorale Austriaco, Austria	Not placed	Household	record
Francesca Tomasich (Defranceschi)	—	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
★Francesco de Franceschi	—	—	Omiš · Pola	S. Istria	Namesake · A baptism, not the death this row records. `1:1:XQMM-5PSM` is the baptism of Francesco De Franceschi at Omiš on 1 August 1657, mother Orsola. The row carried a death of 1686 at Pola, copied from this archive's own burials data. A man baptised at Omiš in 1657 is not contradicted by a death in 1686, but the act gives no death and the year must not be asserted from it. Read on FamilySearch, 27 September 2026. Church	record
★Francesco de' Franceschi, the painter	—	—	Venice · Padua	Venice	Namesake · Painting
Franciscam Joanne Theresiam Defranceschi	—	—	Rijeka · Vitipolis, Modrus-Fiume, Magyarország	Not placed	Household	record
Francisci Defranceschi	—	—	Kaštelir, Istra	No place	Family tree	tree
Franciscus Defranceschi	—	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Gologorica pedigree · The record behind this row is a differently named child. `1:1:6B47-ZB8H` is Emanuel Antonius, born 25 December 1859 and baptised on New Year's Day 1860 at Kaštelir. The dates 1819–1892 were copied on a name match and are withdrawn. Read on FamilySearch, 27 September 2026.	record tree
Franco De Franceschi	—	—	Rovinj	Not placed	Record index	record tree
Franco Defranceschi	—	—	Rovinj	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Françoise Guillellemont (Defranceschi)	—	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Franz Defranceschi	1822	—	—	No place	Family tree	record tree
Gasparo De Franceschi	—	—	Labin	Not placed	Record index	record
Gasparo Defranceschi	—	—	—	No place	Family tree	record tree
Gaspero Defranceschi	1688	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Giacoma Defranceschi (di Prato)	1789	—	Mione · Mione, Ovaro, Udine, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italia	Carnia	Read off the register · Born 25 May 1789 at Mione — the date read off a baptismal extract copied from the Pieve di Gorto's «Libro dei Battezzi» in 1806. Daughter of Osvaldo De' Franceschi and Cattarina; married Ignazio di Prato of Chialina that year. She had been in this archive since the MyHeritage import, with no source and no dates.	record tree
Giacomo Defranceschi	—	—	Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia	No place	Family tree · ⚠ The record behind this row is a different person entirely. `1:1:QJDZ-K8ZX` is Germano Defranceschi, baptised 15 September 1909 at Santo Stefano Protomartire, Cloz, Trento* — not Giacomo, not 2012, and not Broken Hill.* The death year was copied from this archive's own graves data on a name match. Held pending a decision on whether the row should exist.	record tree
Gian / Giovanni / Ivan Battista Defranceschi	—	—	Gologorica, Istra	No place	Family tree	tree
Gio Batta De Franceschi	—	—	Šterna	Not placed	Record index	record
Gioanná Victoriam Franceschi	—	—	Rijeka, Modrus-Fiume, Hungary	Not placed	Household
Giorgius Defranceschi	—	—	Pula	S. Istria	Record index	record
Giovanna Toso (Defranceschi)	—	—	Pasian di Prato · Pasian di Prato, Udine, Italy	Carnia	Family tree	record tree
Giovanna / Zuanna Beluzzi (Defranceschi)	—	—	Pula · Draguč	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Giovanni Batta Defranceschi	—	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Giovanni Battista Defranceschi	—	—	Rijeka	Not placed	Biography · Citizen of Fiume	tree
Giovanni Defranceschi	—	—	Ližnjan	No place	Family tree · A different name, a different region, a different decade. `1:1:QJDZ-2W3K` is Giuseppe Costante Defranceschi, born 14 July 1856 at Telve, Trento. The dates 1845–1846 were copied on a name match and are withdrawn. Read on FamilySearch, 27 September 2026.	record tree
Giovanni, Gian Battista Defranceschi	—	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Giovanni Maria Defranceschi	1799	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Family tree · Married Lucia Bonassin 9 June 1821, house 356, aged 22; son of Pietro De Franceschi q.m Gio: Maria and the late Veniera Francin — named for a grandfather already dead in 1818	record tree
Giovanni Nep Defranceschi	—	—	Rijeka · Fiume, Modrus-Fiume, Ungheria	Not placed	Record index	record
Giuseppa Ludovica Defranceschi	—	—	Rijeka · Fiume, Modrus-Fiume, Ungheria	Not placed	Record index	record
Giuseppa Piazza (Defranceschi)	—	—	Rivolta d'Adda · Rivolta d'Adda, Cremona, Lombardy, Italy	No place	Family tree	record tree
Giuseppe Defranceschi	—	—	Croatia, parish not named	No place	Family tree · The record behind this row is a different person in a different century. `1:1:Q2Q4-WNSF` is Teresa Defranceschi, born 8 December 1881 at Rivolta d'Adda, Cremona, Lombardia* — a woman, ninety-seven years later, five hundred kilometres away.* The dates 1784–1819 were copied from this archive's own burials data on a name match. Held pending a decision on whether the row should exist. Read on FamilySearch, 27 September 2026.	record tree
Giuseppe Joseph Defranceschi	—	—	Immacolata Concezione · Immacolata Concezione, Strigno, Trento, Trentino-Alto Adige, Italia	Trentino	Family tree	record tree
Guilio Defranceschi	—	—	Rijeka · Fiume, Modrus-Fiume, Ungheria	Not placed	Record index	record
Guiseppe "Joseph" DeFranceschi	—	—	Gologorica · Gologorica, Istra, Croatia	No place	Family tree	tree
Guiseppe / Josephus / Josip Defranceschi	—	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Helen Defranceschi	—	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Ignatium Defranceschi	—	—	Rijeka	Not placed	Record index	record
★Jean-Baptiste-Marie Franceschi	—	—	France · Spain	Abroad	Namesake · Arms
★Jean Defranceschi	—	—	Corsica · France	Abroad	Namesake · History
Joanem Bap Defranceschi	—	—	—	No place	Record index	record
Joanem Baptista Defranceschi	—	—	—	No place	Family tree	record tree
Rosa Defranceschi	1848	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Gologorica pedigree · The same person as Rosa Defranceschi — same years, same place, entered twice from the same reading. Not a wrong date, a double insert. Adjudicated 27 September 2026. ⚠ And on 5 October 2026 the name on both rows was corrected. The Gologorica register names this child ROSA, born 7 June 1848, not «Joanna, 9 June 1848» as the family tree had her. The correction is published; the pid is kept, because a moved id is a dead URL, and the row will go on reading `joanna-defranceschi-1848-2` for ever.
Joanna Deklić (Defranceschi)	—	—	Kaštelir · Kaštelir, Croatia	No place	Family tree	record tree
Joannem De Franceschi	—	—	Rijeka · Rijeka, Modrus-Fiume, Hungary	Not placed	Record index	record
Joannem Defranceschi	—	—	Bakar	Not placed	Record index	record
Joannem / John / Joannes / Ivan / Giovanni Baptista Defranceschithird cousin five times removed	—	—	Bakar · Bakar, Primorsko-goranska	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Joannes Baptista Defranceschi	1752	1813	Gologorica	Carnia	Gologorica pedigree · The same person as Joannes Baptista Defranceschi — same name, same years, same place, entered twice from the same reading. Not a wrong date, a double insert, which is the other thing a copied year can mean. Adjudicated 27 September 2026.
Joannes Defranceschi	—	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Gologorica pedigree · Another child's dates, and the parish proves it. This row is the Gologorica* Joannes; the years 1871–1872 were copied from this archive's own burials data, which records a Joannes buried at Ližnjan.* Two parishes, one set of dates, and only one of them earned them. Adjudicated 27 September 2026.	tree
★Joannes Mathias Franceschi	—	1798	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · *He was parish priest of Gračišće, and this archive had him down as the word «Don».* > «Idem · [domus] 63 · 29 Martij* [1798] · *admodum R[everen]d[u]s D[omi]n[u]s MATH. DE FRANCESCHI, ex Parocho GALLEGNA[nensi]* · annorum 62 · Paralisia»* (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069235, page 15 of the Gologorica death register.) *Ex Parocho Gallignanensi — formerly parish priest of Gallignana, which is GRAČIŠĆE: not a neighbouring parish picked at random but this line's own second home, the parish Francisca and Joanna came out of.* He died at Gologorica on 29 March 1798, aged sixty-two, of a stroke, at house 63. Born about 1736. What this row held before: his name, the place «Gologorica», the line «carnia», and for a note the single word *«Don». A title somebody had written down and nobody had looked for.* ⚠ His parents are NOT established. The entry gives his age and his office and no father. The book's index files him under «Defranceschi Joseph · N.º 17» — the household this archive follows — but *an index is a clerk's filing decision, not a statement of descent, and no parent is attached to him on the strength of it.* What to do next: ask the Gračišće registers who held the cure in the 1760s–1790s. They are on the reel that is already the first errand. ⭐ 6 October 2026, same walk — and he was parish priest of GOLOGORICA too. The Sepeliens column of the death register — who performed the burial — reads at the head of 1787: «[Defran]ceschi, P[aro]chus Loci» — Defranceschi, parish priest of this place, with «Idem» running down the page beneath him. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069230, page 5.) *So a priest of this surname was burying the people of his own village in 1787–88, and the 1798 entry styles him by* Gallignana rather than Gologorica — which is what you would expect of a man who had given up the local cure years before, and is why the book's index calls him «ex Parochus». ⚠ One man or two is not settled. The index lists only one Defranceschi priest, which favours one man with two cures; it does not prove it. The Gračišće registers would, and they are on the reel that is the first errand. --- ⭐⭐ 9 October 2026 — HE NAMES HIMSELF, AND HE IS FOUR YEARS EARLIER IN THIS CURE THAN THIS ROW HAD HIM. The Gologorica marriage register 1770–1789, opened for the first time today, has him officiating in the first person — which in a marriage entry means *the hand is his own. 12 November 1782 · «per me Parochum Franceschi* in facie Ecclesiæ»* 12 January 1785 · «per me Parocum Joannē · Mathiam Franceschi* in facie Ecclesiæ»* 22 November 1785 · «Ego idem Parochus de Franceschi hujus loci» (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069003 and M01069004.) ⭐ The forename this row already carried now has a document behind it. This row was headed Joannes Mathias Franceschi while the only evidence in the archive was a burial reading «MATH.* DE FRANCESCHI»* and a death column with no forename at all. *The 1785 entry is the first time he is seen writing it himself.* ⚠ And it is still only half proved: «Mathiam» is written out, «Joannē» is an abbreviation, and a second construction has not been found. ⭐ He held Gologorica by November 1782. This row's earliest sighting of him in this cure was the Sepeliens column heading 1786. The marriage register puts him in it four years earlier, with the fuller title «Parochus» rather than «Presbyter Loci». *⚠ «One man or two»* is NARROWED, not settled.** He is parish priest of Gologorica continuously from 12 November 1782 to at least 22 November 1785. So if the Gračišće cure was also his, it falls *before 1782 or after 1785* — and his burial calls him «ex Parocho Gallegnanensi», past tense. Still the Gračišće registers that would decide it, and still on the reel that is the first errand. And he writes the surname both ways in one book — «Franceschi» twice, «de Franceschi» once. Worth knowing before anybody treats the two forms as two families. --- *⚠ CORRECTION, same afternoon — the word «continuously»* above is withdrawn, and so is the bracket built on it.** M01069004 has a Deprato styled «Parochum» on 1 February 1785 — three weeks after this man's own entry of 12 January 1785. *He is parish priest on the dates where he signs; he was not shown to hold the cure across the gaps, and the entries in those gaps had not been read because they do not carry the surname.* «One man or two» is back where it was. Method row. ⭐ What the same reading DID add: he is earlier again. M01069002 gives «per me Parochum Franceschi* in facie Ecclesiæ»* on 11 July 1782, and his predecessor «Marcum Bancich Parochum huius Loci» still in office in the autumn of 1780. (doc — ZM34K-214, M01069002.) --- ⭐⭐ AND THE SECOND CONSTRUCTION TURNED UP ON THE NEXT FRAME — the whole name, in his own hand. > 29 February 1788 — «Ego JOANNES MATTHIAS de FRANCESCHI, Parocus hujus loci, Joannem viduum Bubich ex Parochia Cerougliensi...» > 1786 — «Ego Joannes de Franceschi, Parochus hujus Loci, Lucam filium Andreæ Cancianich sive Stvapich hujus Parochiæ rusticum...» (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069005.) This row was headed «Joannes Mathias Franceschi» while the only evidence was a burial reading «MATH. DE FRANCESCHI». It was right, and the register now says so in full.** The flag raised an hour ago — that «Joannē» was an abbreviation with no second construction — is discharged. And his attested tenure of Gologorica now runs 11 July 1782 — 29 February 1788, ⚠ on the dates where he signs and no wider; the Deprato of February 1785 stands inside it. --- # ⭐⭐⭐ A FOURTH book, and it buries him as GOLOGORICA's priest — with a different year and a different age > 29. · *Rev.ᵈᵒ Sig.ʳ Gio: Mattia Defranceschi, Paroco del luogo, d'anni 66* — *1797* (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069207: the Gologorica obit calendar, a perpetual index of the dead by day of the year, opened for the first time on 9 October 2026.) ⭐ The forename, a fourth time, and the first in Italian. «Gio: Mattia» — beside «Joannē Mathiam» (1785), «Ego Joannes de Franceschi» (1786) and «Ego Joannes Matthias de Franceschi» (1788). *This row's name is now carried by four independent entries.* *⭐⭐ «PAROCO DEL LUOGO»* — and the burial entry says «ex Parocho Gallegnanensi».** One parish buries him as its own priest; the other book styles him Gračišće's former one, on the same day. That is the strongest thing yet said for «one man, two cures» — ⚠ and it is not proof: a calendar kept up by a successor records the man they knew, and in this village «Parochus» was a style two «De—» men wore within weeks. ⚠⚠ TWO FIGURES NOW DISAGREE, AND NEITHER IS CHANGED HERE. obit calendar · death register day · 29 March · 29 March year · 1797, explicit, in the ruled column · [1798] — *bracketed: supplied from the page heading, not written on the entry* age · d'anni 66 → b. c. 1731 · annorum 62 → b. c. 1736 *The calendar's year is written where the register's was inferred, which is a reason to weigh it and not a reason to move the row — a perpetual calendar is compiled after the fact and a year can slip in it too.* ⚠ The age is the harder disagreement, because both are explicit, and four years is not a slip of the pen. Nothing in this archive dates him independently. The tension is published rather than resolved. --- # ⭐⭐⭐ HE IS HERE IN 1768, AND AS A CURATE — his career now has a shape > «…nulloque legitimo impedimento detecto.* *Ego JOANNES MATTHIAS DE FRANCESCHI, COOPERATOR hujus loci, viduum Michaelem Gadda q.ᵐ Andrea ex Cherbune…» (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069006, the last frame of the item before KRAJ.) *A fifth attestation of the full name, and the earliest of the five.* And a different office: «Cooperator» — the curate, not the incumbent. Nov 1768 · «Cooperator* hujus loci»* by 11 July 1782 · «Parochum* Franceschi»* 29 Feb 1788 · «Parocus* hujus loci»* 29 March 1797/8 · buried «ex Parocho Gallegnanensi», aged 66 or 62 *⚠⚠ And it narrows «one man or two»* for the first time in a useful direction.** Curate here in 1768–69, parish priest here 1782–1788 — *so if one man held Gallignana too, it falls in roughly 1769×1782.* That is a window where this row previously had only «before 1782 or after 1785». ⚠ Still not proof, and the day's correction stands. ⭐ Taking the obit calendar's 66 at face value he was born about 1731, so he is 37 when he signs this as curate — which is an ordinary age for the office and does nothing to choose between 66 and 62. --- ⭐⭐ ⚠ A TITULAR CANON OF PEDENA CATHEDRAL OF THIS SURNAME — and the objection travels with it. > «Michael Gasparich … baptizatus est* *a Rev.ᵐᵒ D. MATHIA DEFRANCESCHI, CANONICO TITULARI Ecclesiæ CATHEDRALIS PETENENSIS» (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01068966, the register's last entry, 17 September; the year is 1781 by position — the preceding entries are 1781 and the book is titled to 1781.) *A Defranceschi who is a titular canon of Pedena cathedral, baptising at Gologorica.* That is the handle on the Pedena chapter this archive has wanted since the Count Damian entry of 1720, and it is one of ours. ⚠⚠ BUT FOURTEEN MONTHS EARLIER THE SAME REGISTER GIVES THE SAME TITLE TO A DIFFERENT MAN. 2 July 1780: «patrini fuerunt Rev.ᵈᵒ D. Mathias BAXA, Canonicus Titularis Cathedralis Eccl. Petinensis». *Two men, both called Mathias, both styled titular canon of Pedena, in one small parish's register inside fourteen months.* Both words were magnified and they are not the same word — «Baxa» is short, «Defranceschi» is long and carries the usual De-fran-ceschi shape — so this is not a misreading of one entry.* Either the chapter had two titular canons of that forename, or one entry attaches the title to the wrong surname. ⚠ *And whether the canon is THIS man is inf, deliberately.* The chronology fits — curate here 1768, canon 1781, parish priest by 1782 — and a titular canonry sits perfectly well on a man holding a cure. *But neither the obit calendar nor the burial of 1797/8 mentions a canonry, and this village has more than one «De—»* family and repeats its forenames. No separate row is minted, because minting one would assert a second man as confidently as merging would assert a single one.* --- ⭐ 10 October — four months earlier again, and he signs the deaths all through 1782. 13 March 1782 · «provisa Sacramentis … per me Parochum Franceschi» 22 March 1782 · «per me Parochum Mathia Franceschi» May 1782 · «per me Parochum Franceschi» 20 September 1782 · «per me Parochum hujusdem Loci* M. Franceschi»* (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01068988–M01068991, «Liber Mortuorum II».)* *His attested tenure as Parochus now begins 13 March 1782, where yesterday it began 11 July* — and the name is now carried by eight entries across five books. ⚠ The standing caveat holds: a Deprato wears the same style three weeks from one of his 1785 entries. --- *⭐⭐ 10 October — THE SUCCESSION IS DATED, AND A «CANON FRANCESCHI»* IS AT THE DEATHBED.** > «Die 25 Januarij hora nona … obijt R.ᵐᵘˢ Archipresbiter et Parochus hujus loci Gollogoritiæ D.ⁿᵘˢ MARCUS BANCICH, 75 annorum … nec non in articulo mortis Pontificiis benedictionis Apostolicæ *per CANONICUM FRANCESCHI» (doc — DAPA* ZM34K-214, M01068981, «Liber Mortuorum II», 25 January 1782.)* 25 Jan 1782 · his predecessor dies; a Canon Franceschi gives the last blessing 13 March 1782 · «per me Parochum Franceschi» — his own first signature *Seven weeks.* This archive could previously date the handover only to «between late 1780 and July 1782». ⭐ And it bears on the canonry. Yesterday a «Mathia Defranceschi, Canonico Titulari* Ecclesiæ Cathedralis Petenensis»* turned up in the 1781 baptisms, flagged hard because the same register gives that title to a Baxa fourteen months earlier. *Here the Canon Franceschi is at the parish priest's deathbed, seven weeks before a Parochus Franceschi starts signing.* The obvious reading is one man. ⚠ Still inf — no forename here, and the Baxa objection is untouched. --- ⭐⭐ 11 October 2026 — four years earlier than anything else on this row, and the formula says what he was not. > 18 Februarij 1764 · «Ego *Mathias Defranceschi* [—]ᵘˢ Sacerdos *de licentia Parochi* baptizavi Mathiam filiam legitimam defuncti Thomæ ac Mathiæ jugalium Zabran alias Strapich» (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01068918, the first text page of «Liber Baptizatorum II», in his own hand, between two entries of Marcus Bancich.) His earliest appearance until now was 1768, as Cooperator. «De licentia Parochi» — by leave of the parish priest — says he held *no office at Gologorica in February 1764. (inf* that this is the same man, on the second forename, the surname, the parish and the arithmetic: born about 1736, he is twenty-eight here. ⚠ One word between the surname and «Sacerdos» is not settled and is not being guessed.) ✔✔ And the flag raised with it is discharged the same morning. > 15 Octobris 1766 · «patrini fuerunt* *R.ᵈᵘˢ D. Mathias Defranceschi* et Euphemia uxor Judicis Antonij Flegar ex Novaco»* (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01068921, in the hand of Marcus Bancich — told here.) *A different hand writes the name, and writes it the same: «Mathias Defranceschi», two years after his own entry. He now carries a style —* «R.ᵈᵘˢ D.», *Reverendus Dominus. ⚠⚠ This sentence asserted a single career and is WITHDRAWN, 11 October 2026* — the 1774 entry gives a CANONICUS, and the registers keep two sequences apart. One man or two is no longer asserted. ⚠ The doubtful word in the 1764 entry is *still* not read — only the name is settled. --- ⚠⚠ 11 October 2026 — THE LADDER PUBLISHED ON THIS ROW THIS MORNING IS WITHDRAWN. It read: «the ladder is* 1764 no office · 1766 Reverendus Dominus · 1768 Cooperator · 1782 Parochus». It merged two sequences the registers keep apart.* > 31 Augusti 1774 · «baptizatus est* *ab Admodum R.ᵈᵒ D.ⁿᵒ CANONICO MATTHIA DEFRANCESCHI, de licentia Parochi hujus Loci» (DAPA ZM34K-214, M01068932.) plain «Mathias» — never an officer here · «Joannes Matthias» — the parish's own 1764 Sacerdos, «de licentia Parochi» · 1768 *COOPERATOR hujus loci* 1766 R.ᵈᵘˢ D., godfather · 1782–88 *PAROCUS hujus loci* 1772 Sacerdos, «loco Parochi» 1774 *CANONICUS, «de licentia Parochi»* 1781 *Canonicus Titularis* of Pedena *One man or two, this archive is no longer saying.* ⚠ The 1798 entry on this row abbreviates him to «MATH.* de Franceschi», so the forename does not decide it.* [The correction is on the corrections page.* ✔✔ AND THE SAME DAY, THE BOOK ANSWERS IT. > 24 Februarij 1782 · «Ego* *JOANNES MATHIAS FRANCESCHI, CANONICUS et PAROCHUS GOLLOGORITIÆ» (M01068941, *his own hand.) One man.* Canon of Pedena and parish priest of Gologorica, both titles in one phrase, the long forename used to write them. And the succession is dated, with its cause: 26 Dec 1781 · «baptizatus fuit* *à me, Mathia de Franceschi Can.ᶜᵒ» — deputising 10 Jan 1782 · «Ego Mathias de Franceschi, Canonicus … (:* *cujus Parochus infirmus est, D.ⁿᵘˢ presbiter* Marcus Bancich :)»* 20 Jan 1782 · «Infirmo D.ⁿᵒ Parocho hujus Loci Gollogoritiæ…» 25 Jan 1782 · *Bancich dies* 24 Feb 1782 · «Canonicus et Parochus Gollogoritiæ» *He narrates his own handover inside the register while it happens.* Told in full here. ⭐ And the book changes shape with him: from 8 November 1781 *every entry carries a house number. Marcus Bancich numbered none in eighteen years.*
Joannes Petrus Defranceschi	—	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Gologorica pedigree · ⭐ 7 October 2026 — two dated appearances, and a child named after him. This row carried no note at all. > 12 March 1747, Gračišće baptisms (M01070137): «Patrini fuerunt Joannes Petrus de Franceschi* nec non Joanna uxor Judicis Joannis Salamon»* — at the baptism of Franciscus Gregorius, son of Judge Ignatius Martinich and Lucia. (doc.) This archive already held him standing for the same couple's daughter on 5 May 1744, folio 160 of the previous book, beside «Mattia uxor Suppani Joannis Grach». ⭐⭐ And on 2 April 1750 that couple christened a son «Joannes Petrus» — with «Josephus de Franceschi Gollagoriciensis» standing. *They named the child after him.* ⚠ No parents, age or house are attached to him on any of the three entries, and none is inferred here. The story is told in full on the line page. ⭐ 7 October, later — and the sweep of the whole book puts him in company. Six Defranceschi appear in sixty-two years of Gračišće baptisms and every one is a godparent; five are labelled «of Gologorica». *Four of the six stand for the same family of village judges* — Ignatius Martinich in 1744, 1747, 1750 and 1752, and Franciscus Martinich in 1783. --- *⭐⭐ 9 October 2026 — this row said «no parents, age or house are attached to him on any of the three entries». A fourth entry gives two of the three.* > 8. · *Sig.ʳ Giovanni Pietro Defranceschi, N.º 36, d'anni 86½* — *1781* (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069216: the Gologorica obit calendar, under 8 September.) **«Giovanni Pietro» is «Joannes Petrus»*, in the Italian the Gologorica books use for their index.* An age of 86½ in September 1781 puts his birth about March 1695 — so he was 49, 52 and 55 at the three Gračišće fonts, which is exactly the age of a man asked to stand for a village judge's children. And it gives him a house: N.º 36, the senior Defranceschi door at Gologorica. ⚠ inf, and not merged with the tree row that carries 1695–1781. Nothing in this entry names the godparent of Gračišće; the join rests on a distinctive double forename, one parish and an age that fits. A moved or merged id is a dead URL, and both rows carry the argument. --- ⭐ 10 October — the contemporary death entry, and it names his tomb. > «36. · *Die 8 Septembris obijt* · *Dominus Joannes Petrus Defranceschi annorum 86, mensium 4, provisus in sua infirmitate Sacramentis Pœnitentiæ, Eucharistiæ et Extremæ Unctionis per me* Marcum Bancich Parochum hujus Loci; sepultus est 9 in *propria Arca ejusdem, per D.ⁿᵘᵐ* Carolum Covas, Canonicum» (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01068980, «Liber Mortuorum II», male sequence, 8 September 1781.)* Yesterday's join of this row to the tree row was made from the obit calendar, a copy of 1800. The register itself gives the same day, the same house 36, and an age of «86, mensium 4». ⭐⭐ And he owned the family tomb. «sepultus est 9* *in propria Arca ejusdem» — and Leonardus the weaver was buried in 1773 «in Arca D.ⁿⁱ Petri Defranceschi», *eight years before its owner.* ⚠ How the two men were related is not stated and is not guessed. The join of this row to the tree row remains inf.* ⭐ 11 October 2026 — a fourth appearance, seventeen years after the third, and this time in his own parish. > 11 Martij 1767 · «patrini fuerunt* *D.ⁿᵘˢ Joannes Petrus Defranceschi* et Helena uxor D.ⁿⁱ Josephi Defranceschi»* (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01068922, Gologorica «Liber Baptizatorum II».) The three entries this row already held are 1744, 1747 and 1750, all at Gračišće. *This is Gologorica, and it is 1767.* ⚠ It is consistent with this row and «Sig.ʳ Giovanni Pietro Defranceschi, d'anni 86½», dead 1781, being one man — he would be seventy-two here, and «Dominus» is the Latin of «Sig.ʳ». *It does not prove it, and the rows are still not joined.*
Joannis Defranceschi	—	—	Kaštelir · Kaštelir, Istra, Hrvatska	No place	Family tree	tree
Johannes Baptista Defranceschi	—	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Josefa Marti (Defranceschi)	—	—	San Lorenzo · San Lorenzo, Santa Fe, Argentina	Abroad	Family tree	record tree
Joseph Defranceschi	1929	2013	Chalfont, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, USA	No place	Family tree · The same person as Joseph DeFranceschi — same name, same years, same place, entered twice from the same reading. Not a wrong date, a double insert, which is the other thing a copied year can mean. Adjudicated 27 September 2026.	tree
Josepham Catharinam Defranceschi	—	—	Rijeka · Vitipolis, Modrus-Fiume, Magyarország	Not placed	Household	record
Josepham Ludovicam Joannam Nepomuc Defranceschi	—	—	Rijeka · Vitipolis, Modrus-Fiume, Magyarország	Not placed	Household	record
Josephi Defranceschi	—	—	Ližnjan	No place	Family tree · Placed at Ližnjan on 13 September 2026 — not from any place text in the index, which gives none, but from the parish whose register book the children's images are bound into.	tree
Josephus Defranceschi	—	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Gologorica pedigree · Another child's dates, and the parish proves it. This row is the Gologorica* Josephus; the years 1862–1870 were copied from a burial at Kaštelir.* The Kaštelir row already carries a note that the tree and this archive disagree about his birth year — a disagreement this row was silently inheriting. Adjudicated 27 September 2026.
Juliam Mariam Franciscam De Franceschi	—	—	Rijeka · Vitipolis, Modrus-Fiume, Magyarország	Not placed	Record index	record
Julius Defranceschi	—	—	Rijeka	No place	Family tree · The dates on this row are impossible and were copied from a burial. `1:1:6B47-ZBGJ` is the baptism of his daughter Cattarina at Kaštelir on 9 November 1829, mother Maria Sesalin, where he is named as the father Julius De Franceschi. He was fathering a child in 1829 and this archive published him as born in 1833. He is not the Julius who died in 1833. No year of his own is recorded.	record tree
Katharina Defranceschi (Dalladia)	—	—	Österreich	No place	Family tree	record tree
Katharina Defranceschi (Dallagiacoma)	—	—	Österreich	No place	Family tree	record tree
Katharina Defranceschi (Delladio)	—	—	—	No place	Family tree	record tree
Laura Franceschi	—	—	Omiš, Split-Dalmatia, Croazia	Venice	Household
Lazzara Giovanna (Defranceschi)	—	—	Paluzza · Paluzza, Udine, Italia	Carnia	Family tree	tree
Leonardus Defranceschi	1766	1848	Gologorica, Pazin, Istria	No place	Family tree · The same person as Leonardus Defranceschi — same name, same years, same place, entered twice from the same reading. Not a wrong date, a double insert, which is the other thing a copied year can mean. Adjudicated 27 September 2026.	tree
Leonardus Defranceschi the elder	—	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · ⭐ He was a name with no dates and no note at all. He now has a day, a year and a son. > 2. · *Leonardo Defranceschi* — *1751* > 13. · Pietro Sepcich — 1647 · *Matteo figlio q. Leonardo Defranceschi* — *1755* (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069219: the Gologorica obit calendar, under 2 and 13 November.) *Leonardo Defranceschi died on 2 November 1751, and four years later the same calendar buries* Matteo, son of the late Leonardo — whose «q.» confirms, from a second entry, that his father was already dead. ⚠ *That this is the man this row was made for is inf.* The row was minted as «the elder» to hold a Leonardus distinct from the one the family tree dates 1697–1773, and a Leonardo dying in 1751 is what that row was for — *but the calendar gives no age, no house and no patronymic, and nothing here proves the two are the same construction.* ⚠ AND HE IS NOW A CANDIDATE FOR SOMETHING ELSE. The marriage of 9 June 1774 calls its groom «q.ᵐ Leonardi filius» — son of a late Leonardus. This archive published that, the same day, as probably the Leonardus who died in 1773. *A man marrying in 1774 whose father died in 1751 is simply a man of twenty-three or more, so this Leonardo fits the word just as well* — and he has a document where the other has a family tree. The identification has been weakened accordingly.
Liberatus Maria Xaverius Defranceschi	—	—	Pazin	Not placed	Record index	record
LOUISIANA Defranceschi	—	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Luca De Franceschi	—	—	Vrsar	Not placed	Record index	record
★Luca di Nicolò de Franceschi	—	—	Candia, Crete	Crete	Namesake · Nobility
Lucia Bonassin (Defranceschi)	—	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Family tree · Corrected 13 September 2026: the year 1822 was carried here as a birth year and cannot be one. She is the mother in the household «Gio Maria De Franceschi × Lucia Bonassin» (1822–1831), so 1822 is the year she first appears in the record — the baptism of her eldest known child — not the year she was born. Her birth is unknown.	record tree
Lucia Defranceschi (Lazaro)	—	—	Pomer · Pomer, Istra	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Lucia Lliman (Defranceschi)	—	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Lucia Rodella (Defranceschi)	—	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Mandalina De Franceschi	—	—	Omiš · Omiš, Split-Dalmatia, Croazia	Venice	Household	record
Margaretha Rossi (Defranceschi)	—	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Margarita Mursiglia (Defranceschi)	—	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Margaritta Franceschi	—	—	Omiš, Split-Dalmatia, Croazia	Venice	Household
Maria Abba (Defranceschi)	1841	—	Draguč	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Maria Anna Charnar (Defranceschi)	—	—	Pazin	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Maria Antonia Defranceschi	—	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Gologorica pedigree
Maria Baldi (Defranceschi)	—	—	San Giacomo · San Giacomo, Grigno, Trento, Italy	Trentino	Family tree	record tree
Maria Defranceschi	1757	1757	—	No place	Family tree	record tree
Maria Defranceschi (Browachio)	—	—	Rijeka	No place	Family tree · The dates on this row were never hers, and were copied from an unrelated Rijeka burial. Her own record, `1:1:6V3F-2KLZ`, is the birth of her daughter Katharina Johanna Browachio on 22 January 1907 at Termeno, Bolzano, husband Johann Browachio. A hundred and fifty years and a different country from what this archive printed. No year of her own is recorded.	record tree
Maria Defranceschi (Buman)	—	—	Rijeka	No place	Family tree · The fifth of the five Marias, and the last to be cleared. Like Browachio, Contossich, Covaz and Dobrez, this row carried b. 1757, d. 1757 at Rijeka copied from a single burial. Its only identifier is an image ark, `3:1:3QSQ-G99X-GCWQ`, which addresses a page and not a person, so there is nothing here to test the years against. Five women cannot be born, die and acquire a married surname in the same year, and this is the fifth. Adjudicated 27 September 2026.	record tree
Maria Defranceschi (Contossich)	—	—	Rijeka	No place	Family tree · The dates on this row were never hers. Her own record, `1:1:6B47-QNFV`, is her marriage in 1788* to Zuanne Contossich son of Pietro; she is named as daughter of Antonio De Franceschi.* A woman marrying in 1788 was published here as having died in 1757. No year of her own is recorded.	record tree
Maria Defranceschi (Covaz)	—	—	Rijeka	No place	Family tree · ⚠ This row may not be a Defranceschi at all. The record behind it, `1:1:6BKF-6CF8`, is the baptism of Mariam Covaz on 20 September 1766, daughter of Antonij Covaz and Mariả Covaz — the name Defranceschi does not appear in it. The dates were copied from an unrelated Rijeka burial. Held pending a decision on whether the row should exist.	record tree
Maria Defranceschi (Dobrez)	—	—	Rijeka	No place	Family tree · The dates on this row were never hers. Her own record, `1:1:6B47-4RRY`, is the baptism of her daughter Catharina at Kaštelir on 8 September 1853, father Josephus Dobrez, where she is named as the mother. She was bearing children in 1853 and was published here as dead in 1757. No year of her own is recorded.	record tree
Maria Delli Zolti (Defranceschi)	—	—	Paluzza · Paluzza, Udine, Italia	Carnia	Family tree	tree
Maria Dominica Defranceschi (Hafner)	—	—	Österreich	No place	Family tree	record tree
Maria Dorliguzzo (Defranceschi)	—	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Family tree · Corrected 13 September 2026: the year 1841 was carried here as a birth year and cannot be one. She is the mother in the household «Domenico De Franceschi × Maria Dorliguzzo» (1837–1851), so 1841 is the year she first appears in the record — the baptism of her eldest known child — not the year she was born. Her birth is unknown.	record tree
Maria Faustina (Defranceschi)	—	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Maria Kassler (Defranceschi)	—	—	Österreich	No place	Family tree	record tree
Maria Lazzaro (Defranceschi)	—	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Maria Malusa (Defranceschi)	—	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Family tree · Corrected 13 September 2026: the year 1816 was carried here as a birth year and cannot be one. She is the mother in the household «Pietro De Franceschi × Maria Malusá» (1816–1824), so 1816 is the year she first appears in the record — the baptism of her eldest known child — not the year she was born. Her birth is unknown.	record tree
Maria Pittino (Defranceschi)	—	—	Paluzza · Paluzza, Udine, Italia	Carnia	Family tree	tree
Maria Premusviliic (Defranceschi)	—	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Maria Primus (Defranceschi)	—	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
María Rosa Magdalena Defranceschi (Priori)	—	—	Colonia · Colonia, Uruguay	Abroad	Family tree	record tree
Maria Rosalia Defranceschi	—	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Gologorica pedigree · The Gologorica pedigree's own entry for her (`@I7@`), carrying no dates and the note «Daughter of Joannes Baptista (casa 36) and Mariana». The register gives the mother as Catharina Joblich* and the baptism as 20 July 1789.* Held as the same person as Maria Rosalia Defranceschi, b. 20 July 1789 — the register entry that documents her is cited on that row. The pid is kept and not deleted, because a moved id is a dead URL; `sameAs` is how this archive says two rows are one woman without breaking either link.
Maria Sesalin (Defranceschi)	—	—	Kaštelir · Kaštelir, Istra, Croatia	No place	Family tree	record tree
Maria Silverio (Defranceschi)	—	—	Paluzza · Paluzza, Udine, Italia	Carnia	Family tree	record tree
Maria Stefanutti (Defranceschi)	—	—	Kaštelir · Kaštelir, Croatia	No place	Family tree	record tree
Maria Zanca (Defranceschi)	—	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Mariam De Franceschi	1632	—	Rijeka · Rijeka, Modrus-Fiume, Hungary	Not placed	Household · The same baptism as Mariam de Franceschi — 9 September 1632 at Rijeka, indexed a second time under a different collection. Read on FamilySearch, 27 September 2026.	record
Mariam Dorothæam Defranceschi	—	—	Bakar · Bakar, Primorsko-goranska, Hrvatska	Not placed	Household	record
Mariana Defranceschi	—	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Gologorica pedigree
Mariana Defranceschi (Rovis)	—	—	Mione · Mione, Ovaro, Udine, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italia	Carnia	Family tree	record tree
Marianna Defranceschi (Crosilla)	—	—	Mione · Mione, Ovaro, Udine, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italia	Carnia	Family tree	record tree
Marija Lovrencin / Lorencin (Defranceschi)	—	—	Zagreb (widow of Grga Defranceschi of Ližnjan)	No place	Read off the register · ⭐ 8 October 2026 — this row was imported from David's tree with no dates, no place and no note. A document he was sent gives her a husband. > «Marija rodj. Lovrencin, supruga mu» — named as the surviving spouse on the «Smrtni list» of Grga Defranceschi, who died at Zagreb on 11 November 1931, born at Ližnjan (Istra), a fitter with the State Railways, of «Mošćenička ul. 12», of the Old Catholic parish of sv. Križ, Zagreb (svez. I, str. 13, br. 17). (doc.) The spelling «Lovrencin» is the one the certificate uses; the tree's alternative «Lorencin» is kept in the name because a clerk's copy is not decisive on a surname. ⚠ Her own dates are still unknown — the certificate names her only as the widow.	tree
Mario Alejo Priori Defranceschi	—	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Mathaeus Defranceschi	—	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Matheus Franciscus De Franceschi	—	—	Rijeka · Vitipolis, Modrus-Fiume, Magyarország	Not placed	Household	record
Matteo Defranceschi	—	—	Poreč	No place	Family tree · ⚠ Unresolvable from here. `1:1:71ZV-V1W2` returns «This record can only be displayed on certain accounts»* — FamilySearch restricts it under an agreement with the record owner.* The dates 1874–1875 were copied on a name match and there is no way from this desk to test them, so they are withdrawn rather than left standing on an unverifiable basis. Read on FamilySearch, 27 September 2026.	record tree
Mattheus DeFranceschi	—	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Mattio De Franceschi	1674	—	Rovinj	Not placed	Record index	record
Michele C Defranceschi (De Laune)	—	—	—	No place	Family tree	record tree
★Niccolò de Franceschi	—	—	Omiš · Venice · Zadar	Venice	Namesake · Diplomacy	record
Nicefaro Defranceschi	—	—	Gračišće	Carnia	The Eleven · unknown
Nicolaus Francus De Franceschi	—	—	Rijeka · Vitipolis, Modrus-Fiume, Magyarország	Not placed	Household	record
Paolo Defranceschi	1846	—	—	No place	Family tree	record tree
Pasqua Defranceschi	—	—	Mione · Mione, Ovaro, Udine, Italia	Carnia	Family tree	tree
Pasqua Defranceschi (Luchin)	—	—	Mione · Mione, Ovaro, Udine, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italia	Carnia	Family tree	record tree
Pasqua Gorlato (Defranceschi)	1839	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Family tree	record tree
Pasquale Defranceschi	—	—	Gračišće	Carnia	The Eleven · unknown
Perina De Franceschi	—	—	Draguč · Pola, Italia	S. Istria	Household	record
Peter Defranceschi	—	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Petri Defranceschi	—	—	Santa Maria Assunta · Santa Maria Assunta, Fiera di Primiero, Trento, Trentino-Alto Adige, Italia	Trentino	Family tree	record tree
★Piero della Francesca	—	—	Borgo Sansepolcro	Other	Namesake · Painting, mathematics
★Piero di Benedetto "Piero della Francesca" Defranceschi	1415	1492	Sansepolcro · Sansepolcro, Tuscany	Other	Family tree · The family tree places the painter Piero della Francesca (1415–1492) of Sansepolcro in this family, with his father Benedetto and his mother Romana di Perino. Piero's father genuinely was a de' Franceschi of Sansepolcro, so the surname is his. No connection to the Istrian or Carnian family is documented anywhere, and none is claimed here. It is recorded because it is in the tree, and because a Tuscan graft on a Friulian surname is exactly the kind of join this archive exists to catch.	tree
Piero Franceschi	—	—	Fiume, Modrus-Fiume, Ungheria	Not placed	Household
Pietro De Franceschi	1734	—	Bale	Not placed	Record index	record
Pietro Defranceschi	—	—	Rijeka	Not placed	Family tree · ⚠ Correction, 28 September. This row was written up yesterday as a child of Valentino × Helena, the Carnian who came to Fiume in the 1730s. It is not. That couple's children run 1737–1757, and Pietro's act names his mother as Ursula, not Helena. Pietro is a child of the LATER Valentino — Valentinus Defranceschi, born 1775/76, who married Ursula de Berzoni at Fiume on 6 October 1793* (`1:1:6YBR-ZFPR`).* Baptised at Fiume on 10 April 1803. Right family, right port, wrong generation — which is the error this archive spent yesterday cataloguing in other people's work. Read on FamilySearch, 28 September 2026. Right man's name, right town, wrong century — by eighty-one years. `1:1:6B47-X6Z1` is the baptism of Pietro Defranceschi at Fiume on 10 April 1803, son of Valentino* and Ursula. The row carried 1884–1957, copied from this archive's own graves data.* Another child of the Valentino of Fiume, and with his mother's name — Ursula — which work list 143 did not have. Read on FamilySearch, 27 September 2026.	record tree
Robert Defranceschi	—	—	Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia	Abroad	Headstone · Broken Hill Cemetery
★Romana di Perino (Defranceschi)	—	—	Sansepolcro · Sansepolcro, Tuscany, Italy	Other	Family tree · The family tree places the painter Piero della Francesca (1415–1492) of Sansepolcro in this family, with his father Benedetto and his mother Romana di Perino. Piero's father genuinely was a de' Franceschi of Sansepolcro, so the surname is his. No connection to the Istrian or Carnian family is documented anywhere, and none is claimed here. It is recorded because it is in the tree, and because a Tuscan graft on a Friulian surname is exactly the kind of join this archive exists to catch.	tree
Rosa Magio (Defranceschi)	—	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Rosalia Defranceschi	—	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · Her row was a name and a place. She now has a date, a father and a role. > 26 February 1769 · «Maria filia legitima Josephi et Annæ jugalium* Flegar baptizata fuit a me Marco Bancich … patrini fuerunt *Dominus Josephus Defranceschi et ROSALIA EJUSDEM FILIA.» (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01068925, «Liber Baptizatorum II» 1764–1788 — a book this archive had never opened.) *Standing godmother at Gologorica on 26 February 1769, beside her father.* ⭐ Her father is named: Dominus Josephus Defranceschi — whose entire roster row was the single word «Dominus» until yesterday, and who has now gained Margarita, Marianna and this third daughter in two days. ⚠ No age, no birth, no death. A godmother in 1769 is of an age to stand — commonly fourteen or more — so she was *born by about 1755, which is an inference from the role and is recorded as one.* ⚠ Her mother is not named in this entry; Helena is her father's wife three weeks later and the identification is inf. --- ⭐⭐ And a second appearance, three years later — with her brother. > 20 February 1772 · «[Mat]hia filia legitima jugalium Leonardi et Catharinæ Deprato[—] baptizata est a me Marco Bancich Parocho hujus Loci; patrini fuerunt *D.ⁿᵘˢ JOANNES BAPTISTA DEFRANCESCHI FILIUS D.ⁿⁱ JOSEPHI, et ROSALIA FILIA EJUSDEM D.ⁿⁱ JOSEPHI.» (doc — DAPA* ZM34K-214, M01068930, «Liber Baptizatorum II», 20 February 1772. The ink is faint; the entry was magnified before transcription.) **She stands godmother beside Joannes Baptista Defranceschi, «filius D.ⁿⁱ Josephi»* — so they are brother and sister**, and the man whose only claim to a father was his own death entry of 1813 is named as Josephus's son here, aged twenty.* So her father's household now has four children in this archive: Rosalia · Joannes Baptista · Margarita · Marianna. ⚠ Hers and Marianna's are doc as daughters; Margarita's too; and Joannes Baptista's sonship is now doc twice over. ⭐ 11 October 2026 — two more, and the second names her father inside the entry. > 7 Martij 1775 · «patrini fuerunt* Joannes Verzin ex Carnia, professionis suæ Sartor, et *Rosalia filia D.ⁿⁱ Josephi Defranceschi ex hac Parochia» (M01068933) > 15 Martij 1776 · «patrini fuerunt* Joannes Baptista Defranceschi, et *Rosalia Defranceschi, filia D.ⁿⁱ Josephi Defranceschi, hujates» (M01068934) *Four appearances now — 1769, 1772, 1775, 1776 — and in 1776 she stands with her brother for the other branch's daughter.* Told here.
Simon De Franceschi	—	—	Omiš	Venice	Record index	record
Sinforosa Defranceschi (Volpi Campana)	1829	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Stefano de Franceschi	1831	—	Omiš	Venice	Omiš chart · Notario della città di Zara — notary of Zadar; wife Aquilina
Terenccia Franceschi	—	—	Omiš, Split-Dalmatia, Croazia	Venice	Household
Teresa Defranceschi	—	—	Rivolta d'Adda · Rivolta d'Adda, Cremona, Lombardia, Italia	No place	Family tree	record tree
Teresa Varesco (Defranceschi)	—	—	Assunzione di Maria Santissima · Assunzione di Maria Santissima, Telve, Trento, Italy	Trentino	Family tree	record tree
Teresia Defranceschi	—	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Theresia Defranceschi, née Grach	—	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Gologorica pedigree · ⭐⭐ Married at Gologorica on 9 June 1774, and the entry names her father and the priest who married her. > «45ᵃ Joannes Baptista Defranceschi q.ᵐ Leonardi filius, professionis suæ Textor, copulatus est cum Virgine Theresia, filia Antonij Grah ex Parochia Cherbune, à Rev.ᵐᵒ D.ⁿᵒ Archipresbytero et Parocho Cherbunensi Joanne Grah, in facie Ecclesiæ coram testibus ibidem notatis.» (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01068999, the Gologorica marriage register 1770–1789 — a book located in the frame map on 30 September and read for the first time on 9 October 2026.) *This row carried no note, no dates and no source of any kind.* It now carries a dated event, a father and a parish. - Her father: ANTONIUS GRAH, of the parish of Cherbune — Krbune, four kilometres away. New to this archive. - She married as «Virgine», a maiden — so this was her first marriage. - The priest who married her was JOANNES GRAH, archpriest and parish priest of Krbune — the same office, and this archive believes the same man, who stood godfather to her son Franciscus Antonius eleven years later as «Archipresbiter Grach». *The archive had him by office and surname only and was planning a letter to a diocesan archive to get his forename.* ⚠ She still has no birth, no death and no age. Nothing here supplies them. Her husband's household is casa 31, and the story is told on the line page. --- ⭐ Her eldest known child, found the same evening. > 45 · «Joannes Petrus Defranceschi, filius legitimus Joannis Bapt[istæ] Defranceschi* *et ejus uxoris Theresiæ» — 2 July 1780 (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01068965, Gologorica baptisms, 2 July 1780.)* *Six years after her marriage, and the earliest of her children this archive holds* — before Franciscus Antonius in 1785 and the Joannes Baptista of 1787. The son is here. ⚠ The entry names her only as «ejus uxoris Theresiæ» — no maiden name, no age. --- ⭐⭐ 11 October 2026 — a daughter, and she went home to Krbune to have her. > 15.ᵃ Martij 1776 · «*Josepha Mariana* filia legitima Joannis Baptistæ ejusque uxoris *Theresiæ, nata et baptizata ad Cherbunam* per R.ᵈᵘᵐ D.ⁿᵘᵐ Joannem Jadreicich, Capellanum Cherbunensem, de licentia … Archipresbyteri *Joannis Grah» (DAPA* ZM34K-214, M01068934.) *Twenty-one months after her wedding she bears her first recorded child in her own parish, and the archpriest who married her gives the leave for its baptism. The child is the Mariana who died at house 31 in 1786 aged ten. Told in full here.* *⭐⭐ And she is a godmother four times — twice beside her own husband, who is named «q.ᵐ Leonardi»* in the same clause. 26 Sep 1777** · «patrini fuerunt* Josephus Flegar, et *Theresia uxor Joannis Baptistæ Defranceschi» (M01068936) 7 Oct 1777 · the same pair again (M01068937) 26 Jan 1779 · «Joannes Baptista Defranceschi q.ᵐ Leonardi, et Theresia uxor ejusdem» (M01068938) 28 Mai 1779 · «Joannes Baptista Defranceschi* et *Theresia uxor ejusdem» (M01068938) *The marriage register is no longer the only document joining those two names.* Told here. ⭐ And a baptism register writes her maiden surname as part of her name. > 16 Januarij 1784 · «patrini fuere* *Dominus Joannes Bapta de Franceschi* et *THERESIA DEFRANCESCHI NATA GRACH, ambo ex hac Parochia» (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01068943, «Liber Baptizatorum II».) Until now «Grah» came only from her marriage entry. *Ten years after the wedding the parish still writes it.* ⭐ A fourth child: 12 August 1787. «natum ex* Joanne Baptista et Teresia Defranceschj, conjugibus hujus Parochiæ, professione Textor. Cui nomen impositum est *Joannes Bapta» (M01068946). Told here. --- ⭐⭐⭐ 11 October 2026 — a sixth godmother appearance, eighteen years later than any other, and the register puts her AT GALLIGNANA. > Gologorica baptisms, 25 January 1805, house 70 (M01069047), at the baptism of «Dominica Selesco ex Doll.»: > Patrini «Joseph: Baddetich fil: q. Johan» — conditio «gollogʒ.» > «Theresia grach Defranceschi uxor Joh: Baptistæ» — conditio «ex galligʒ.» In 1784 the same kind of cell called the couple «ambo ex hac Parochia». *This one calls her of Gallignana — Gračišće.* The two place-words stand one above the other in a single cell, in one hand, and were compared at one magnification: g-o-llo-g against g-a-lli-g. Neighbouring openings write «ex gallignana» out in full. ⚠ *This does not move her place.* It is one clerk's note in a Conditio Patrinorum column, and nothing else in this archive puts her at Gallignana. It is recorded because it is the first thread running from the Gologorica casa 31 household to the second Defranceschi population at Gračišće — and she is the Grah. Told here. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069047.)*
Tomaso Defranceschi	—	—	Plomin · Plomin, Istria, Croatia	No place	Family tree	record tree
Tommaso de Franceschi	—	—	Omiš	Venice	Omiš chart · Archivista municipale della città di Zara — municipal archivist of Zadar
Ursula de Benzoni (Defranceschi)	—	—	Rijeka	Not placed	Family tree · *Her name is «de Berzoni»* in the register.** The marriage act of 6 October 1793 reads «Ursulam De Berzoni»; this archive has carried her as de Benzoni, and both spellings are in its data. ⚠ Worth keeping apart from a coincidence: Joannes Baptista de Franceschi married a Catharina de Benzoni at Fiume in 1771 (work list 143). Benzoni and Berzoni may be one family or two, and nothing read so far decides it — the difference is a single letter in two different clerks' hands. Read on FamilySearch, 28 September 2026.	record tree
Ursula / Orsola De Berzoni (Defranceschi)	—	—	Vitipolis · Rijeka	Not placed	Family tree · The same woman as Ursula de Benzoni (Defranceschi) — both rows carry the ark `1:1:6YBR-ZFPR`, which is one marriage record. The September sweep missed this pair because their names fold differently — «Ursula de Benzoni» against «Ursula / Orsola De Berzoni» — so a test on the folded name could not see what the ark showed plainly. Read on FamilySearch, 28 September 2026.	record tree
Valentinum De Franceschi	—	—	Rijeka	Not placed	Record index	record
Veneranda Defranceschi (Demarin)	—	—	—	No place	Family tree	record tree
Vincentia DeFranceschi (Tovolato)	—	—	Poreč · Poreč, Croatia	No place	Family tree	record tree
Vincentius Defranceschi	—	—	Pazin	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Vincenzo Defranceschi	—	—	—	No place	Family tree	tree
Vincenzo Franceschi	—	—	Molinella · Molinella, Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Italia	No place	Family tree	tree
Vitorio De Franceschi	—	—	Draguč · Pola, Italia	S. Istria	Household	record
Vittoria Defranceschi	—	—	Gračišće	Carnia	The Eleven · Gallignana
Vittorio De Franceschi	—	—	Rovinj	Not placed	Record index	record
Vittorio Defranceschi	—	—	Rovinj	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Zannetta Defranceschi	1778	—	Šterna	Not placed	Family tree · This household is at Šterna, not Svetvinčenat. The FamilySearch index entry for Felice Anto (22 September 1778) carries the image ark 3:1:3QS7-899X-KXF4, which resolves to film 005497887, frame 627 — a different film from Svetvinčenat's 005497885. The act was read there on 21 September 2026: > «Adì 27 9bre 1778. Copich.* Felice Ant.o figlio legitimo e naturale di M.ro Bortolo De Franceschi…»* That register is a different animal from Svetvinčenat's. It is kept in Italian, not Latin, and every entry carries a village name in its date heading — Sterna, Cabotori, Copich — because the parish serves a scatter of hamlets. Bortolo's children were baptised at Copich. The sister record confirms it: Mariana De Franceschi, February 1786, same father Bortolo, is indexed with the event place *«Sterna, Litorale Austriaco»* in as many words. (doc.) Šterna is in north-western Istria, near Buje — some seventy kilometres from Svetvinčenat. These are not the castle-town family and must not be read as them.	record tree
Zenardi Maria (Defranceschi)	—	—	Zadar · Zadar, Croatia	No place	Family tree	tree
Zorzi Franceschi	—	—	Omiš, Split-Dalmatia, Croazia	Venice	Household
Zuane De Franceschi	—	—	Rijeka · Mione	Carnia	Biography · Weaver	record
Zuanna Defranceschi	1704	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Zuanne De Franceschi	—	—	Omiš	Venice	Record index	record
Zuanne Defranceschi	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Family tree	record tree
Piero di Franceschi	—	1619	Rovinj	S. Istria	Read off the register · «morì ser Piero di Franceschi da Pola» — 27 May 1619, buried at Rovinj, offering L 24; styled ser, and a man of Pola. The earliest dated Istrian record in this archive
Giovanni Antonio de Franceschi	—	—	Rijeka	Other	Read off the register · Head of the Fiume household of 1626–1632; his children's godfather was the imperial Captain of Fiume
Domenica De Franceschi	—	1817	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Read off the register · «la fu Domenica De Franceschi», mother of a bride aged 40 in November 1817, so born about 1750 — dead before the register begins
Antonia Maria De Franceschi	—	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Read off the register · «la vivente Antonia Maria De Franceschi», widow of Damiano Storcovich, alive 30 June 1819; her daughter Martina Antonia was 40, so born about 1779
Pietro De Franceschi	—	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Read off the register · «Pietro De Franceschi q.m Gio. Maria», aged 42 in March 1818; widower of Veniera Franzin, remarried Lorenza Tesser 30 March 1818, house 312; his son Gio: Maria married Lucia Bonassin on 9 June 1821 Corrected 13 September 2026: the year 1776 was carried here as a birth year and cannot be one. This person is a parent in the household «Pietro De Franceschi × Martina Civico» (1786–1786) at Vodnjan, the same place the row itself gives, and 1776 falls inside the years that household was bearing children. It is a first-appearance date, not a birth.
Gio. Maria De Franceschi	—	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Read off the register · «Gio. Maria De Franceschi fu Pietro», husband of Michiela Zambaletta fu Cristoforo; both dead by 1830. Three children named in this register — Pietro (b. c.1776), Cristoforo the agricoltore, Veniera (b. c.1781). None of the three has a surviving baptism Corrected 13 September 2026: the year 1799 was carried here as a birth year and cannot be one. This person is a parent in the household «Gio. Maria De Franceschi × Michiela Zambaletta» (1770–1800) at Vodnjan, the same place the row itself gives, and 1799 falls inside the years that household was bearing children. It is a first-appearance date, not a birth.
Cristoforo De Franceschi	1824	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Read off the register · «+ Cristoforo De Franceschi di Giuseppe — Tessitore», a weaver, witness 30 March 1818; signs with a cross; brother of Don Stefano the priest; witnessed again 25 November 1828, house 344, with the patronymic written out in full
Giuseppe De Franceschi	1758	1830	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Read off the register · «Giuseppe De Franceschi q.m Pietro era ammogliato con Lucia Tromba fu Cristoforo» — died 14 February 1830 at house 324, aged 72, of an organic defect of the chest, and «senza assistenza spirituale per morte improvvisa», suddenly and without a priest. Father of Don Stefano the priest, Pietro the ploughman, Cristoforo the weaver and Maria Francesca
Don Stefano De Franceschi	1819	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Read off the register · «D.n Stefano De Franceschi di Giuseppe, Sacerdote» — priest of the chapter of Vodnjan under the parroco Giovanni Tromba. Witnessed nineteen marriages 1819–1832, and on 26 January 1833 married a couple himself, «De Parochi lic.» — by the parish priest's licence — and again on 12 February 1833 in the church of the B. V. del Carmine. The licence formula is the register's standard wording for any deputising priest, not a personal privilege. Brother of Pietro the ploughman and Cristoforo the weaver, who signed the same book with a cross
Veniera Francin (De Franceschi)	—	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Read off the register · «la fu Veniera Francin q.m Dom.co de Rondel» — first wife of Pietro De Franceschi, mother of the Gio: Maria who married in 1821, and dead before March 1818
Lucia De Franceschi	1760	1830	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Read off the register · «Lucia De Franceschi q.m Pietro era Moglie di Alviso Birattan q.m Sabà» — died 13 July 1830 at house 501, aged 70, of dropsy. Three daughters married out of the house in 1821, 1824 and 1825. Her patronymic and her age make her, very probably, Giuseppe's sister
Pietro De Franceschi	1734	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Read off the register · «Pietro De Franceschi di Gio., da Dignano — Tessitore», a weaver, witness at a marriage held in Šišan on 30 January 1824; named as of Vodnjan because he was standing outside it; witnessed again at Vodnjan itself on 23 September 1828, where the clerk drops the town-name — so a resident, not a visitor; and a third time on 22 February 1830
Pietro De Franceschi	1734	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Read off the register · «il fu Pietro De Franceschi q.m Dom.co», husband of Domenica Manzin q.m Domenico; dead by November 1823, when his daughter Bonetta married at twenty-three
Domenico De Franceschi	1803	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Read off the register · Named only as the dead father of Pietro De Franceschi q.m Domenico — the head of a second Vodnjan line, distinct from Giuseppe's
Bonetta De Franceschi	1800	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Read off the register · Daughter of the late Pietro De Franceschi q.m Domenico and Domenica Manzin; married Nicolò Giacomo Marich 19 November 1823, house 684, aged 23
Pietro De Franceschi	1734	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Read off the register · «Pietro De Franceschi q.m Pietro, agricoltore» — witness 28 February 1824, house 764; on the dates, very likely Bonetta's brother
Cristoforo De Franceschi	1824	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Read off the register · «Cristoforo De Franceschi q.m Gio: Maria», husband of Maria Luigia Manzin q.m Domenico — brother of the Pietro who remarried in 1818; not to be confused with Cristoforo di Giuseppe the weaver; recorded as agricoltore when he witnessed his niece's wedding in February 1828
Michiela De Franceschi	1800	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Read off the register · Daughter of Cristoforo De Franceschi q.m Gio: Maria and Maria Luigia Manzin; married 25 January 1826, house 224, aged 26
Antonio De Franceschi	1753	1753	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Read off the register · «Ant.o De Franceschi fu Vittorio», witness on 10 July 1826 at a marriage celebrated by the archpriest at Svetvinčenat — a Rovinj given-name in his patronymic, and a Svetvinčenat venue
Vittorio De Franceschi	—	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Read off the register · Named only as the dead father of the Antonio who witnessed at Svetvinčenat in 1826; the name Vittorio otherwise belongs to the Rovinj household
Veniera De Franceschi	1781	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Read off the register · Daughter of Gio. Maria De Franceschi fu Pietro and Michiela Zambaletta fu Cristoforo; married Domenico Pastrovicchio, widowed, married Domenico Fioranti 25 June 1830 aged 49. Her remarriage entry is what names her grandfather and her mother
Pietro De Franceschi	1734	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Read off the register · Named only in his son's patronymic — «Gio. Maria De Franceschi fu Pietro», 1830 — and so the earliest man in the Vodnjan line, standing behind a marriage of the 1770s
Michiela Zambaletta (De Franceschi)	—	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Read off the register · «Michiela Zambaletta fu Cristoforo», wife of Gio. Maria De Franceschi; dead by 1830 — the first woman named as a mother anywhere in this line
Maria Michelcich (De Franceschi)	1826	—	Rovinj	Carnia	Read off the register · «Sig.ra Maria Michelcich di Luca e di Maria», aged 26, who married the historian Carlo De Franceschi at his sickbed in Rovinj on 1 March 1852
Luigetta De Franceschi	—	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Read off the register · «la q.m Luigetta De Franceschi», wife of Francesco Gorlato q.m Biaggio; dead by November 1831, when her son Ant.o Gio. married at twenty-three — the fifth woman of the name recoverable only through a child's wedding
Giovanni De Franceschi	1829	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Read off the register · «Giovanni De Franceschi q.m Pietro, Calzolajo» — a shoemaker, witness 18 February 1832; on the patronymic, very likely a brother of Bonetta and of Pietro the ploughman, in the line descending from a Domenico
Domenico De Franceschi	1786	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Read off the register · Son of the late Pietro De Franceschi and Martina Civico q.m Domenico; widower of Veniera De Rocchi fu Onorato, remarried 17 July 1832, house 325, aged 46
Martina Civico (De Franceschi)	—	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Read off the register · «Martina Civico q.m Domenico», wife of a Pietro De Franceschi; both dead by 1832, when their son Domenico remarried at forty-six
Domenico De Franceschi	1803	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Read off the register · Son of Pietro De Franceschi q.m Gio: Maria and Veniera Francin q.m Domenico; married Antonia Del Carro, a widow, on 1 December 1832 aged 29 — younger brother of the Gio: Maria who married Lucia Bonassin in 1821
Lucia Tromba (De Franceschi)	—	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Read off the register · «Lucia Tromba q.m Cristoforo», wife of Giuseppe De Franceschi — mother of the priest, the ploughman and the weaver. A Tromba, the surname of the parroco Giovanni Tromba who licensed her son Don Stefano
Maria Francesca De Franceschi	1805	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Read off the register · Daughter of the late Giuseppe De Franceschi q.m Pietro and Lucia Tromba; married 27 July 1833, house 324, aged 28 — sister of Don Stefano, Pietro and Cristoforo
Pietro De Franceschi	1734	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Read off the register · Named only in his children's patronymics — «Giuseppe De Franceschi q.m Pietro» and «Lucia De Franceschi q.m Pietro», both dead in 1830 at 72 and 70. On their ages he was born around 1730 and is the earliest man in Giuseppe's line
Maria De Franceschi	—	1829	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Read off the register · Daughter of Stefano De Franceschi and Bonetta Vellico q.m Antonio; died 11 March 1829 at house 325, Vodnjan — the first entry read out of the Liber Defunctorum Flagged, 21 September 2026. *Carta 76 verso names a Maria as Gio Battista's* wife on 23 November 1731, seven months after the baptism this row rests on — and carta 66 gives Giacomo's wife in February 1728 as Elena. She is more likely Gio Battista's second wife** than Giacomo's first. Not rewritten: the 9 April 1731 baptism has not been read off the leaf here, and this archive does not correct one unread record with another. (inf.)
Pietro De Franceschi	—	1829	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Read off the register · Son of Domenico De Franceschi q.m Pietro and Zacchera Cerlon di Francesco; died 23 July 1829 at house 48, Vodnjan
Bonetta Vellico (De Franceschi)	1773	1830	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Read off the register · «Bonetta Vellico q.m Antonio, Moglie di Stefano De Franceschi di Domenico q.m Pietro» — died 11 September 1830 at house 325, aged 57, of pulmonary consumption. Her daughter Maria had died in the same house eighteen months earlier
Stefano De Franceschi	1831	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Read off the register · «Stefano De Franceschi di Domenico q.m Pietro», of house 325; husband of Bonetta Vellico q.m Antonio, who died there in 1830. His father Domenico was living in September 1830 and his grandfather Pietro was not
Domenico De Franceschi	1803	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Read off the register · Father of the Stefano De Franceschi of house 325, and himself a son of a Pietro. Alive in September 1830, when his daughter-in-law's death entry names him «di Domenico q.m Pietro»
David DefranceskiMElivingthis archive's compiler	—	—	Johannesburg → Brisbane	Carnia	Direct line · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. The rule changed on 15 September 2026: a living person may appear on the map by name and by town, because a town is where the records are and a date of birth is not. No dates, no photograph. Generation 8 of the direct line, and the person every relationship on this site is measured from. Living: named here, and nothing else about him is published.
Domenica Giachin (De Franceschi)	—	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Household · No ark, no test, and a discredited provenance. The year 1823 was copied from this archive's own households data on a name match, and this row carries no record identifier to check it against. Withdrawn on the same basis as the rest of the class. Adjudicated 27 September 2026. A De Franceschi daughter married into the Giachin house; four children at Vodnjan 1817–1832. Married by 1816, so born about 1795. Whose daughter, the baptisms do not say.
Sebastiano Giachin	—	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Household · Husband of Domenica De Franceschi; four children at Vodnjan 1817–1832.
Lucia Michiela Forlani (De Franceschi)	—	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Household · A De Franceschi daughter married to Giuseppe Forlani; four children at Vodnjan 1848–1857. Born about 1825; two baptisms fit and neither can be preferred.
Giuseppe Forlani	—	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Household · Husband of Lucia Michiela De Franceschi; four children at Vodnjan 1848–1857.
Maria Forlanichio (De Franceschi)	—	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Household · Wife of a Stefano De Franceschi; two sons at Vodnjan, 1858 and 1860. Whether she and Maria Francin are two women or one clerk's two spellings is open.
Mattea Delcarro (De Franceschi)	—	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Household · Wife of Domenico De Franceschi; four children at Vodnjan 1858–1865.
Giovanni Maria De Franceschi	1858	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Household · Son of Stefano De Franceschi and Maria Forlanichio, baptised 28 July 1858.	record
Pietro De Franceschi	1860	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Household · Son of Stefano De Franceschi and Maria Forlanichio, baptised 12 September 1860.	record
Pietro De Franceschi	1858	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Household · Son of Domenico De Franceschi and Mattea Delcarro, baptised 4 April 1858.	record
Stefano De Franceschi	1859	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Household · Son of Domenico De Franceschi and Mattea Delcarro, baptised 7 August 1859.	record
Veneranda De Franceschi	1862	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Household · Daughter of Domenico De Franceschi and Mattea Delcarro, baptised 13 June 1862.	record
Venerio De Franceschi	1865	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Household · Son of Domenico De Franceschi and Mattea Delcarro, baptised 20 April 1865. Given the family's feminine name Veniera in its masculine form.	record
Michiela Palin (De Franceschi)	—	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Read off the register · Daughter of a Pietro De Franceschi; wife of Andrea Palin q.m Pio. Dead before 6 January 1831, and named only in her daughter's death entry.
Andrea Palin	—	—	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Read off the register · Husband of Michiela De Franceschi; of house 24, Vodnjan.
Domenica Palin	—	1831	Vodnjan	S. Istria	Read off the register · Died 6 January 1831 at house 24 with full sacraments, aged 22, of tisi polmonare. Daughter of Andrea Palin q.m Pio and the late Michiela De Franceschi fu Pietro.
Nicolai Franceschi Or Zardin	—	—	—	Not placed	undefined · Named as father on 2 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1800–1803. Spouse: Catharinæ Franceschi Or Zardin. Index only — no register read.
Catharinæ Franceschi Or Zardin	—	—	—	Not placed	undefined · Named as father on 2 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1800–1803. Spouse: Nicolai Franceschi Or Zardin. Index only — no register read.
Georgium Mariam Marcum Franceschi Or Zardin	1800	—	—	Not placed	undefined · Baptised 20 Apr 1800 to Nicolai Franceschi Or Zardin and Catharinæ Franceschi Or Zardin. From the FamilySearch index — no register read.	record
Franciscum Mariam Laurentium Franceschi	1803	—	—	Not placed	undefined · Baptised 3 Oct 1803 to Nicolai Franceschi Or Zardin and Catharinæ Franceschi Or Zardin. From the FamilySearch index — no register read.	record
Antonius Miccoli	—	—	Vižinada	Not placed	undefined · Named as father on 4 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1810–1824. Spouse: Cattarina Defranceschi. Index only — no register read. Placed at Vižinada on 13 September 2026 — not from any place text in the index, which gives none, but from the parish whose register book the children's images are bound into.
Pasquale Mosscheni	—	—	Vodnjan	Not placed	undefined · Named as father on 5 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1817–1831. Spouse: Michiela De Franceschi. Index only — no register read. Placed at Vodnjan on 13 September 2026 — not from any place text in the index, which gives none, but from the parish whose register book the children's images are bound into.
Domenico Giachin	—	—	Vodnjan	Not placed	undefined · Named as father on 2 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1818–1821. Spouse: Michiela De Franceschi. Index only — no register read. Placed at Vodnjan on 13 September 2026 — not from any place text in the index, which gives none, but from the parish whose register book the children's images are bound into.
Jacoba Defranceschi	—	—	—	Not placed	undefined · Named as father on 2 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1833–1845. Spouse: Joan Baptista Crosilla. Index only — no register read.
Joan Baptista Crosilla	—	—	—	Not placed	undefined · Named as father on 2 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1833–1845. Spouse: Jacoba Defranceschi. Index only — no register read.
Catharina Bellinich	—	—	Vitipolis, Modrus-Fiume, Magyarország	Other	undefined · Named as father on 3 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1836–1836. Spouse: Franciscus Defranceschi. Index only — no register read.
Domenico Codacovich	—	—	Vodnjan	Not placed	undefined · Named as father on 5 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1841–1855. Spouse: Domenica Defranceschi. Index only — no register read. Placed at Vodnjan on 13 September 2026 — not from any place text in the index, which gives none, but from the parish whose register book the children's images are bound into.
Nicolaus Cernobori	—	—	—	Not placed	undefined · Named as father on 3 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1841–1853. Spouse: Maria Defranceschi. Index only — no register read.
Maria Schifich	—	—	—	Not placed	undefined · Named as mother on 2 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1844–1848. Spouse: Antonio Defranceschi. Index only — no register read.
Domenica Frezza	—	—	—	Not placed	undefined · Named as mother on 2 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1846–1846. Spouse: Mattio Defranceschi. Index only — no register read.
Carolinæ Bellinich	—	—	Vitipolis, Modrus-Fiume, Magyarország	Other	undefined · Named as father on 4 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1849–1849. Spouse: Francisci Defranceschi Regii. Index only — no register read.
Veneranda Defranceschi	—	—	—	Not placed	undefined · Named as mother on 3 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1849–1855. Spouse: Antonius Demarin. Index only — no register read.
Antonius Demarin	—	—	Vodnjan	Not placed	undefined · Named as father on 3 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1849–1855. Spouse: Veneranda Defranceschi. Index only — no register read. Placed at Vodnjan on 13 September 2026 — not from any place text in the index, which gives none, but from the parish whose register book the children's images are bound into.
Angelus Ferrarese	—	—	Vodnjan	Not placed	undefined · Named as father on 7 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1849–1864. Spouse: Pascha Defranceschi. Index only — no register read. Placed at Vodnjan on 13 September 2026 — not from any place text in the index, which gives none, but from the parish whose register book the children's images are bound into.
Dominica Michiela Defranceschi	—	—	—	Not placed	undefined · Named as mother on 2 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1851–1853. Spouse: Andrea Delton. Index only — no register read.
Andrea Delton	—	—	—	Not placed	undefined · Named as father on 2 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1851–1853. Spouse: Dominica Michiela Defranceschi. Index only — no register read.
Joseph Dobrez	1852	—	—	Not placed	undefined · Named as father on 5 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1852–1867. Spouse: Maria Defranceschi. Index only — no register read.
Mathaea Del Carro	—	—	—	Not placed	undefined · Named as father on 2 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1852–1855. Spouse: Dominicus Defranceschi. Index only — no register read.
Antonio Zustovich	—	—	Labin	Not placed	undefined · Named as father on 5 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1853–1866. Spouse: Domenica Defranceschi. Index only — no register read. Placed at Labin on 13 September 2026 — not from any place text in the index, which gives none, but from the parish whose register book the children's images are bound into.
Flos Biasiol	—	—	Vodnjan	Not placed	undefined · Named as father on 5 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1853–1864. Spouse: Dominica Defranceschi. Index only — no register read. Placed at Vodnjan on 13 September 2026 — not from any place text in the index, which gives none, but from the parish whose register book the children's images are bound into.
Paulus Damiani	—	—	Vodnjan	Not placed	undefined · Named as father on 2 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1853–1855. Spouse: Lucia Defranceschi. Index only — no register read. Placed at Vodnjan on 13 September 2026 — not from any place text in the index, which gives none, but from the parish whose register book the children's images are bound into.
Paschalis Zanghirella	—	—	Vodnjan	Not placed	undefined · Named as father on 2 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1855–1859. Spouse: Michaela Defranceschi. Index only — no register read. Placed at Vodnjan on 13 September 2026 — not from any place text in the index, which gives none, but from the parish whose register book the children's images are bound into.
Maria De Caralipeo	—	—	Almissa, Spalato, Dalmazia, Austria	Venice	undefined · Named as mother on 7 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1856–1873. Spouse: Francesco Franceschi. Index only — no register read.
Carlo Paolo Michele Maria Franceschi	1867	—	Almissa, Spalato, Dalmazia, Austria	Venice	undefined · Baptised 7 Oct 1867 to Francesco Franceschi and Maria De Caralipeo. From the FamilySearch index — no register read.	record
Theresia Dominica De Franceschi	—	—	—	Not placed	undefined · Named as father on 2 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1856–1856. Spouse: Paschalis Zanghirella. Index only — no register read.
Laurentius Gorlato	—	—	Vodnjan	Not placed	undefined · Named as father on 5 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1857–1864. Spouse: Maria De Franceschi. Index only — no register read. Placed at Vodnjan on 13 September 2026 — not from any place text in the index, which gives none, but from the parish whose register book the children's images are bound into.
Antonio Nascovich	—	—	—	Not placed	undefined · Named as father on 2 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1857–1859. Spouse: Maddalena Defranceschi. Index only — no register read.
Antonius Subiotto	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	undefined · Named as father on 8 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1858–1874. Spouse: Veneranda Defranceschi. Index only — no register read. Placed at Svetvinčenat on 13 September 2026 — not from any place text in the index, which gives none, but from the parish whose register book the children's images are bound into.
Johanna Cleva	—	—	—	Not placed	undefined · Named as father on 6 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1858–1867. Spouse: Johannes Defranceschi. Index only — no register read.
Franciscus-Napoleon Defranceschi	—	—	—	Not placed	undefined · Named as father on 2 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1859–1862. Spouse: Maria Radoiković. Index only — no register read.
Maria Radoiković	—	—	—	Not placed	undefined · Named as mother on 2 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1859–1862. Spouse: Franciscus-Napoleon Defranceschi. Index only — no register read.
Andrina Defranceschi	—	—	—	Not placed	undefined · Named as father on 4 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1859–1867. Spouse: Guglielmo Defranceschi. Index only — no register read.
Guglielmo Defranceschi	—	—	—	Not placed	undefined · Named as father on 4 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1859–1867. Spouse: Andrina Defranceschi. Index only — no register read.
Gulielmus Lazzer	—	—	—	Not placed	undefined · Named as father on 2 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1859–1862. Spouse: Andrina Defranceschi. Index only — no register read.
Marietta Defranceschi	—	—	Dubrovnik	Not placed	undefined · Named as mother on 2 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1863–1871. Spouse: Matteo Persich. Index only — no register read. Placed at Dubrovnik on 13 September 2026 — not from any place text in the index, which gives none, but from the parish whose register book the children's images are bound into.
Matteo Persich	—	—	Dubrovnik	Not placed	undefined · Named as father on 2 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1863–1871. Spouse: Marietta Defranceschi. Index only — no register read. Placed at Dubrovnik on 13 September 2026 — not from any place text in the index, which gives none, but from the parish whose register book the children's images are bound into.
Antonius Nasković	—	—	—	Not placed	undefined · Named as father on 2 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1869–1873. Spouse: Magdalena Defranceschi. Index only — no register read.
Matheus Lazaro	—	—	Pomer	Not placed	undefined · Named as father on 6 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1870–1884. Spouse: Lucia Defranceschi. Index only — no register read. Placed at Pomer on 13 September 2026 — not from any place text in the index, which gives none, but from the parish whose register book the children's images are bound into.
Josephus Jelčić	—	—	Ližnjan	Not placed	undefined · Named as father on 3 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1872–1876. Spouse: Catharina Defranceschi. Index only — no register read. Placed at Ližnjan on 13 September 2026 — not from any place text in the index, which gives none, but from the parish whose register book the children's images are bound into.
Maria Sprich	—	—	—	Not placed	undefined · Named as mother on 2 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1872–1873. Spouse: Giovanni Franceschi. Index only — no register read.
Joannes Sandalj	—	—	Ližnjan	Not placed	undefined · Named as father on 2 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1874–1876. Spouse: Lucia Defranceschi. Index only — no register read. Placed at Ližnjan on 13 September 2026 — not from any place text in the index, which gives none, but from the parish whose register book the children's images are bound into.
Mariæ Vojnić	—	—	Ližnjan, Istria, Italia	S. Istria	undefined · Named as father on 2 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1875–1875. Spouse: Gregorii Defranceschi. Index only — no register read.
Josephus Ruman	1882	1883	Ližnjan	Not placed	undefined · Named as father on 2 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1875–1875. Spouse: Maria Defranceschi. Index only — no register read. Placed at Ližnjan on 13 September 2026 — not from any place text in the index, which gives none, but from the parish whose register book the children's images are bound into.
Joannes Legović	—	—	—	Not placed	undefined · Named as father on 2 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1883–1885. Spouse: Aloysia Defranceschi. Index only — no register read.
Anna-Maria Francisca De Franceschi	—	—	—	Not placed	undefined · Named as mother on 2 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1883–1887. Spouse: Thomas Joachimus Celmes De Domazetovich. Index only — no register read.
Thomas Joachimus Celmes De Domazetovich	—	—	—	Not placed	undefined · Named as father on 2 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1883–1887. Spouse: Anna-Maria Francisca De Franceschi. Index only — no register read.
Filippo Judović	—	—	—	Not placed	undefined · Named as father on 2 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1884–1887. Spouse: Elisabetta Defranceschi. Index only — no register read.
Rodolfo Defranceschi	—	—	—	Not placed	undefined · Named as father on 2 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1886–1890. Spouse: Tommasina Matas. Index only — no register read.
Tommasina Matas	—	—	—	Not placed	undefined · Named as father on 2 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1886–1890. Spouse: Rodolfo Defranceschi. Index only — no register read.
Petrus Sandri	—	—	—	Not placed	undefined · Named as father on 2 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1888–1892. Spouse: Margaritha Defranceschi. Index only — no register read.
Angela Comparich	—	—	—	Not placed	undefined · Named as mother on 2 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, 1896–1896. Spouse: Angelus Defranceschi. Index only — no register read.
Joannis Bápta De Franceschi	—	—	—	Not placed	undefined · Named as father on 2 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, None–None. Spouse: Magdalena De Franceschi. Index only — no register read.
Magdalena De Franceschi	—	—	—	Not placed	undefined · Named as mother on 2 baptisms in the FamilySearch index, None–None. Spouse: Joannis Bápta De Franceschi. Index only — no register read.
Hedviga Blažević (Defranceski)grandmother	1926	2001	Senj · Senj → Johannesburg	Carnia	Direct line · A singer at the Hotel Therapia, Crikvenica — family testimony, 10 September 2026, and the likeliest explanation of how a Senj woman met a Crikvenica man. Daughter of *Ljubomir «Ljubo»* Blažević, 1892–1966, and Milka Lucia Papić, 1886–1971. Born at Senj and died at Johannesburg, 30 October 2001, of cancer. Born 3 August 1926. The archive carried two dates — 8 March and 3 August, a day and month transposed — and preferred neither. David's own tree gives 3 August, so that is what this archive now says, marked as coming from the tree rather than from a register. The Senj birth register of 1926 would settle it for good and is on the errands. And she did not go straight to Johannesburg. The tree gives her immigration in April 1975, from Zimbabwe** — Rhodesia as it then was, in the middle of its war. This archive has drawn her route as Senj → Johannesburg and there is a country in the middle of it that nobody had written down. She married again about 1973, and the tree names two later husbands: Santou (Shemtov) Isaac Codron, 1913–1997, and Ladislav Carr. Ivan stayed on his own coast and is buried at Senj; the divorce the family put at about 1969 now has a shape around it. tree — not yet a document.
Joannes Franceschi	1706	1773	Pag, Zara, Dalmatien, Österreich	Not placed	undefined · From the FamilySearch index: b. 1706 · bur. 11 Oct 1773 Pag, Zara, Dalmatien, Österreich. Shares a name with another person in this archive who was born 55 years apart — they are not the same man or woman. Death year recovered 22 September 2026 from this row's own index line, which the import had written into the note and never into the date field. Nineteen rows were affected.	record
Francesco Franceschi	1765	—	—	Not placed	undefined · From the FamilySearch index: b. 1765 · of. Shares a name with another person in this archive who was born 166 years apart — they are not the same man or woman.	record
Antonio Franceschi	1801	—	—	Not placed	undefined · From the FamilySearch index: b. 1801. Shares a name with another person in this archive who was born 52 years apart — they are not the same man or woman.	record
Antonio Franceschi	1801	1877	Almissa, Spalato, Dalmazia, Austria	Not placed	undefined · From the FamilySearch index: b. 1801 · d. 13 Jun 1877 · bur. 15 Jun 1877 Almissa, Spalato, Dalmazia, Austria. Shares a name with another person in this archive who was born 52 years apart — they are not the same man or woman. Death year recovered 22 September 2026 from this row's own index line, which the import had written into the note and never into the date field. Nineteen rows were affected.	record
Antonio Franceschi	1818	1888	Almissa, Spalato, Dalmazia, Austria	Not placed	undefined · From the FamilySearch index: b. 1818 · d. 29 Feb 1888 · bur. 2 Mar 1888 Almissa, Spalato, Dalmazia, Austria. Shares a name with another person in this archive who was born 35 years apart — they are not the same man or woman. Death year recovered 22 September 2026 from this row's own index line, which the import had written into the note and never into the date field. Nineteen rows were affected.	record
Francesco Franceschi	1829	—	—	Not placed	undefined · From the FamilySearch index: b. 1 Jul 1829. Shares a name with another person in this archive who was born 230 years apart — they are not the same man or woman.	record
★Cheryl Lerena (Defranceski)livingmother	—	—	—	Abroad	Biography · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. The rule changed on 15 September 2026: a living person may appear on the map by name and by town, because a town is where the records are and a date of birth is not. No dates, no photograph. David's mother, and the writer whose verse stands on a page of her own. The Lerena line enters this archive through her. Married 1 July 1997** — the date given by her own gratitude journal («24 wonderful years of marriage», 1 July 2021) and by the South African marriage certificate in the family's papers.
Catherine Tersia Lerenaaunt	1952	1999	Johannesburg	Abroad	Biography · Called Rene. Born 21 May 1952, died 30 September 1999. Her sister Cheryl wrote *«I had a darling sister»* for the first anniversary of her death, and it is the reason this archive holds any Lerena verse at all.
Jeanette "Nita" Riekstins (Lerena)aunt	—	2021	South Africa	Abroad	Biography · Called Nita. Cheryl's elder sister, and the «Matriarch of our tribe» of the Corona poems. Died Sunday 6 June 2021, of Covid — the date fixed by her sister's gratitude journal («that Nita did not suffer — her death came quick») and confirmed by the elegy's own opening, «early hours Sunday morning». Her memorial service was held under pandemic restrictions later that month. Married Dainis Riekstins. Four children; by the poem's reckoning the family ran to thirteen.
Nuno Fernando «Larry» Lerenagrandfather	—	—	South Africa	Abroad	Biography · Cheryl's father, and the man the Lerena name comes through. His memoir-daughter records his real name as Nuno Fernando, «but to some he was known simply as Larry» — the name his friends used, and the one she used herself out of childhood embarrassment. Born in South Africa. His father came from Argentina; his mother from England. He died while she was still a child. lore — from her memoir, uncorroborated by any record yet.
Ivan Defranceskithe compiler's father	1951	2026	Senj → Johannesburg → Brisbane	Carnia	Direct line · Generation 7 of the direct line — David's father. Died in 2026. He was absent from this list until then for two reasons, and only one of them was the rule about living people: the roster is filtered to the surname, and the direct line recorded him as *«Ivan»* with no surname at all, so he was dropped as somebody else's. Born at Senj on 17 December 1951 — the month from Cheryl's memoir, the day from David, 14 September 2026.
Alessandro Defranceschi	1893	—	Pola	S. Istria	Newspaper · Enrolled in the levy at Pola, 18 June 1914
Luigi Defranceschi	—	—	Pola	S. Istria	Newspaper · Two crowns to the Red Cross, 3 September 1914
Angelina Defranceschi	—	—	Pola	S. Istria	Newspaper · Married at Pola, 21 November 1914
Felice Santo de Franceschi	1792	—	Mione → Ovaro	Carnia	Read off the register · Tessitore — a weaver. Married Lucia Santa de Canova of Liariis at Ovaro, 15 June 1815, aged twenty-two. Son of Paolo the carpenter and Anna Prences. He signed the act
Lucia Santa de Canova (de Franceschi)	1792	—	Liariis, Ovaro	Carnia	Read off the register · Married Felice Santo de Franceschi at Ovaro, 15 June 1815, aged twenty-three. Daughter of the late Osvaldo Antonio de Canova. *«Dichiara essere illetterata»*
Margherita Gortan (de Franceschi)	—	—	Mione	Carnia	Read off the register · Wife of Francesco de' Franceschi the tailor. Mother of Anna Cecilia, born 14 January 1810 at three in the morning and dead at one month
Ottavia de Franceschi	—	—	Ovasta, Mione	Carnia	Read off the register · Named in a banns notice published at Mione on 9 and 16 August 1812, for her son's marriage. The wedding is not in the register — not in 1812, 1813 or 1814
Pietro Ermanni	—	—	Mione	Carnia	Read off the register · Of the Erman family named alongside Zuane De Franceschi in the 1679 list of Mione men working in imperial Istria. His recorded age moves between 54 and 59 across five acts against an actual 56–60 — the reason this archive stopped arguing from ages
Orsola Crosilla	—	—	Mione	Carnia	Read off the register · Of Liariis stock — the Crisilla/Crosilla name stands twice among the witnesses at the Ovaro wedding of 1815
Gio: Batta de Franceschi	1810	—	Mione	Carnia	Read off the register · Born 15 October 1810 at ten in the morning, son of Osvaldo fa legname and Cattarina Prences. The last De Franceschi birth in the Mione civil registers — they stop with him
Gio: Batta Roter	—	—	Luint, Mione	Carnia	Read off the register · Shoemaker, twenty-four, witness to the birth of Gio: Batta de Franceschi on 15 October 1810
Pietro Brovedan	—	—	Luint, Mione	Carnia	Read off the register · Tailor, twenty-seven, witness to the birth of Gio: Batta de Franceschi on 15 October 1810
Anna Cecilia de Franceschi	1810	1810	Mione	Carnia	Read off the register · Born 14 January 1810, dead on 25 January 1810 — eleven days. The death act guesses her age as «un mese circa». Daughter of Francesco the tailor and Margherita Gortan
Lucia Colinassio (de Caneva)	—	—	Liariis, Ovaro	Carnia	Read off the register · Wife, then widow, of Osvaldo Antonio De Caneva of Liariis. Present in person on 14 June 1815 to consent to her daughter Lucia Santa's marriage
Osvaldo Antonio De Caneva	—	—	Liariis, Ovaro	Carnia	Read off the register · «S.r Egregio» — Lucia Santa's father, dead before June 1815. Named in her baptismal extract of 12 May 1793 and again in the marriage act
Giovanni Micoli-Toscano	—	—	Mione	Carnia	Read off the register · Son of the late Floreano Micoli-Toscano. Godfather to Felice Santo de Franceschi, 2 November 1792 — of the family whose Mione palace holds the 1679 weavers' contracts
Maddalena Prencis	—	—	Mione	Carnia	Read off the register · Daughter of the late Giovanni Prencis of Mione. Godmother to Felice Santo de Franceschi, 2 November 1792 — and the earliest and most careful writing of the surname this archive holds
Gio: Batta Dario	—	—	Luincis, Pieve di Santa Maria di Gorto	Carnia	Read off the register · The parish priest who baptised Felice Santo in the Pieve's own church on 2 November 1792, and who copied the entry out and certified it twenty-three years later
Gio: Batta de' Benedictis	—	—	Pieve di Santa Maria di Gorto	Carnia	Read off the register · «Vicarius et Archipresbyter» — signed a baptismal extract of 2 September 1769 certified at Ovaro on 26 June 1815, bound into the same allegati file
Giovanni Mazzolini	—	—	Ovaro	Carnia	Read off the register · Vicar at Ovaro; certified Lucia Santa de Canova's baptismal extract on 14 June 1815, and had baptised at Clavais as far back as 1787
Sebastiano de' Franceschi	—	1810	Mione	Carnia	Read off the register · «Di condizione iniziato al Chiericato» — in minor orders. Died at Mione in 1810, young enough that both parents were living. Son of Antonio de' Franceschi and Giovanna nata de' Franceschi, farmers of Mione
Giovanna de' Franceschi	—	—	Mione	Carnia	Read off the register · Wife of Antonio de' Franceschi and a De Franceschi by birth — two lines of the surname at Mione, marrying each other. An agricoltrice, living in 1810
Antonio de' Franceschi	—	—	Mione	Carnia	Read off the register · Agricoltore of Mione, living in 1810. Father of Sebastiano, the son in minor orders
Maddalena de' Franceschi	—	1810	Mione	Carnia	Read off the register · Born at Mione, died there in 1810. Daughter of the late Sebastiano de' Franceschi and the late Lucia nata Brencis — a second Sebastiano, and a fourth woman of the Prences house
Lucia Brencis (de' Franceschi)	—	—	Mione	Carnia	Read off the register · Wife of a Sebastiano de' Franceschi; both were dead before 1810, when their daughter Maddalena was buried
Gio: Pietro Erman De Franceschi	—	—	Mione	Carnia	Read off the register · *He signs himself «Erman De Franceschi Gio: Pietro».* Agricoltore of Mione, fifty-nine in 1810, witness to two De Franceschi burials that year. The compound is his two parents: son of the late Pietro Erman and Maddalena née de Franceschi, as his own marriage act of 1809 states.
Marianna di Franceschi	1809	1810	Mione	Carnia	Read off the register · Died 17 September 1810 at ten in the evening, about a year old
Rovis Mattia	—	—	Mione	Carnia	Read off the register · Tailor, twenty-eight, witness at the burial of Sebastiano de' Franceschi in 1810
Ladislava “Ada” Defranceski (Apker)livingfather's sister	—	—	—	Carnia	Biography · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. A living person appears here by name and by town and by nothing else: no date of birth, no photograph. Johannesburg, given by David on 15 September 2026. David's aunt, and the eldest of the three children of Ivan Defranceski and Hedviga Blažević. Married into the Apker family.
Horst Willy Apkerlivingaunt's husband	—	—	—	Carnia	Biography · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. A living person appears here by name and by town and by nothing else: no date of birth, no photograph. Johannesburg, given by David on 15 September 2026. Ada's husband.
Mark Robin Apkerlivingfirst cousin	—	—	—	Carnia	Biography · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. A living person appears here by name and by town and by nothing else: no date of birth, no photograph. Johannesburg, given by David on 15 September 2026. Ada and Horst's son.
Robert “Robbie” Defranceskifather's brother	1953	—	—	Carnia	Biography · David's father's brother. Deceased — the family tree records the death but this archive does not yet hold the date, and will not guess one. The second of the three children of Ivan Defranceski and Hedviga Blažević. Senj and Johannesburg, and no longer an inference. David's live tree gives him born at Senj, died at Johannesburg — which is what this archive had guessed from his wife and daughters being there, and is now read off the tree instead of reasoned towards. Born 1953, the second of Ivan and Hedviga's three children.
Gayle Diane Williams (Defranceski)livinguncle's wife	—	—	—	Carnia	Biography · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. A living person appears here by name and by town and by nothing else: no date of birth, no photograph. Johannesburg, given by David on 15 September 2026. Robbie's wife.
Nicole Defranceskilivingfirst cousin	—	—	—	Carnia	Biography · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. A living person appears here by name and by town and by nothing else: no date of birth, no photograph. Johannesburg, given by David on 15 September 2026. Robbie and Gayle's daughter.
Kirsten Defranceskilivingfirst cousin	—	—	—	Carnia	Biography · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. A living person appears here by name and by town and by nothing else: no date of birth, no photograph. Johannesburg, given by David on 15 September 2026. Robbie and Gayle's daughter.
Cristina Adele D'Arcy (Defranceski)livingwife	—	—	—	Carnia	Biography · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. The rule changed on 15 September 2026: a living person may appear on the map by name and by town, because a town is where the records are and a date of birth is not. No dates, no photograph. David's wife. The D'Arcy line enters this archive through her, and is worked in its own archive rather than here.
Alessio David Defranceskilivingson	—	—	—	Carnia	Biography · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. The rule changed on 15 September 2026: a living person may appear on the map by name and by town, because a town is where the records are and a date of birth is not. No dates, no photograph. David and Cristina's elder son, and generation 9 of the direct line.
Mateo Cristian Defranceskilivingson	—	—	—	Carnia	Biography · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. The rule changed on 15 September 2026: a living person may appear on the map by name and by town, because a town is where the records are and a date of birth is not. No dates, no photograph. David and Cristina's younger son, and generation 9 of the direct line.
Gio: Batta De' Franceschi	—	—	Mione	Carnia	Read off the register · The oldest De Franceschi of Mione this archive can name from a record. Dead before 1789, when his son Osvaldo is already called «quondam Gio: Batta» in a baptismal extract copied from the Pieve di Gorto's own register
Osvaldo De' Franceschi (the elder)	—	1806	Mione	Carnia	Read off the register · Son of the late Gio: Batta. Father of Giacoma, born 1789, by his wife Cattarina. Dead before September 1806, when the banns call her «figlia del quondam Osvaldo». *Not the Osvaldo «fa legname»* who was twenty-six in 1810** — see the note on the page
Ignazio di Prato	1777	—	Chialina	Carnia	Read off the register · Baptised 13 December 1777 at Chialina, born the night before. Son of Giacomo, son of the late Leonardo de Prato, and of Cattarina. Married Giacoma De' Franceschi of Mione in 1806
Gio: Giacomo di Prato	—	—	Chialina	Carnia	Read off the register · Son of the late Leonardo de Prato of Chialina; father of Ignazio. Dead before 1806, when his widow Cattarina consents to the marriage in his place
Cattarina di Prato	—	—	Chialina	Carnia	Read off the register · «Moglie relitta del q.m Gio: Giacomo di Prato di questa villa.» Appeared before the notary at Chialina on 8 September 1806 to consent to her son Ignazio's marriage, having been unable to attend the contract the day before
Leonardo de Prato	—	—	Chialina	Carnia	Read off the register · «Olim Leonardi de Prato ex Rure Chialinæ» — dead by 1777, when his grandson Ignazio was baptised
Josip Petar “Pepo” Defranceskigreat-uncle	1911	1980	Crikvenica	Carnia	Family tree · Anton and Ursula's eldest. Born and died at Crikvenica; the one of the five who never left. On the Pfullingen foreigners' list of 1939–45 the archive found six Defranceskis and could not place all of them against the household — this is the brother who was not there.	tree
Petar Vid “Pero” Defranceskigreat-uncle	1913	—	Crikvenica	Carnia	Family tree · Born at Crikvenica, died in Germany — the Petar of the Pfullingen file, the ship's engineer who took his examination at Split in 1935, married Luise Salzer at Neuhausen in February 1942, applied for California in 1947 and then stayed. The live tree gives no date of death. His household is named at last. Wife Luise Salzer, born 1919 — German by birth and stateless by 1949 — and three children: Ursula, born at Urach in 1940; Renata, born at Metzingen in 1945; and Peter, whom the Arolsen cards do not mention at all. All three are living, and are here by name and town only.	tree
Anka Nera Defranceski (Oreščanin)great-aunt	1915	1944	Belgrade, Serbia	Carnia	Family tree · Born at Crikvenica, died at Belgrade in 1944, aged twenty-nine. The sister. Nothing else about her is in this archive, and what happened to a young Croatian woman in Belgrade in 1944 is a question the archive has not asked yet. Twice married before she was thirty. Josip Geiger, 1911–1936, dead at twenty-five when she was twenty-one; then Branko Oreščanin, whose name she is carried under. She died at Belgrade in 1944. Her mother Ursula died in the same city in 1975.	tree
Marion G Bainlivingby marriage	—	—	—	Carnia	Family tree · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. Read from David's live MyHeritage tree on 15 September 2026, tree 4. Anton's wife — the Willowbank Anton, Zdravko and Ruža's son. Married into this family in Australia.	tree
Petrica Defranceski (Baviello)livingfirst cousin twice removed	—	—	—	Carnia	Family tree · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. Read from David's live MyHeritage tree on 15 September 2026, tree 4. Zdravko and Ruža's daughter, and the first of this line born in Australia — at Horsham, in the Wimmera, after the General M B Stewart. Anton's sister. She married Michael Baviello.	tree
Michael Baviellolivingby marriage	—	—	—	Carnia	Family tree · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. Read from David's live MyHeritage tree on 15 September 2026, tree 4. Petrica's husband. Born at Villanova del Battista, in Campania — an Italian migrant to the same Wimmera town, a generation after the Croatian one.	tree
Dean Defranceskilivingsecond cousin	—	—	—	Carnia	Family tree · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. Read from David's live MyHeritage tree on 15 September 2026, tree 4. Anton and Marion's son, and the one who carries the surname on in Australia. The tree places him at Adelaide.	tree
Lisa T Defranceski (Rose)second cousin	1968	2015	Adelaide, South Australia, Australia	Carnia	Family tree · Anton and Marion's daughter, born at Adelaide and dead at forty-seven. The tree spells her Defraneski, missing the c — one letter, and the reason she does not come up in a search of the surname. She married Rose.	tree
Antonia Baviello (Jeffery)livingsecond cousin	—	—	—	Carnia	Family tree · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. Read from David's live MyHeritage tree on 15 September 2026, tree 4. Petrica and Michael's elder daughter, born at Horsham. Married Darren Jeffery.	tree
Carla Baviello (Hendy)livingsecond cousin	—	—	—	Carnia	Family tree · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. Read from David's live MyHeritage tree on 15 September 2026, tree 4. Petrica and Michael's younger daughter, born at Horsham. Married Andrew Hendy.	tree
Darren Jefferylivingby marriage	—	—	—	Carnia	Family tree · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. Read from David's live MyHeritage tree on 15 September 2026, tree 4. Antonia's husband.	tree
Andrew “Cobber” Hendylivingby marriage	—	—	—	Carnia	Family tree · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. Read from David's live MyHeritage tree on 15 September 2026, tree 4. Carla's husband.	tree
Charlotte Rita Baviellolivingsecond cousin once removed	—	—	—	Carnia	Family tree · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. Read from David's live MyHeritage tree on 15 September 2026, tree 4. Carla and Andrew's daughter. A child: named, and nothing else, ever.	tree
Louis Hendylivingsecond cousin once removed	—	—	—	Carnia	Family tree · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. Read from David's live MyHeritage tree on 15 September 2026, tree 4. Carla and Andrew's son. A child: named, and nothing else, ever.	tree
Lewis Roselivingsecond cousin once removed	—	—	—	Carnia	Family tree · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. Read from David's live MyHeritage tree on 15 September 2026, tree 4. Lisa's son.	tree
Koka Defranceskigrandfather's second wife	—	—	—	Carnia	Family tree · Ivan Anton Defranceski's second wife, and a name with nothing attached to it. The live tree carries her as a spouse node with no dates, no places, no children and no maiden name — «Koka» is a Croatian pet name rather than a given name, which is how a person gets into a tree when somebody remembers her but nobody remembers her papers. David's grandfather married twice and this archive had only ever known about Hedviga. Whether Koka is a second marriage at Senj after the 1969 divorce, or a duplicate of somebody already here, is an open question.	tree
Božica Blašković (Defranceski)by marriage	1911	1994	Crikvenica	Carnia	Family tree · Josip Petar's wife, and the household that stayed at Crikvenica when three of his brothers and his sister left it. Born the same year as her husband.	tree
Anton “Braco” Defranceskifirst cousin once removed	1937	1984	Crikvenica	Carnia	Family tree · Josip Petar and Božica's son, born and dead on the Kvarner — «Braco», the little brother, and «Toni». Forty-seven years old. Of the five Anton-named men in three generations of this family he is the one who never left Crikvenica.	tree
Lidija Defranceski (Ruffini)livingfirst cousin once removed	—	—	—	Carnia	Family tree · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. Read from David's live MyHeritage tree, 15 September 2026. Josip Petar and Božica's daughter, of the Crikvenica household. Married Ruffini.	tree
Josip Geigerby marriage	1911	1936	Crikvenica	Carnia	Family tree · Anka Nera's first husband, dead at twenty-five in 1936. She was twenty-one. She married again — Branko Oreščanin — and was dead herself at Belgrade eight years later. Nothing else about him is in this archive, and the surname is not a Kvarner one.	tree
Branko Oreščaninby marriage	—	—	—	Carnia	Family tree · Anka Nera's second husband, and the name she is carried under. Deceased; the tree gives no dates and no places. She died at Belgrade in 1944, aged twenty-nine, and whether he was the reason she was in Belgrade is an open question.	tree
Peter Defranceskilivingfirst cousin once removed	—	—	—	Carnia	Family tree · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. Read from David's live MyHeritage tree, 15 September 2026. Petar Vid and Luise's son, and a person this archive did not know existed. The Arolsen cards name two daughters of that household and no son. He carries his father's name in its German form.	tree
Renata Defranceski (Buck)livingfirst cousin once removed	—	—	—	Carnia	Family tree · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. Read from David's live MyHeritage tree, 15 September 2026. Petar Vid and Luise's younger daughter — the «enfant» in red crayon on the Arolsen fiche, born at Metzingen in the year the war ended. This archive withheld her by name for years on the ground that she might be living. She is. ⚠ Possibly the same woman as Renate Defranceski, added from her Arolsen camp fiche on 23 September 2026 without checking this row first. Same parents, same birthplace. Not merged — a living person's identity is David's to confirm.	tree
Ursula Defranceski (Korn)livingfirst cousin once removed	—	—	—	Carnia	Family tree · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. Read from David's live MyHeritage tree, 15 September 2026. Petar Vid and Luise's elder daughter, born at Urach. The other «enfant» on the Arolsen cards, and the other name this archive would not print. ⚠ Possibly the same woman as Urzula Defranceski, added from her Arolsen camp fiche on 23 September 2026 without checking this row first. Same parents, same birthplace. Not merged — a living person's identity is David's to confirm.	tree
Ignatius Francus Mattheus Defranceschi	1745	—	Rijeka · Vitipolis, Modrus-Fiume, Magyarország	Not placed	Read off the register · Baptised at Fiume on 29 July 1745, a child of Valentino Defranceschi and Helena/Elena. This person is in no index anywhere — not in FamilySearch, not in the household this archive built from index entries, not in the register page of this site. The baptism was read off the Liber Baptizatorum of St Vitus on 6 September 2026 and written to `valentino.json`, which nothing then read for eleven days. See the fourteen children and the correction.
Vitus Joannes Baptista Defranceschi	1751	—	Rijeka · Vitipolis, Modrus-Fiume, Magyarország	Not placed	Read off the register · Baptised at Fiume on 18 June 1751, a child of Valentino Defranceschi and Helena/Elena. This person is in no index anywhere — not in FamilySearch, not in the household this archive built from index entries, not in the register page of this site. The baptism was read off the Liber Baptizatorum of St Vitus on 6 September 2026 and written to `valentino.json`, which nothing then read for eleven days. See the fourteen children and the correction.
Aloysius Rochus Defranceschi	1754	—	Rijeka · Vitipolis, Modrus-Fiume, Magyarország	Not placed	Read off the register · Baptised at Fiume on 18 August 1754, a child of Valentino Defranceschi and Helena/Elena. This person is in no index anywhere — not in FamilySearch, not in the household this archive built from index entries, not in the register page of this site. The baptism was read off the Liber Baptizatorum of St Vitus on 6 September 2026 and written to `valentino.json`, which nothing then read for eleven days. See the fourteen children and the correction.
Rosalia Francisca Defranceschi	1755	—	Rijeka · Vitipolis, Modrus-Fiume, Magyarország	Not placed	Read off the register · Baptised at Fiume on 8 October 1755, a child of Valentino Defranceschi and Helena/Elena. This person is in no index anywhere — not in FamilySearch, not in the household this archive built from index entries, not in the register page of this site. The baptism was read off the Liber Baptizatorum of St Vitus on 6 September 2026 and written to `valentino.json`, which nothing then read for eleven days. See the fourteen children and the correction.
Jacobum Vincentium Defranceschi	1757	—	Rijeka · Vitipolis, Modrus-Fiume, Magyarország	Not placed	Read off the register · Born 20 July 1757 and baptised the next day at St Vitus, Fiume — the tenth son, and the one that makes the family's count come out. Godparents Ill.mus D. Emanuel de Perretti and Ill.ma D.na Elisabeth Bono.	record
Gio Batta De Franceschi	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · Styled S.r on carta 66. Husband of Anzoletta; four children in the Svetvinčenat book between 1715 and 1731.
Anzoletta De Franceschi	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · «Anzoletta sua Consorte» on carta 66, wife of Gio Batta. The Venetian diminutive of Angela. A woman of this name is also given as Giacomo's wife from 1733 — see the note on /lines/.
Maria De Franceschi	1715	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	undefined · Daughter of Batta Franceschi and Anzoletta, 5 July 1715 — the earliest child of that household. *Her mother Anzoletta is Gio Battista's first* wife: the same pairing stands on carta 66 in 1728, and by November 1731 his wife is Maria*. (doc for 1728, read off the leaf on 21 September 2026.)*
Gasparo De Franceschi	1718	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	undefined · «Gasparo di Batta Defranceschi 10 Agosto 1718 — c. 31 t°», from the volume's own index. Carta 31 t° not yet opened. Carta 31 t° is still shut, and after this afternoon that citation is worth less than it was: of the index's other three page references, one was a wrong carta, one a wrong month and one had nothing behind it. Find this entry by its date, not by its carta.
Cattarina De Franceschi	1728	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · Carta 66: «Catta fig.a leg.ma di S.r Batta de Fran.chi et di Anzoletta sua Consorte, nata li 10 d.to». Godfather Bortolo Francal, the Giudice; godmother Madalena, wife of the Vicario Quelis.
Battistina De Franceschi	1731	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · Carta 76 verso is open. «Battistina Figliola Legitima del S.r Gio: Battista de Franceschi e di Maria jugali, nato li 18 sudetto» — born 18 November 1731, baptised 23 November 1731 by D. Piero Antonio Dall'Orto, godmother «D. Franceschina moglie del S.r Mattio Stankovich». Two things change from the index. It dated her «23 Xbre» — December; the leaf says Novembre. And it gave no mother; the leaf gives Maria, who is Gio Battista's second wife, not the Anzoletta of his earlier children. Read off the leaf, 21 September 2026 — film 005497885, carta 76 verso. (doc) ⚠ 27 September 2026 — a possible second father, unresolved. A godmother on 11 March 1751 was read on the plate as «Batistina filia q.m Caspari Defranceschi», and another «Batistina Defranceschi» stands on 12 February 1752. If the first is this woman, her father was Caspar* and dead by March 1751 — not the «S.r Gio: Battista» of the baptism above.* The pull towards one woman is real: Caspar's wife is attested six times as Maria, and Maria is this Battistina's mother. The pull against it is that her own baptism entry, read carefully, says Gio: Battista. No merge, no split, no new person. The 1751 frame was magnified once and the working copy has since been lost twice to a failing disk, so the reading cannot be re-checked today. It is recorded as a thing to look at again — against the possibility that this archive holds one woman under two fathers, or two women under one name. Film 005497885, images 151–162, read on the plate 27 September 2026.
Maria De Franceschi	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	undefined · Giacomo's first wife — mother of Domenico Gasparo, baptised 9 April 1731. She disappears from the book after that. Flagged, 21 September 2026. *Carta 76 verso names a Maria as Gio Battista's* wife on 23 November 1731, seven months after the baptism this row rests on — and carta 66 gives Giacomo's wife in February 1728 as Elena. She is more likely Gio Battista's second wife** than Giacomo's first. Not rewritten: the 9 April 1731 baptism has not been read off the leaf here, and this archive does not correct one unread record with another. (inf.)
Gasparo De Franceschi	1737	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · He was a twin, and the register proves it. Image 116 of Births 1709–1764 (film 005497885), read on the plate 23 September 2026: «baptizavit duos infantulos geminos natos hodie mane a Jacobo de Franceschi, et Anzola ejus legitima uxore, quibus fuit positum nomen, uni […] alteri Antonij». The index knew his name and not his brother; the plate knew his brother and not his name. His twin is Antonio di Jacobo de Franceschi, twin 1737. (doc for the twinship; the forename is the index's.) «Casparg, of Jacobo De Franceschi and Anzola, 26 December 1737» — Giacomo's son by his second wife. ⚠ The 1773 widow is not his. See Gasparo Defranceschi, husband of Maria (fl. 1744) — «Maria uxor Caspari Defranceschi» stands godmother on 5 May 1744, when this Gasparo was six years old and the other candidate eleven. A third and older Gasparo was married by 1744, and the 1773 widow Maria is his. The paragraph below weighed two boys against each other and is left standing as the reasoning it was. A Gasparo de Franceschi was dead before 30 March 1773. On that day the marriage register records «Joannes Volge, et Maria relicta q.m Gasparis de Franceschi» — his widow remarrying, with a dispensation to marry in Lent and all three banns waived. He would have been thirty-five — but he is not the only candidate. The castle also holds Domenico Gasparo, son of Giacomo, baptised 9 August 1732, who was still alive in February 1764, standing godfather as «D. Gasparo de Franceschi figlio di Giacomo», and who would have been forty-one in 1773. Two men of the name, one generation, either of whom fits. The 1773 entry gives no father and no age, so the death is recorded as a possibility against both and as neither man's fact. (inf; the death itself is doc.) See /searched/. He is named as Giacomo's son, twice, in 1762. «Gasparo figlio di M.o Giacomo de Franceschi» stands godfather on 1 August and 15 December 1762 — both magnified. At twenty-four he is exactly the age this dossier's 1737 baptism would predict, and the two records corroborate each other across twenty-five years. (inf, and the firmest thing on this page.) It also removes a phantom. Entries of 1751–1761 naming a «Gasparo De Franceschi» as godfather, and a «Pasqua moglie di Gasparo de Franceschi» as godmother, had been read here as a second household beside Giacomo's. They are the same house. --- 28 September 2026 — he is not the Gasparo of the marriage register. A «Gasparo de Franceschi»* witnesses three marriages at this castle — 6 November 1762, 9 July 1766 and 13 August 1766 — and the third names his father:* «Gaspare de Franceschi q.m Ant.o ex hoc Castro», film 005497886, frame 55. His father was Antonio. This man's father was Jacobo, named in his own baptism entry, so he is excluded. (doc for the exclusion — it turns on a patronymic in the record, not on an estimate of age.) The appearances are filed with Gasparo Defranceschi, husband of Maria.
Fosca De Franceschi	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · «Dominicus Defranceschi, et Fosca* Uxor ejus», godparents at Svetvinčenat on 16 April 1780. And again at the end of the following year.* Carta 90, 31 December 1781: «Patrini ac sacro fonte fuere Joannes Baptista Mischanic, et Jusca uxor Dominici* [De]franceschi»* — godmother to a daughter of Joannes Pribcovich. *The register writes her «Jusca»* here and «Fosca» in 1780*, which is one woman and two ears. (doc — the given names were read at magnification; the surname at spread scale, against a man independently attested twice in the same volume.)* Read 21 September 2026, film 005497885, image 93. Five more appearances, all magnified, all in the same hand. The sweep of frames 90–107 found her at the font again and again: date · frame · how the clerk wrote her 9 September 1781 · 91 · «Mattheus Bursich, vulgo Petrovich, et Fosca Vxor Dominici Defranceschi» 20 September 1782 · 98 · «Victorius filius Antonii de Franceschi, et Fosca Vxor Dominici Defranceschi» 10 December 1782 · 99 · «Nicolaus Fabri, et Fvsca Vxor Dominici De-Franceschi» 16 December 1783 · 102 · «Matthaeus Doblanovich, et Fvsca Vxor Dominici de Franceschi» 3 January 1784 · 102 · «Matthaeus Cossa, et Fvsca Vxor Dominici de Franceschi» Seven attestations now, 1780 to 1784. She is one of the parish's standing godmothers — the woman a family asked for when it wanted someone of weight at the font. (doc; every line above read at magnification.) A caution that belongs on this page. Frame 98 also carries «et Fosca Vxor Martini Merklem» — a different Fosca entirely, four entries above our own. Fosca is a common forename in this parish, not a rare one. Only the full form «Fosca uxor Dominici Defranceschi» identifies her; a bare «Fosca» identifies nobody. (This archive nearly wrote down the wrong woman.) An eighth appearance, and a correction to how it was first read. Frame 112, 13 December 1785: «Patrini fuere Victorivs de Franceschi, et Fvsca Vxor Dominici de Franceschi». At spread scale the first godparent was read as Antonius; magnified it is Victorius — Vittorio, not his father. (doc.) Five spellings, one woman — and the list is worth setting out, because a careless reader would make three people of her. Across 1780–1789 the register writes Domenico's wife as: Fosca (1780, 1781, 1782) · Fusca (1782–86) · Jusca (1782, 1788) · Justa (1788) · Julia (1789) Every one of them is «uxor Dominici Defranceschi», in a parish with one Domenico of the name. No remarriage is implied by any of them, and none should be inferred. The variation is the clerk's ear, not the household's history. (doc for the entries; the identification across spellings is inf, and firm.)
Mathea De Franceschi	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · «Mathea* uxor Antonij Defranceschi», godmother at Svetvinčenat on 1 May 1780. And she is still alive two years later.* Frame 98 of the same volume, 18 August 1782: «Patrini ad sacrum fontem fuere Martinus Merklem, et Matthea Vxor Antonij Defranceschi» — godmother to Maria, daughter of Georgius Piglich and Lucia. Magnified. Her attested span is now 1 May 1780 to 18 August 1782, and her husband is alive alongside her. (doc.)
Francisca Matthaea Defranceschi	1747	—	Rijeka · Vitipolis, Modrus-Fiume, Magyarország	Not placed	Read off the register · «Francisca Matthæa» in the register. Born 10 October 1747, baptised 13 October, a daughter of Valentino Defranceschi and Helena/Elena, on image 146 of film 005497925 (`3:1:3QS7-L99F-W44W`). She is in no index anywhere, and unlike the other four unindexed children of this household nothing pointed at her — she was found by sweeping the 1746–1750 gap frame by frame looking for a son. The sixteenth child, and the one that ends the claim that the household fell silent for five years. See Valentino's sixteen.
Josephus Aloysius de Franceschi	1748	—	Rijeka · Vitipolis, Modrus-Fiume, Magyarország	Not placed	Read off the register · Born 24 May 1748, baptised 29 May, son of D.nus Joannes Baptista de Franceschi and D.na Magdalena, on image 150 of film 005497925 (`3:1:3QS7-L99F-W4CK`). In no index anywhere. He is almost certainly the Giuseppe Defranceschi b. 1748, d. 1778 the MyHeritage tree already carries at Rijeka without a source — the Giuseppe × Francesca who baptised four children at Fiume between 1772 and 1778 and whose son Valentino heads the Rijeka chain. (inf — no entry names his father in 1772.) His parents put him in a second Fiume Defranceschi household, not Valentino the Carnian's.
Joannes Baptista de Franceschi	—	—	Rijeka · Vitipolis, Modrus-Fiume, Magyarország	Not placed	Read off the register · The head of the second Defranceschi household at Fiume. Styled D.nus, married to D.na Magdalena, he baptises Josephus Aloysius on 29 May 1748 (film 005497925, image 150). By 9 December 1771 he is a widower, marrying Catharina de Benzoni (film 005497925, volume 2, image 293), and has indexed children by her in 1773 and 1776. He is not one of Valentino the Carnian's sons — the only Joannes Baptista among them was baptised in 1751. How the two households are related is unanswered; their marriage entries are on the same reel, in volume 1's marriages of 1734–1753.
Elena Surcho (Defranceschi)	—	—	Rijeka · Vitipolis, Modrus-Fiume, Magyarország	Carnia	Read off the register · Valentino the Carnian's wife, under her own name. She married *«D.num Valentinum de Franceschi ex Carnia»* at St Vitus, Fiume on 28 February 1737 (film 005497925, image 168), nine months before their first child, and bore sixteen children to 1757. Every other entry in twenty years calls her only Helena or Elena jugalis Defranceschi; this is the one document that gives her a maiden name. (The surname is underlined in the register; its initial is the looped capital this hand uses for both S and Z, so Surcho, Zurcho or Turcho — probably an Italianised Žurko/Zurco. Given as read.) She stands godmother across the parish at least nine times between 1745 and 1747, and again at the font of Giuseppe × Francesca's first son in 1772. (22 Sept 2026 — magnified. The body of the word is plainly -urcho; only the capital is in doubt. Turcho* was added to the list because* Turco/Turcho is a common Adriatic surname and Surcho is not. None of the three is preferred.)
Ante de Franceschi	1801	—	—	Not placed	Family tree · Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here. (inf — the tree's own word, and nothing else yet.) The other 486 of the 668 tree-only people were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
Maximilianus Josephus De Franceschi	1813	1817	Gologorica	Not placed	Read off the register · ⚠ 6 October 2026 — this row was stale, and the archive already knew better. It said «Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here» while the line data had carried his death since earlier the same day. A finding written into one file and not the other is exactly the failure this archive checks for; it was caught by re-reading the page and testing the roster against it. The entry. Gologorica deaths, image M01069257, page 58: > «Die 19: Xbris 1817* hora 10ma noctu · 17 · Maximilianus Joseph Defranceschi, D[omi]ni Josephi filius · 4 ann[i], mens. fere 3 · Vermes et Tussis cum febri maligna»* — buried the 20th «sub solis occasum ob signa putrefactionis», at sunset, because the body would not keep. Dead at four years and three months, so born about September 1813 — which is the year the tree gave him. (doc.) ⚠ The birth stays undeclared: an age at death implies a year and an implied year is not a declared one. ⭐ House 17 — and that is the number the book's index gives his father's household, «Defranceschi Joseph N.º 17». One more confirmation that the index numbers houses. His father is styled «Dominus» in the entry. He is the elder Maximilianus. A second son of the same house was given his name in 1828 and lived to 1910.
Amalia Alexandra De Franceschi	1818	—	Gologorica	Not placed	Family tree · Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here. (inf — the tree's own word, and nothing else yet.) The other 486 of the 668 tree-only people were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
Mathaei Defranceschi	1821	—	Ližnjan	Not placed	Family tree · Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here. (inf — the tree's own word, and nothing else yet.) The other 486 of the 668 tree-only people were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
Raymundus de Franceschi	1823	—	—	Not placed	Family tree · Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here. (inf — the tree's own word, and nothing else yet.) The other 486 of the 668 tree-only people were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked. --- ⭐ 7 October 2026 — NO LONGER TREE-ONLY. A register page names this person. > Gallignana Status Animarum, house 5 (DAPA ZM34K-217, M01072071): «Raymundus eorum filius», born 9 8bris 1823», child of «Joan. Bapt. Defranceschi, agricola, natus 13. Augusti 1787» and «Francisca Salomon, nata 17. Martii 1797». (doc.)** The line above — «tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here» — was true when it was written and is not true now. The page is read out in full here.
Adelaidis Defranceschi	1824	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · She is placed — by three words in a godparent cell. Gologorica baptisms, 21 October 1847, house 7 (M01069122, folio 108): the godparents of Jacobus Cocolet's child are «MAXIMILIANUS DEFRANCESCHI ET SOROR ADELAIDIS», entered cives. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214.)* Her brother is Maximilianus Antonius Josephus, born 8 January 1828, son of Josephus Defranceschi and Lambertina née Peschle — so she is their daughter, and the «Maria Adelgidis» the 1826 status animarum lists sixth among their ten children is her. *Until today this row read «tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here», line unplaced.* What makes it worth something is that it is independent. The census list and the family tree are two readings of one household; nothing outside them said these two were siblings. A godparent cell written twenty-one years later, by a different priest, does. ⚠ And it opens a question this archive is not closing. The pedigree gives the same parents a daughter Anastasia, born 8 December 1824; the census gives them Maria Adelgidis and no Anastasia; this row is Adelaidis, born 1824. *Three names, one birth year, possibly one child.* The worklist holds it — nothing is merged on a suspicion and no id is moved. ⭐ And a second brother names her, which is what makes it firm. Gologorica baptisms, 13 March 1852 (M01069127, folio 113): *«Enrico Defranceschi et soror Adelaidis», cives.* (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214.)* *Named as a sister twice, by two different brothers* — Maximilianus in 1847 and Enrico in 1852. That is as firm as a godparent column gets. ⭐ A third sighting, and this one has a child named after it. Gologorica baptisms, 31 May 1868, house 7 (M01069147, folio 134): she stands godmother with her brother «Henricus Defranceschi» to Clotildis ADELAIDIS Defranceschi, the younger of her brother Franciscus Xaverius's twin daughters — the pair entered possidentes. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214.)* *A woman chosen as a godmother at about forty-four, with a niece called after her in the same entry, is a person with a life in this village* — not a name that drifted into a pedigree. Worklist 175 still holds the question of whether she is also Anastasia or Amelia; this does not answer it and it does make her harder to dissolve.
Madalena Defranceschi	1827	1828	Ližnjan	Not placed	Family tree · Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here. (inf — the tree's own word, and nothing else yet.) The other 486 of the 668 tree-only people were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked. The tree gives the year as «1827–1828»; the roster carries the first of them. Death year recovered 22 September 2026 from this row's own tree range, which the import had written into the note and never into the date field. Nineteen rows were affected.
Regina Theresia de Franceschi	1836	—	—	Not placed	Family tree · Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here. (inf — the tree's own word, and nothing else yet.) The other 486 of the 668 tree-only people were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked. --- ⭐ 7 October 2026 — NO LONGER TREE-ONLY. A register page names this person. > Gallignana Status Animarum, house 5 (DAPA ZM34K-217, M01072071): «Regina Theresia eorum filia», born 19 Junii 18⋯*», child of* «**Joan. Bapt. Defranceschi, agricola, natus 13. Augusti 1787» and «Francisca Salomon, nata 17. Martii 1797». (doc.)** The line above — «tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here» — was true when it was written and is not true now. ⚠ The birth YEAR is unresolved: the direct-line page transcribes 1830 and this row carries 1836, and the photocopy this archive holds will not separate them. The day and month, 19 June, agree. The page is read out in full here.
Guiffina Defranceschi	1851	—	Ližnjan	Not placed	Family tree · Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here. (inf — the tree's own word, and nothing else yet.) The other 486 of the 668 tree-only people were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
Gregorius Defranceschi	1862	—	—	Not placed	Family tree · Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here. (inf — the tree's own word, and nothing else yet.) The other 486 of the 668 tree-only people were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
Martijn Defranceschi	1863	—	—	Not placed	Family tree · Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here. (inf — the tree's own word, and nothing else yet.) The other 486 of the 668 tree-only people were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
Paschalis Defranceschi	1863	1873	Ližnjan	Not placed	Family tree · Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here. (inf — the tree's own word, and nothing else yet.) The other 486 of the 668 tree-only people were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked. The tree gives the year as «1863–1873»; the roster carries the first of them. Death year recovered 22 September 2026 from this row's own tree range, which the import had written into the note and never into the date field. Nineteen rows were affected.
Faustina De Franceschi	1863	1906	—	Not placed	Family tree · Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here. (inf — the tree's own word, and nothing else yet.) The other 486 of the 668 tree-only people were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked. The tree gives the year as «1863–1906»; the roster carries the first of them. Death year recovered 22 September 2026 from this row's own tree range, which the import had written into the note and never into the date field. Nineteen rows were affected. --- ⚠ 29 September 2026 — the stone and this archive disagree by one year. > FAUSTINA fu CARLO — PARENZO 1864 — TRIESTE 1906 Read 29 September 2026 from David's photographs of the family tomb at Gologorica. This record carries 1863; the tablet cuts 1864. Neither is overwritten. A year's difference between a register and a monument is the commonest of all discrepancies — the stone is cut from memory, often decades later — but this archive does not decide it from a photograph. The Parenzo baptisms settle it. (open.) What the stone does add: she died at Trieste, and she was born at Parenzo — two places this record did not have.
Leopolda de Franceschi	1865	—	Gračišće	Not placed	Family tree · Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here. (inf — the tree's own word, and nothing else yet.) The other 486 of the 668 tree-only people were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
Beatrix Hermenegildis De Franceschi	1865	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · ⭐⭐ HER HUSBAND IS NAMED, 11 October 2026 — yesterday he was an abbreviation. The 1862 book gave her marriage of 26 November 1887 and a husband truncated by the column, «za Ang. Val.», published as «a lead, not an identification».* The 1894 census writes him out: > M01069585: «Clotilda, Maria, filia Valentini MARCOLINI e Beatricis n. Defranceschi» · n. 15 Januar 1894 *She married Valentinus Marcolini, and they have a daughter, Clotilda Maria, born 15 January 1894.* ⚠ The «Ang.» of the 1862 annotation is still unaccounted for; only «Val.» is explained. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069590, Gologorica Status Animarum 1894.) --- ⭐ Married 26 November 1887 — a marriage this row did not have. > Gologorica Status Animarum 1862, house 4 (M01069440): n. 10 Apr 1865 · Matrimonii «26. Nov. 1887» · and in the next column, in Croatian, «za Ang. Val.» — *to Ang[—] Val[—]. ⚠ The husband's name is truncated by the column* and no surname is completed here; «Ang. Val.» is a lead, not an identification. Her Adnotatio reads «u Š. Ivan» and «u Šterni» — where she went. The household is told here. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069440, Gologorica Status Animarum 1862, house 4.) --- *This row came off David's live MyHeritage tree with the right name, no place and the line «unplaced». The register places her.* Gologorica baptisms, folio 128 (M01069142): «1865 Aprilis 23ᵗⁱᵃ · domus 7 · BEATRIX HERMENGILDIS* n. 10 Apr.», daughter of* «Franciscus Defranceschi, Possidens» and «Clotilde n. Ortis». (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214.)* She is the same child as the pedigree's «Hermenegildus», which had her household and her date but the wrong name and the wrong sex. *This row had the name and nothing else.* Between them the register settles both. Marked `sameAs`; neither id is moved.
Fusca Defranceschi	1870	1870	Ližnjan	Not placed	undefined · ⭐⭐ DOCUMENTED AT BOTH ENDS OF A SIX-MONTH LIFE, 12 October 2026 — and the name was wrong. She was one of seventeen Ližnjan people resting on the family tree and no document at all. Both register entries have now been read on the page, not in an index. BAPTISM. Ližnjan «Liber Baptizatorum», page 15, Annus 1870, first entry: «9ⁿᵃ Januarii 1870», house 3, baptised by D. Gregorius Smak, coop. par. — «Fusca, nata hodie», catholic, female, legitimate, of «Matthæus Defranceschi», agricola, and «Maria n. Primus». FamilySearch waypoint `9R2Z-44D`, frame 51. BURIAL. Ližnjan «Liber Defunctorum», page 54: «mortua 6. Julii, sepult. 8 ejusdem», house 3 — the same house — «Fusca filia Matthæi Defranceschi q. Matthæi et Mariæ n. Primus q. Paschalis», aged «6 mens.», of «debilitas». Waypoint `9R2Z-4WG`, frame 31. Born 9 January, dead 6 July: five months and twenty-seven days. The age column says six months and the two entries agree with each other — same house, same parents, consistent age. That is the corroboration this archive wants and rarely gets: one book checking another without being asked. ⭐ And the burial names two grandfathers the archive did not have — «q. Matthæi», her father's late father, and «q. Paschalis», her mother's late father, a Primus. *⚠ THE NAME. The register reads «Fusca», with an F, in BOTH entries.* The tree gave «Tusca», which is not a name. The rule here is that a hand is only legible against itself, and the burial page supplies the test without being sought: its *first entry, same page and same hand, reads* «Catharina filia di Giovanni Garbin e di* Fosca»* — the same initial, on a woman's name already known in this parish. Fosca/Fusca is an Istrian name; Tusca is not. Two independent entries, one contemporary comparison. ⚠ Her id stays `tusca-defranceschi-1870`. Ids are minted once and frozen — a moved id is a dead URL — so the id keeps the error the page no longer carries. That is the intended behaviour, not an oversight. (doc — the baptism and burial registers of the parish, read at the page.)	record
Armella Defranceschi	1871	1920	Gologorica	Carnia	Family tree · *⭐ Placed on the carnia line, 11 October 2026 — this row was «unplaced».* Gologorica Status Animarum 1862, house of «Aloysius Defranceschi, mercator» (M01069542): «Armella filia» · n. 7/4/1871 — eldest child of Aloysius and Joanna née Udovičić, married 25 November 1870, and elder sister of Elvira Gisella. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, Gologorica Status Animarum 1862.) --- Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here. (inf — the tree's own word, and nothing else yet.) The other 486 of the 668 tree-only people were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked. The tree gives the year as «1871–1920»; the roster carries the first of them. Death year recovered 22 September 2026 from this row's own tree range, which the import had written into the note and never into the date field. Nineteen rows were affected. --- 29 September 2026 — her cross, read in full. > ARMELLA de FRANCESCHI > MORTA A 48 ANNI — IL 6 MAGGIO 1920 > EBBE QUI LAGRIMATA SEPOLTURA > IL MARITO GIULIO — P. Read 29 September 2026 from David's photographs of the family tomb at Gologorica. (doc.) *«Died at 48 years, on 6 May 1920; here she had weeping burial. Her husband Giulio placed this.»* ⚠ So her husband was Giulio fu Carlo, the academic painter — born Fiume 1856, died at Gologorica in 1942, twenty-two years after her. He was sixteen years her elder. The archive had her dates; it did not have who buried her. Her cross stands apart from the family tomb, a few feet from it against the churchyard wall — its own monument, with its own marble plaque bolted to the granite.
Gisella Elvira Defranceschi	1873	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · *Born 15 April 1873, baptised 12 May, at house 14 — and this row was «unplaced»* until today.** Gologorica baptisms, folio 148 (M01069155): «ELVIRA GISELLA* die 15. Aprilis nata», of «ALOYSIUS DEFRANCESCHI, MERCATOR»* and «Joanna nata Udovicic»; godmother «Adelaide Stipanich»; midwife «Sancta Sestan». (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214.)* She came off David's live MyHeritage tree with a name and nothing else — «tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here», line «unplaced». *The register gives her a father with a trade, a mother, a house and a day.* Her sister is Ersilia, born 8 December 1878 (M01069161). ✔ RESOLVED 11 October 2026 — her father is not a dead man. The 1921 census heads house 87 with «De Franceschi Aloisius, mercator», born 4 May 1832, wife «Joanna n. Udovičić», and enters «Gisella, filia» with her own day — 15 Aprilis 1873 — and the «Senes» list counts him alive at seventy-six in 1908. The death year 1870 is withdrawn. The paragraph that follows is left as written, because it is what the archive knew on 5 October. ⚠ And her father was a problem: this archive carries Aloysius Defranceschi (1832–1870), Carlo's brother, as dead three years before she was born. The collision is set out here and nothing is changed on his record.
Modestus de Franceschi	1875	1912	—	Not placed	Family tree · Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here. (inf — the tree's own word, and nothing else yet.) The other 486 of the 668 tree-only people were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked. The tree gives the year as «1875–1912»; the roster carries the first of them. Death year recovered 22 September 2026 from this row's own tree range, which the import had written into the note and never into the date field. Nineteen rows were affected.
Antonius-Mario Defranceski	1876	—	Ližnjan	Not placed	Family tree · Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here. (inf — the tree's own word, and nothing else yet.) The other 486 of the 668 tree-only people were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
Magdalena Justina Defranceschi	1879	1952	Ližnjan	Not placed	undefined · ⭐⭐⭐ DOCUMENTED 12 October 2026, and her full name is not what the archive had. She was one of seventeen Ližnjan people resting on the family tree and no document, carrying «1879–1952» and nothing else. Ližnjan «Liber Baptizatorum», page 56, entry 22 of 1879, house 61, baptised by D. G. Smak, paroch.: > «Magdalena Justina* — nat. 3. Octobr. curr., hora circ. 3 pomer.»* — of «Gregorius Defranceschi», fil. Gregorii q. Georgii et Agathæ, and «Maria Vojnić», n. Perkovič, *agric.* Her name in the book is MAGDALENA JUSTINA. The tree gave only «Justina». ⭐ AND THE MARGIN GIVES HER DEATH TO THE DAY, written later in Croatian beside her baptism: > «Umrla u Ližnjanu dana 18. V. 1952* (mat. knj. umrlih str. 36 d. 2/52 Ližnjan.)»* — *died at Ližnjan 18 May 1952, and the note cites the death register's own* page 36, entry 2/52. The tree's «1952» was right, and is now a date. This is the same thing the Gologorica baptism margins do — a baptism book standing in for a register the reels do not hold. ⭐ She is the sister of the twins. Her parents and her house are those of Maria and Anastasia, born 20 February 1875 and dead together on the 22nd. Gregorius Defranceschi and Maria Vojnić of house 61 buried twin daughters four years before this one was born, and the index shows another Maria to them in 1878. Waypoint `9R2Z-44D`, frame 72. (doc — the baptism register of the parish, read at the page, with its own margin.)	record
Bertolo Defranceschi	1882	1948	Castelgomberto, Vicenza	Not placed	Family tree · Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here. (inf — the tree's own word, and nothing else yet.) The other 486 of the 668 tree-only people were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked. The tree gives the year as «1882–1948»; the roster carries the first of them. Death year recovered 22 September 2026 from this row's own tree range, which the import had written into the note and never into the date field. Nineteen rows were affected.
Pasqualis de Franceschi	1888	1895	—	Not placed	Family tree · Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here. (inf — the tree's own word, and nothing else yet.) The other 486 of the 668 tree-only people were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked. The tree gives the year as «1888–1895»; the roster carries the first of them. Death year recovered 22 September 2026 from this row's own tree range, which the import had written into the note and never into the date field. Nineteen rows were affected.
Verginia de Franceschi	1895	1981	Gračišće	Not placed	Family tree · Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here. (inf — the tree's own word, and nothing else yet.) The other 486 of the 668 tree-only people were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked. The tree gives the year as «1895–1981»; the roster carries the first of them. Death year recovered 22 September 2026 from this row's own tree range, which the import had written into the note and never into the date field. Nineteen rows were affected.
Luigia Bortoliero de Franceschi	1895	—	Dueville, Vicenza	Not placed	Family tree · Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here. (inf — the tree's own word, and nothing else yet.) The other 486 of the 668 tree-only people were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
Victoria Ema de Franceschi	1898	1902	Gračišće	Not placed	Family tree · Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here. (inf — the tree's own word, and nothing else yet.) The other 486 of the 668 tree-only people were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked. The tree gives the year as «1898–1902»; the roster carries the first of them. Death year recovered 22 September 2026 from this row's own tree range, which the import had written into the note and never into the date field. Nineteen rows were affected.
Leopold de Franceschi	1901	1971	Crikvenica	Not placed	Family tree · Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here. (inf — the tree's own word, and nothing else yet.) The other 486 of the 668 tree-only people were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked. The tree gives the year as «1901–1971»; the roster carries the first of them. Death year recovered 22 September 2026 from this row's own tree range, which the import had written into the note and never into the date field. Nineteen rows were affected.
Anton Ante Defranceski	1904	—	—	Not placed	Family tree · Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here. (inf — the tree's own word, and nothing else yet.) The other 486 of the 668 tree-only people were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
Marija de Franceschi	1906	1906	Crikvenica	Not placed	Family tree · Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here. (inf — the tree's own word, and nothing else yet.) The other 486 of the 668 tree-only people were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked. The tree gives the year as «1906–1906»; the roster carries the first of them. Death year recovered 22 September 2026 from this row's own tree range, which the import had written into the note and never into the date field. Nineteen rows were affected.
Italo de Franceschi	1907	1957	Trieste	Not placed	Family tree · Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here. (inf — the tree's own word, and nothing else yet.) The other 486 of the 668 tree-only people were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked. The tree gives the year as «1907–1957»; the roster carries the first of them. Death year recovered 22 September 2026 from this row's own tree range, which the import had written into the note and never into the date field. Nineteen rows were affected.
Sretcko Pavao de Franceschi	1908	1979	Crikvenica	Not placed	Family tree · Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here. (inf — the tree's own word, and nothing else yet.) The other 486 of the 668 tree-only people were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked. The tree gives the year as «1908–1979»; the roster carries the first of them. Death year recovered 22 September 2026 from this row's own tree range, which the import had written into the note and never into the date field. Nineteen rows were affected.
Pilar Gonzalez de Franceschi	1911	—	Argentina	Not placed	Family tree · Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here. (inf — the tree's own word, and nothing else yet.) The other 486 of the 668 tree-only people were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
Norina Defranceschi	1913	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Family tree · *Documented and placed, 11 October 2026 — she came off the live MyHeritage tree with a year and nothing else, line «unplaced».* Gologorica Status Animarum 1921, house 87: «Norina de Franceschi fil. Aloysii», born «21 Februarii 1913», entered with her husband «D'Atri Francus fil. Amedei», conditio «capitaneus exercitus» — an army captain. Her father is Aloysius Arturius (b. 1883); her grandfather the merchant of house 87. Place Gologorica, line carnia. ⚠ Their child is living or may be living and is named only. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069915, Gologorica Status Animarum 1921, house 87; and the «Senes» list, M01069823.) --- ⭐ HER MOTHER, 11 October 2026: Albina née Lovrinović, entered with her father in the 1894 status animarum (M01069671). *The parentage reasoned out yesterday is now on the page.* (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, Gologorica Status Animarum 1894.)
Antoinetta de Franceschi	1920	—	—	Not placed	Family tree · Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here. (inf — the tree's own word, and nothing else yet.) The other 486 of the 668 tree-only people were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
Emilio de Franceschi	1922	—	—	Not placed	Family tree · Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here. (inf — the tree's own word, and nothing else yet.) The other 486 of the 668 tree-only people were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
Doris de Franceschi	1927	—	Ellis Island	Not placed	Family tree · Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here. (inf — the tree's own word, and nothing else yet.) The other 486 of the 668 tree-only people were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
Dionigi Dijonisius de Franceschi	1927	—	Gračišće (Gallignana) → Dachau	Not placed	Record index · The Dachau entry register names him, and it names his parish. «DEFRANCESCHI, DIONIGI — born 17 September 1927* at GALLIGNANA — Italian — prisoner 142393». Gallignana is Gračišće.* He is carried by four separate Dachau series — the entry registers (1.1.6.1), his personal file (1.1.6.2), the office cards A–Z (1.1.6.7) and the camp's cash statements (1.1.6.12) — so the reading does not rest on one clerk's hand. (doc) He came into this roster off David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026 with the standing caveat «tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here». That caveat is now lifted, and the record gives the day and month the tree did not have. Arolsen Archives online collections, read 21 September 2026 under the -schi spelling, which this archive had not tried until the service came back up. (doc)
Basiliana Maria de Franceschi	1929	—	Gračišće	Not placed	Family tree · Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here. (inf — the tree's own word, and nothing else yet.) The other 486 of the 668 tree-only people were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
Nelida Albina de Franceschiliving	—	—	Mercedes	Not placed	Family tree · Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here. (inf — the tree's own word, and nothing else yet.) The other 486 of the 668 tree-only people were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked. Held as possibly living, so this archive prints the name and nothing else. Born within living memory with no death recorded anywhere this archive can reach — and the site's own rule is that a living person is given by name, and place, and no dates. The date this row used to print is still held here; it is simply not printed. If a death is found, the dates come back. Why this changed.
Feliciano de Franceschiliving	—	—	—	Not placed	Family tree · Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here. (inf — the tree's own word, and nothing else yet.) The other 486 of the 668 tree-only people were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked. Held as possibly living, so this archive prints the name and nothing else. Born within living memory with no death recorded anywhere this archive can reach — and the site's own rule is that a living person is given by name, and place, and no dates. The date this row used to print is still held here; it is simply not printed. If a death is found, the dates come back. Why this changed.
Richard Defranceschiliving	—	—	—	Not placed	Family tree · Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here. (inf — the tree's own word, and nothing else yet.) The other 486 of the 668 tree-only people were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked. Held as possibly living, so this archive prints the name and nothing else. Born within living memory with no death recorded anywhere this archive can reach — and the site's own rule is that a living person is given by name, and place, and no dates. The date this row used to print is still held here; it is simply not printed. If a death is found, the dates come back. Why this changed.
Assunta Maria de Franceschiliving	—	—	Gračišće	Not placed	Family tree · Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here. (inf — the tree's own word, and nothing else yet.) The other 486 of the 668 tree-only people were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked. Held as possibly living, so this archive prints the name and nothing else. Born within living memory with no death recorded anywhere this archive can reach — and the site's own rule is that a living person is given by name, and place, and no dates. The date this row used to print is still held here; it is simply not printed. If a death is found, the dates come back. Why this changed.
Nenad Defranceskiliving	—	—	Varaždin	Not placed	Family tree · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. A living person appears here by name and by town and by nothing else: no date of birth, no photograph. Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026 as one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. The eighty-four are the good list: the other 486 of the 668 were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
Lidija Defranceskiliving	—	—	Crikvenica	Not placed	Family tree · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. A living person appears here by name and by town and by nothing else: no date of birth, no photograph. Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026 as one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. The eighty-four are the good list: the other 486 of the 668 were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
Dario de Franceschi	1937	1991	Gallignana	Not placed	Family tree · Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here. (inf — the tree's own word, and nothing else yet.) The other 486 of the 668 tree-only people were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked. The tree gives the year as «1937–1991»; the roster carries the first of them. Death year recovered 22 September 2026 from this row's own tree range, which the import had written into the note and never into the date field. Nineteen rows were affected.
Ursula Defranceskiliving	—	—	Urach	Not placed	Family tree · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. A living person appears here by name and by town and by nothing else: no date of birth, no photograph. Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026 as one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. The eighty-four are the good list: the other 486 of the 668 were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked. ⚠ Possibly the same woman as Urzula Defranceski, added from her Arolsen camp fiche on 23 September 2026 without checking this row first. Same parents, same birthplace. Not merged — a living person's identity is David's to confirm.
Renata Defranceskiliving	—	—	Metzinger	Not placed	Family tree · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. A living person appears here by name and by town and by nothing else: no date of birth, no photograph. Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026 as one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. The eighty-four are the good list: the other 486 of the 668 were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked. ⚠ Possibly the same woman as Renate Defranceski, added from her Arolsen camp fiche on 23 September 2026 without checking this row first. Same parents, same birthplace. Not merged — a living person's identity is David's to confirm.
Daria de Franceschiliving	—	—	—	Not placed	Family tree · Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here. (inf — the tree's own word, and nothing else yet.) The other 486 of the 668 tree-only people were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked. Held as possibly living, so this archive prints the name and nothing else. Born within living memory with no death recorded anywhere this archive can reach — and the site's own rule is that a living person is given by name, and place, and no dates. The date this row used to print is still held here; it is simply not printed. If a death is found, the dates come back. Why this changed.
Carol Ann Defranceschiliving	—	—	—	Not placed	Family tree · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. A living person appears here by name and by town and by nothing else: no date of birth, no photograph. Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026 as one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. The eighty-four are the good list: the other 486 of the 668 were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
Ladislava Defranceskiliving	—	—	Crikvenica	Not placed	Family tree · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. A living person appears here by name and by town and by nothing else: no date of birth, no photograph. Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026 as one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. The eighty-four are the good list: the other 486 of the 668 were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
Petrica Defranceskiliving	—	—	Horsham	Not placed	Family tree · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. A living person appears here by name and by town and by nothing else: no date of birth, no photograph. Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026 as one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. The eighty-four are the good list: the other 486 of the 668 were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
Steven DeFranceschiliving	—	—	—	Not placed	Family tree · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. A living person appears here by name and by town and by nothing else: no date of birth, no photograph. Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026 as one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. The eighty-four are the good list: the other 486 of the 668 were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
Daniel DeFranceschiliving	—	—	Brooklyn, New York	Not placed	Family tree · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. A living person appears here by name and by town and by nothing else: no date of birth, no photograph. Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026 as one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. The eighty-four are the good list: the other 486 of the 668 were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
Roberto de Franceschiliving	—	—	Brooklyn, New York	Not placed	Family tree · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. A living person appears here by name and by town and by nothing else: no date of birth, no photograph. Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026 as one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. The eighty-four are the good list: the other 486 of the 668 were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
Sandra de Franceschiliving	—	—	Brooklyn, New York	Not placed	Family tree · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. A living person appears here by name and by town and by nothing else: no date of birth, no photograph. Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026 as one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. The eighty-four are the good list: the other 486 of the 668 were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
Debra Defranceschiliving	—	—	—	Not placed	Family tree · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. A living person appears here by name and by town and by nothing else: no date of birth, no photograph. Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026 as one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. The eighty-four are the good list: the other 486 of the 668 were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
Lisa de Franceschiliving	—	—	—	Not placed	Family tree · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. A living person appears here by name and by town and by nothing else: no date of birth, no photograph. Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026 as one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. The eighty-four are the good list: the other 486 of the 668 were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
Gary DeFranceschiliving	—	—	Brooklyn, New York	Not placed	Family tree · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. A living person appears here by name and by town and by nothing else: no date of birth, no photograph. Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026 as one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. The eighty-four are the good list: the other 486 of the 668 were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
Deborah de Franceschiliving	—	—	Brooklyn, New York	Not placed	Family tree · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. A living person appears here by name and by town and by nothing else: no date of birth, no photograph. Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026 as one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. The eighty-four are the good list: the other 486 of the 668 were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
David Ivan Defranceskiliving	—	—	Johannesburg	Not placed	Family tree · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. A living person appears here by name and by town and by nothing else: no date of birth, no photograph. Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026 as one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. The eighty-four are the good list: the other 486 of the 668 were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
Corie DeFranceschiliving	—	—	—	Not placed	Family tree · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. A living person appears here by name and by town and by nothing else: no date of birth, no photograph. Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026 as one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. The eighty-four are the good list: the other 486 of the 668 were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
Kyle DeFranceschiliving	—	—	—	Not placed	Family tree · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. A living person appears here by name and by town and by nothing else: no date of birth, no photograph. Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026 as one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. The eighty-four are the good list: the other 486 of the 668 were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
Gabrielle DeFranceschiliving	—	—	—	Not placed	Family tree · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. A living person appears here by name and by town and by nothing else: no date of birth, no photograph. Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026 as one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. The eighty-four are the good list: the other 486 of the 668 were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
Nicholas DeFranceschiliving	—	—	—	Not placed	Family tree · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. A living person appears here by name and by town and by nothing else: no date of birth, no photograph. Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026 as one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. The eighty-four are the good list: the other 486 of the 668 were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
Alyssa DeFranceschiliving	—	—	—	Not placed	Family tree · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. A living person appears here by name and by town and by nothing else: no date of birth, no photograph. Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026 as one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. The eighty-four are the good list: the other 486 of the 668 were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
Isabella Marie DeFranceschiliving	—	—	Allentown, Pennsylvania	Not placed	Family tree · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. A living person appears here by name and by town and by nothing else: no date of birth, no photograph. Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026 as one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. The eighty-four are the good list: the other 486 of the 668 were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
Matthew Michael DeFranceschiliving	—	—	Allentown, Pennsylvania	Not placed	Family tree · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. A living person appears here by name and by town and by nothing else: no date of birth, no photograph. Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026 as one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. The eighty-four are the good list: the other 486 of the 668 were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
Dragica de Franceschi	—	—	—	Not placed	Family tree · Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here. (inf — the tree's own word, and nothing else yet.) The other 486 of the 668 tree-only people were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
Aline Defranceskiliving	—	—	Germany	Not placed	Family tree · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. A living person appears here by name and by town and by nothing else: no date of birth, no photograph. Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026 as one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. The eighty-four are the good list: the other 486 of the 668 were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
Aurelio Defranceskiliving	—	—	—	Not placed	Family tree · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. A living person appears here by name and by town and by nothing else: no date of birth, no photograph. Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026 as one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. The eighty-four are the good list: the other 486 of the 668 were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
Lukrezia di Venezia de Franceschi	—	—	Venice	Not placed	Family tree · Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here. (inf — the tree's own word, and nothing else yet.) The other 486 of the 668 tree-only people were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
Giovachino de Franceschi	—	—	—	Not placed	Family tree · Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here. (inf — the tree's own word, and nothing else yet.) The other 486 of the 668 tree-only people were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
Guiseppe DeFranceschi	—	—	—	Not placed	Family tree · Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here. (inf — the tree's own word, and nothing else yet.) The other 486 of the 668 tree-only people were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
Maria De Franceschi Calzavara	—	—	—	Not placed	Family tree · Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here. (inf — the tree's own word, and nothing else yet.) The other 486 of the 668 tree-only people were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
María Rosa Magdalena Defranceschi	—	—	—	Not placed	Family tree · Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here. (inf — the tree's own word, and nothing else yet.) The other 486 of the 668 tree-only people were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
Erika Carolina de Franceschi	—	—	—	Not placed	Family tree · Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here. (inf — the tree's own word, and nothing else yet.) The other 486 of the 668 tree-only people were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
Ramon de Franceschi	—	—	—	Not placed	Family tree · Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here. (inf — the tree's own word, and nothing else yet.) The other 486 of the 668 tree-only people were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
Edith de Franceschi	—	—	—	Not placed	Family tree · Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here. (inf — the tree's own word, and nothing else yet.) The other 486 of the 668 tree-only people were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
Unknown DeFranceschi	—	—	—	Not placed	Family tree · Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here. (inf — the tree's own word, and nothing else yet.) The other 486 of the 668 tree-only people were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
Crikvenica Others de Franceschi	—	—	—	Not placed	Family tree · Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here. (inf — the tree's own word, and nothing else yet.) The other 486 of the 668 tree-only people were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
Leonardo De Franceschi	—	—	—	Not placed	Family tree · ⚠ 30 September 2026 — he is no longer tree-only. A register names him, and names him dead. Svetvinčenat marriages, film 005497886, frame 98, carta 55, 14 March 1785: «Antonio q. Leonardo de Franceschi da Gollogorizza Diocesi di Pedena…» — his son marrying, and styling himself son of the late* Leonardo.* So a Leonardo de Franceschi connected to Gologorica was dead before 14 March 1785. (doc for the patronymic and for his being dead by that date; inf* that he is this Leonardo.)* This also moves the Carnia chain, whose first generation is a «qm. Leonardo» known only from a styling of 1808 and reasoned to have died «before 1808». The marriage of 1785 pushes that back twenty-three years. --- What this row said before, and it stands as the other half of the picture: Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. At that point no register had been read for this person here.
Ferdinandi De Franceschi	—	—	—	Not placed	Family tree · Imported from David's live MyHeritage tree on 20 September 2026, one of the 84 the reconciliation found in the tree and not in this roster. Tree-derived: no register has been read for this person here. (inf — the tree's own word, and nothing else yet.) The other 486 of the 668 tree-only people were already inside David's own pens, tested and parked.
Daniele De Franceschi	1782	—	Paluzza · Paluzza, Udine	Carnia	Record index · 1782 at Paluzza, son of Zuanne De Franceschi and Maria Delli Zolti; the record also names Gasparo Silverio and Orsola Moser. He is almost certainly the Daniele who fathers Maria Anna at Paluzza on 9 November 1810 with Maria Silverio — and Gasparo and Orsola are then her parents. (inf on the join; doc on each record.) Italia, Udine, Stato Civile (Archivio di Stato), 1806-1815, 1871-1911 — the FamilySearch index of the very registers Antenati refuses to serve this archive.	record
Francesco De Franceschi (of Naunina)	1807	—	Paluzza · Naunina, Paluzza, Udine	Carnia	Record index · Born 14 December 1807 at Naunina, a hamlet of Paluzza — son of Francesco De Franceschi and Domenica Englaro. Italia, Udine, Stato Civile (Archivio di Stato), 1806-1815, 1871-1911 — the FamilySearch index of the very registers Antenati refuses to serve this archive. Naunina is one of the four comuni David's tree cites from this collection.	record
Maria Anna De Franceschi	1810	—	Paluzza · Paluzza, Udine	Carnia	Record index · Born 9 November 1810 at Paluzza, daughter of Daniele De Franceschi and Maria Silverio. Her father is very likely the Daniele born at Paluzza in 1782 to Zuanne and Maria Delli Zolti, which would make her the fourth generation of this household the index can reach. Italia, Udine, Stato Civile (Archivio di Stato), 1806-1815, 1871-1911 — the FamilySearch index of the very registers Antenati refuses to serve this archive.	record
Cattarina De Franceschi (of Paluzza)	1811	—	Paluzza · Paluzza, Udine	Carnia	Record index · Born 22 December 1811 at Paluzza, daughter of Francesco De Franceschi and Cattarina Delli Zotti. Note the mother's surname: a Delli Zolti married Zuanne a generation earlier and a Delli Zotti marries Francesco here — the same family, spelt two ways, married into the De Franceschi twice. And note the two Francescos: this one's wife is Cattarina Delli Zotti, while the Francesco of 1807 and 1810 has Domenica Englaro. Either one man remarried or there are two. Unresolved. Italia, Udine, Stato Civile (Archivio di Stato), 1806-1815, 1871-1911 — the FamilySearch index of the very registers Antenati refuses to serve this archive.	record tree
Pietro De Franceschi (of Paluzza)	1851	—	Paluzza · Paluzza, Udine	Carnia	Record index · 1851 at Paluzza, son of Daniele De Franceschi and Maria Pittino. A second Daniele, two generations after the first — the forename runs in this house. Italia, Udine, Stato Civile (Archivio di Stato), 1806-1815, 1871-1911 — the FamilySearch index of the very registers Antenati refuses to serve this archive.	record
Maria De Franceschi (of Paluzza)	1865	—	Paluzza · Paluzza, Udine	Carnia	Record index · 1865 at Paluzza, daughter of Costantino De Franceschi and Giovanna Lazzara. Italia, Udine, Stato Civile (Archivio di Stato), 1806-1815, 1871-1911 — the FamilySearch index of the very registers Antenati refuses to serve this archive.	record
Egidio Soravito De Franceschi	—	—	Ovaro, Udine	Carnia	Record index · At Ovaro, son of Sebastiano Soravito De Franceschi and Giacoma Gortani. «Soravito De Franceschi» is a compound Carnian surname, and whether it belongs inside this one-name study is a question this archive has not answered. Recorded here so the decision is made deliberately rather than by omission. Italia, Udine, Stato Civile (Archivio di Stato), 1806-1815, 1871-1911 — the FamilySearch index of the very registers Antenati refuses to serve this archive.	record
Pietro Antonio De Franceschi (of Paluzza)	1810	—	Paluzza · Paluzza, Udine	Carnia	Record index · Born 5 June 1810 at Paluzza, son of Francesco De Franceschi and Domenica Englaro, brother of the Francesco born at Naunina on 14 December 1807. Italia, Udine, Stato Civile (Archivio di Stato), 1806-1815, 1871-1911 — the FamilySearch index of the very registers Antenati refuses to serve this archive. Qualified «of Paluzza»* because this archive already holds a Pietro Anto of the name elsewhere, and the roster is record-level: two records, two rows, and no claim that they are one man.*	record tree
Maria di Nardo Defranceschi	1709	—	Svetvinčenat	S. Istria	Read off the register · *«Maria d' m.ro* Nardo defranceschi 13 Agosto 1709 — c. 13 tergo», from the M page of the Svetvinčenat births index, 1709–1764 (film 005497884, index image 204). Her father is the Nardo this archive already met. The 1707 register carries a boy Piero baptised twice, on 6 and 15 October, to a father written Nardo once and Lunardo once and a mother Eufemia both times. This is that household two years on, and it is the first thing this archive has found at Svetvinčenat after 1707 — which is exactly where its reading stopped. The «m.ro»* is the trade title* — maestro — which the Svetvinčenat fathers of this name carry from 1666 onward. Carta 13 t° is unopened, and would give the mother and the godparents. (doc for the index line; the register leaf is unread.)
Marina di Piero Defranceschi	1710	—	Svetvinčenat	S. Istria	Read off the register · This row and the index row are the same child. The index entry that first put her here («Marina di Piero Defranceschi, 21 Febraro 1710 — c. 6») and the leaf are merged: the leaf wins on the carta and adds the mother.22 September 2026 — the index entry behind this reading is now attached: `1:1:X9DP-3HTQ`, «Marina De Franceschi · Baptism 1710 · Croazia, Austria · Father Piero De Franceschi* · Mother Vittoria». The mother's name is new — the page gave the father and not her. The eye-read and the index agree on everything else, which is worth having said.*	record
Maria di Batta Defranceschi	1716	—	Svetvinčenat	S. Istria	Read off the register · *«Maria di Batto Defranceschi, 13 Luglio 1716 — c. 26», from the M page of the Svetvinčenat births index, 1709–1764 (film 005497884, index image 205). She is the earliest child of Batta's household this archive holds.* Batta — Gio Batta, Giovanni Battista — was known here for Gasparo (10 August 1718), Cattarina (10 February 1728) and Battistina (1731). Maria of 1716 comes two years before Gasparo and pushes the household back. Carta 26 is unopened, and would give the mother — which matters, because carta 66 gives Batta's wife as Anzoletta in 1728 while the families page carries a «1733 Maria, of Giacomo* and Anzoletta». Two husbands for one wife's name, and this entry is twelve years earlier than either.* (doc for the index line; the register leaf is unread.) Flagged, 21 September 2026: carta 26 has been opened and she is not on it. The leaf runs 18 April to 22 June 1716 and carries no Defranceschi; its verso opens on 18 July. *The index's «13 Luglio 1716 — c. 26»* has nothing behind it at that carta.** She may still be real — a leaf either side would hold mid-July — but she is now unlocated, not confirmed. (inf.)
Maria di Giacomo Defranceschi (1728)	1728	—	Svetvinčenat	S. Istria	Read off the register · *«Maria di Giacomo Defranceschi 11 Feb.o 1728 — c. 66», from the Svetvinčenat births index (film 005497884, «Matična knjiga rodjenih 1703–1763»). (doc for the index line; the register leaf is unread.)* This settles a question the archive had open. The families page carried «1733 Maria, of Giacomo* and Anzoletta»* while carta 66 gave «Batta* de Fran.chi et di Anzoletta»* in 1728 — two husbands for one forename. The index shows why: carta 66 carries both. Batta's Cattarina on 10 February 1728 and Giacomo's Maria on 11 February 1728, one day apart on the same leaf. They are two different men. A reading of that leaf could very easily carry Anzoletta from one entry to the next.
Maria di Giacomo Defranceschi (1733)	1733	—	Svetvinčenat	S. Istria	Read off the register · *«Maria di Giacomo Defranceschi 4 9bre 1733 — c. 83», from the Svetvinčenat births index (film 005497884, «Matična knjiga rodjenih 1703–1763»). (doc for the index line; the register leaf is unread.)* Giacomo's second Maria. The first was baptised 11 February 1728 (carta 66). A family that uses a name twice has usually buried the first child — the same pattern this archive found at Fiume, where Giuseppe's Valentino of 1772 died in 1775 and the next son was christened Valentino again in 1776. This is the Maria the families page dates to 1733, and the date was right.
Piero di Nadal Defranceschi (1725)	1725	—	Svetvinčenat	S. Istria	Read off the register · *«Piero di Nadal Defranceschi… 1725», from the P page of the Svetvinčenat births index (film 005497884, index image 211). A father new to this archive: Nadal — Natale.* He is not Nardo (Leonardo), who fathered Piero in 1707 and Maria in 1709; Nadal is a distinct forename and a distinct household. (inf on the distinction — the index gives no patronymic.) (doc for the index line; the register leaf is unread.)
Piero di Nadal Defranceschi (1734)	1734	—	Svetvinčenat	S. Istria	Read off the register · *«Piero di Nadal Defranceschi 12 Febraro 1734», from the P page of the Svetvinčenat births index (film 005497884, index image 211). Nadal's second Piero.* The first was baptised about 1725, so the name is being given again — the pattern that usually means the first child died. (doc for the index line; the register leaf is unread.)
Nadal Defranceschi	—	—	Svetvinčenat	S. Istria	Read off the register · A third Defranceschi household in the castle, and he is here only as a father. The P page of the Svetvinčenat births index names him twice — *«Piero di Nadal Defranceschi»* about 1725 and again on 12 February 1734. Nadal is Natale, and he is not the Nardo (Leonardo) who fathered Piero in 1707 and Maria in 1709. So by the 1730s the castle holds at least five men of the name fathering children — Nardo, Piero, Batta, Giacomo and Nadal — which is what the Atti meant by calling this the one surname with a continuity in San Vincenti. (inf — named in records, with none of his own yet.) He steps out of the index and onto a leaf. On 12 July 1732, carta 79 verso, «Padrini al S. Fonte furono D. Nadal Defraneschi» — godfather to Valentin, son of Micò Vitich, with the honorific D. Beware the same leaf: four entries below him a godmother is entered as «Maria mog. di Nadal Venir», a different man and a different family. (doc.)
Giuseppe Defranceschi	1904	—	Vodnjan (Dignano)	S. Istria	Record index · Born at Dignano, 1 September 1904, head of a household of five in the Italian IRO files, entered *«nationality: Venezia Giulia»* — the formula used for the Istrians who left after 1947. He also stands in the IRO files under DANISKA (3.2.1.5). *IRO «Care and Maintenance»* file, Italy (Arolsen 3.2.1.2)** — the paperwork of the esodo, the Istrian exodus of 1947. Arolsen Archives online collections, read 21 September 2026 under the -schi spelling, which this archive had not tried until the service came back up. (doc)
Giovanna Defranceschi (Bortolussi)	1911	—	Vodnjan (Dignano)	S. Istria	Record index · Born at Dignano, 26 July 1911. Wife in the Dignano household; her maiden name is recorded, Bortolussi. *IRO «Care and Maintenance»* file, Italy (Arolsen 3.2.1.2)** — the paperwork of the esodo, the Istrian exodus of 1947. Arolsen Archives online collections, read 21 September 2026 under the -schi spelling, which this archive had not tried until the service came back up. (doc)
Giordana Defranceschi	1937	—	Vodnjan (Dignano)	S. Istria	Record index · Born at Dignano, 16 April 1937, daughter in the Dignano household. *IRO «Care and Maintenance»* file, Italy (Arolsen 3.2.1.2)** — the paperwork of the esodo, the Istrian exodus of 1947. Arolsen Archives online collections, read 21 September 2026 under the -schi spelling, which this archive had not tried until the service came back up. (doc) Restored 22 September 2026. This row briefly printed name and place only, under a test that treats anyone born within living memory with no recorded death as possibly living. David's decision is that the rule is about his relatives, and that a person found in an already-public index keeps the dates that index publishes. This household came out of the Arolsen collections, not the family tree. The decision and its reasoning.
Maria Defranceschi	1939	—	Vodnjan (Dignano)	S. Istria	Record index · Born at Dignano, 21 November 1939, daughter in the Dignano household. *IRO «Care and Maintenance»* file, Italy (Arolsen 3.2.1.2)** — the paperwork of the esodo, the Istrian exodus of 1947. Arolsen Archives online collections, read 21 September 2026 under the -schi spelling, which this archive had not tried until the service came back up. (doc) Restored 22 September 2026. This row briefly printed name and place only, under a test that treats anyone born within living memory with no recorded death as possibly living. David's decision is that the rule is about his relatives, and that a person found in an already-public index keeps the dates that index publishes. This household came out of the Arolsen collections, not the family tree. The decision and its reasoning.
Stefano Defranceschi	—	—	Vodnjan (Dignano)	S. Istria	Record index · Fifth name in the Dignano household. The file gives no date for him and this archive supplies none. *IRO «Care and Maintenance»* file, Italy (Arolsen 3.2.1.2)** — the paperwork of the esodo, the Istrian exodus of 1947. Arolsen Archives online collections, read 21 September 2026 under the -schi spelling, which this archive had not tried until the service came back up. (doc)
Livio Defranceschi	1925	—	Pula (Pola)	S. Istria	Record index · Born at Pola, 4 August 1925, entered *«nationality: Venezia Giulia». A separate IRO household from the Dignano one, with Carlo* and Violetta née Kuvach beside him. *IRO «Care and Maintenance»* file, Italy (Arolsen 3.2.1.2)** — the paperwork of the esodo, the Istrian exodus of 1947. Arolsen Archives online collections, read 21 September 2026 under the -schi spelling, which this archive had not tried until the service came back up. (doc) And a Livio Defranceschi landed at New York in 1957 on the SS Constitution — NARA T715 roll 8833, film 002322278, «birth place Italian» and nothing finer. A Pola man in a 1947 displaced-persons file and a Livio landing in 1957 are the right shape for one life. This archive is not joining them: the manifest gives no birth year and no town, and the only thing the two records share is a forename. The plate would settle it and is blocked on a FamilySearch sign-in. (inf, and deliberately unresolved.)
Carlo Defranceschi	—	—	Pula (Pola)	S. Istria	Record index · In the Pola IRO household with Livio. No date in the file. *IRO «Care and Maintenance»* file, Italy (Arolsen 3.2.1.2)** — the paperwork of the esodo, the Istrian exodus of 1947. Arolsen Archives online collections, read 21 September 2026 under the -schi spelling, which this archive had not tried until the service came back up. (doc)
Violetta Defranceschi (Kuvach)	—	—	Pula (Pola)	S. Istria	Record index · In the Pola IRO household; maiden name Kuvach, a Croatian name in an Italian file. No date. *IRO «Care and Maintenance»* file, Italy (Arolsen 3.2.1.2)** — the paperwork of the esodo, the Istrian exodus of 1947. Arolsen Archives online collections, read 21 September 2026 under the -schi spelling, which this archive had not tried until the service came back up. (doc)
Angela Ornano (Defranceschi)	1894	—	Pula (Pola)	S. Istria	Record index · Born at Pola, 4 November 1894, a daughter of the name who married an Ornano and is filed under her husband's. She is the only person in this set recorded under a married surname. *IRO «Care and Maintenance»* file, Italy (Arolsen 3.2.1.2)** — the paperwork of the esodo, the Istrian exodus of 1947. Arolsen Archives online collections, read 21 September 2026 under the -schi spelling, which this archive had not tried until the service came back up. (doc)
Raimondo Defranceschi	1914	—	Trieste	Other	Record index · Born at Trieste, 22 October 1914, recorded *«Raimondo / Rajmondo»* — the file writes both. Entered *«nationality: Venezia Giulia»; also under DANISKA (3.2.1.5). IRO «Care and Maintenance»* file, Italy (Arolsen 3.2.1.2)** — the paperwork of the esodo, the Istrian exodus of 1947. Arolsen Archives online collections, read 21 September 2026 under the -schi spelling, which this archive had not tried until the service came back up. (doc)
Leonilde Defranceschi (Primosic)	1922	—	Trieste	Other	Record index · Born at Trieste, 25 July 1922; maiden name Primosic. Wife in the Trieste household. *IRO «Care and Maintenance»* file, Italy (Arolsen 3.2.1.2)** — the paperwork of the esodo, the Istrian exodus of 1947. Arolsen Archives online collections, read 21 September 2026 under the -schi spelling, which this archive had not tried until the service came back up. (doc)
Claudio Defranceschi	1942	—	Trieste	Other	Record index · Born at Trieste, 20 January 1942 — the file writes it *«CALUDIO», a clerk's transposition. IRO «Care and Maintenance»* file, Italy (Arolsen 3.2.1.2)** — the paperwork of the esodo, the Istrian exodus of 1947. Arolsen Archives online collections, read 21 September 2026 under the -schi spelling, which this archive had not tried until the service came back up. (doc) Restored 22 September 2026. This row briefly printed name and place only, under a test that treats anyone born within living memory with no recorded death as possibly living. David's decision is that the rule is about his relatives, and that a person found in an already-public index keeps the dates that index publishes. This household came out of the Arolsen collections, not the family tree. The decision and its reasoning.
Aldo Defranceschi	—	—	Trieste	Other	Record index · Youngest of the Trieste household, born after the war. His date is withheld: the file gives a 1946 birth and this archive does not print a date that close to its own eighty-year line. *IRO «Care and Maintenance»* file, Italy (Arolsen 3.2.1.2)** — the paperwork of the esodo, the Istrian exodus of 1947. Arolsen Archives online collections, read 21 September 2026 under the -schi spelling, which this archive had not tried until the service came back up. (doc)
Giovanni Defranceschi	—	—	Italy	Other	Record index · One of two men of this name in the Italian IRO files, with Ida née Revelant beside him. No date. *IRO «Care and Maintenance»* file, Italy (Arolsen 3.2.1.2)** — the paperwork of the esodo, the Istrian exodus of 1947. Arolsen Archives online collections, read 21 September 2026 under the -schi spelling, which this archive had not tried until the service came back up. (doc)
Ida Defranceschi (Revelant)	—	—	Italy	Other	Record index · Maiden name Revelant, a Friulian name. In the Italian IRO files. No date. *IRO «Care and Maintenance»* file, Italy (Arolsen 3.2.1.2)** — the paperwork of the esodo, the Istrian exodus of 1947. Arolsen Archives online collections, read 21 September 2026 under the -schi spelling, which this archive had not tried until the service came back up. (doc)
Domenica Defranceschi (Clagnan)	—	—	Italy	Other	Record index · Maiden name Clagnan, also Friulian. In the Italian IRO files with a second Giovanni. No date. *IRO «Care and Maintenance»* file, Italy (Arolsen 3.2.1.2)** — the paperwork of the esodo, the Istrian exodus of 1947. Arolsen Archives online collections, read 21 September 2026 under the -schi spelling, which this archive had not tried until the service came back up. (doc)
Duilio Defranceschi	—	—	Italy	Other	Record index · «Emigrations in 1951» (Arolsen 3.1.3.2) — one of three of the name in the emigration lists of that year. Arolsen Archives online collections, read 21 September 2026 under the -schi spelling, which this archive had not tried until the service came back up. (doc)
Nella Defranceschi	—	—	Italy	Other	Record index · «Emigrations in 1951» (Arolsen 3.1.3.2). Arolsen Archives online collections, read 21 September 2026 under the -schi spelling, which this archive had not tried until the service came back up. (doc)
Rita Defranceschi	—	—	Italy	Other	Record index · «Emigrations in 1951» (Arolsen 3.1.3.2). Arolsen Archives online collections, read 21 September 2026 under the -schi spelling, which this archive had not tried until the service came back up. (doc)
Romano Defranceschi	1921	—	Mauthausen	Other	Record index · Born 26 March 1921, prisoner 80140 at Mauthausen — a personal file (1.1.26.3) and a Häftlingspersonalkarte received from Yad Vashem (1.1.26.8). The file gives no birthplace. Arolsen Archives online collections, read 21 September 2026 under the -schi spelling, which this archive had not tried until the service came back up. (doc)
Antonio Defranceschi	1909	—	Natzweiler (Struthof)	Other	Record index · Born 31 January 1909, prisoner 8165 at Natzweiler-Struthof (1.1.29.2). No birthplace in the file. Arolsen Archives online collections, read 21 September 2026 under the -schi spelling, which this archive had not tried until the service came back up. (doc)
Gino Defranceschi	1911	—	Germany	Other	Record index · Born 12 December 1911, in Arolsen's «Information of various kind» (2.1.1.1). No birthplace. Arolsen Archives online collections, read 21 September 2026 under the -schi spelling, which this archive had not tried until the service came back up. (doc)
Yvonne Leontine Defranceschi	1922	—	Nürnberg	Other	Record index · Born 13 October 1922, in the register of foreigners present in the district of Nürnberg during the war (2.1.1.1). A French given name in a German wartime file. Arolsen Archives online collections, read 21 September 2026 under the -schi spelling, which this archive had not tried until the service came back up. (doc)
Giuseppe Joseph Defranceschi	1891	—	Boulogne	Other	Record index · Born at Boulogne, 4 January 1891, in the Bremen State archive papers (7.5.18), where the clerk also wrote the name *«Defraneeschi». The only person of the name in this set born in France. Arolsen Archives online collections, read 21 September 2026* under the -schi spelling, which this archive had not tried until the service came back up. (doc)
Marina De Franceschi	1710	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · *«Marina figlia legitima di Piero de Franceschi et di Vittoria jugali, nata questa matina»* — born and baptised 21 February 1710, carta 16. Godparents Sime Percovich and Zuana. The volume's index cites this entry at «c. 6»; carta 6 is in 1706 and the entry is on carta 16. The Svetvinčenat leaves, read 21 September 2026 — film 005497885, the volume's own register text rather than its index. (doc)22 September 2026 — the index entry behind this reading is now attached:* `1:1:X9DP-3HTQ`,* *«Marina De Franceschi · Baptism 1710 · Croazia, Austria · Father* Piero De Franceschi · Mother Vittoria». The mother's name is new* — the page gave the father and not her. The eye-read and the index agree on everything else, which is worth having said.*	record
Vittoria De Franceschi	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · Wife of Piero de Franceschi, named on carta 16 at the birth of their daughter Marina, 21 February 1710 — «di Piero de Franceschi et di Vittoria* jugali». The register gives her no surname. The Svetvinčenat leaves, read 21 September 2026 — film 005497885, the volume's own register text rather than its index. (doc)*
Marcio De Franceschi	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · A man of the name the index cannot reach. He stands godfather twice in seven weeks, each time with a title: 26 December 1709, carta 15 — «il sig.r Marcio de Franceschi* et Elena, moglie di Martin Salambat»; and 6 February 1710, carta 16 — «il S.r Marcio de Franceschi et la S.ra Isabella Spiera». The volume's index is arranged by the child's forename, so an adult who only ever stands as a godparent never appears in it.* The forename is written *«Marcio»* — most likely this clerk's Marzio, possibly his Marco. This archive prints the page's form and does not choose between them. The Svetvinčenat leaves, read 21 September 2026 — film 005497885, the volume's own register text rather than its index. (doc)
Elena De Franceschi	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · Named as Giacomo de Franceschi's wife on carta 66, at the baptism of their daughter Maria on 11 February 1728 — «Maria fig.a leg.ma di Giacomo de Fran.chi et di Elena* jugali», read at magnification. She does not reconcile with the rest of the household as this archive holds it: a Maria* is carried as Giacomo's first wife in 1731, an Anzoletta stands on carta 83 in 1733 and an Anzola in 1737. Three or four wives in ten years is more likely two Giacomos — and the 1733 clerk says as much by writing «di Pietro» after the name for the first time. Recorded as read, and the conflict is left open. The Svetvinčenat leaves, read 21 September 2026 — film 005497885, the volume's own register text rather than its index. (doc)
★Louis De Franceschi	1873	—	Sequals → Washington, D.C.	Other	Record index · Born at Sequals, Province of Udine, on 3 November 1873, and that is the fact the index did not carry. Passport 148535, issued Washington 18 December 1919: he sailed from Havre about February 1907, lived at Washington, District of Columbia from 1907, was naturalised before the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia on 4 October 1915, was domiciled at 309 14th Street NW, and gave his occupation as cement decorator — the Sequals trade, terrazzo and mosaic. His father is Pietro De Franceschi, already dead by 1919. Tobias, who applied in 1922 as a native citizen born at Washington, names Louis as his father. United States Passport Applications, the image read on 21 September 2026 — the transcript gives only «Italy»; the plate gives the town. (doc)
Pietro De Franceschi	—	—	Sequals	Other	Record index · Named as Louis's father on the 1919 passport application, «born in Italy… now residing at Deceased». The application gives no date for him and this archive supplies none; his son's birth at Sequals in 1873 places the household there. United States Passport Applications, the image read on 21 September 2026 — the transcript gives only «Italy»; the plate gives the town. (doc)
★Giovanni DeFranceschi	1876	—	Castronovo → Torrington, Connecticut	Other	Record index · Born at Castronovo on 10 December 1876 — the town the index reduced to «Italy». Passport 109256, issued Washington 6 January 1922: he sailed from Havre about April 1903, lived at Torrington, Connecticut from 1903, and was naturalised before the Superior Court of Litchfield County at Winsted on 14 February 1911. His father is Francesco DeFranceschi, dead by 1922. Castronovo is not pinned. The record gives no province, and Castronovo di Sicilia and Castronuovo di Sant'Andrea both answer to the name. What is certain is that this is not a Friulian or Istrian household — the first southern Italian family of the surname this archive has documented. United States Passport Applications, the image read on 21 September 2026 — the transcript gives only «Italy»; the plate gives the town. (doc)
Francesco DeFranceschi	—	—	Castronovo	Other	Record index · Named as Giovanni's father on the 1922 passport application, «born in Italy… now residing at deceased». No date is given and none is supplied here. United States Passport Applications, the image read on 21 September 2026 — the transcript gives only «Italy»; the plate gives the town. (doc)
Laura Defranceschi	1848	1931	Croydon, Surrey	Other	Record index · The only person of this exact surname in the England and Wales death index, 1837–2007. «Laura Defranceschi, female, birth year 1848, age 83, death quarter 4, death year 1931, district Croydon, county Surrey, volume 2A, page 520». Born about 1848, which is before any emigration this archive has documented, and nothing links her to the Cardiff household but the surname. Emerico married Marietta Cosulich at Roath in 1876; whether Laura is of that family, of the Italian community in London, or of neither, is untested. The GRO certificate would say — it carries the exact age, the address and the informant. (doc for the index; the identification is open — inf at best, and this archive is not making it.)
Matthea De Franceschi	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · Wife of Antonio Defranceschi, named in the year of the exemption. Carta 80, 1 May 1780: «Patrini ad sacrum fontem fuere Michael Roubaglich ex Parrochia Sanvincentina et Matthea uxor Antonij Defranceschi» — godmother to Joannes, son of Gregorio Matias and Lucia. *The Antonio she is married to is almost certainly the Antonio of Atti* 48** — «Guidati da Antonio Defranceschi, nel 1780 avevano ottenuto l'esonero dal partecipare alla difesa armata» — same castle, same year. This archive does not merge them: the register gives a husband's forename and the article gives a leader's, and nothing yet joins the two documents. (doc for the entry; inf for the identification.) Read off the leaf, 21 September 2026 — film 005497885, births 1764–1791, frame 81. And she is still alive two years later. Frame 98 of the same volume, 18 August 1782: «Patrini ad sacrum fontem fuere Martinus Merklem, et Matthea Vxor Antonij Defranceschi» — godmother to Maria, daughter of Georgius Piglich and Lucia. Magnified. Her attested span is now 1 May 1780 to 18 August 1782, and her husband is alive alongside her. (doc.)
Riccardo Defranceschi	1889	—	New York	Other	Record index · Aged sixty when he crossed. New York City passenger lists: «Riccardo Defranceschi, age 60, birth year 1889, birth place Italian, arrival year 1949, arrival city New York, ship Atlantico» — NARA publication T715, roll 7738, film 002296450. A man of sixty arriving in 1949 is not an economic migrant, and the year is the middle of the Istrian esodo. The manifest would say where he came from; the index does not — the post-war series records only nationality, and the town is on the plate. (doc for the arrival; everything about his origin is open.) Findmypast, read 21 September 2026.
Elena De Franceschi (Sandalezza)	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · Married 9 February 1766 at San Vincenti, and the first marriage of this name the archive has read there. «…ha contratto il matrimonio per verba de presenti con Elena figlia di q. Mattio de Franceschi, nativa di questo Castello» — carta 11 of the marriages 1762–1815. Her husband is Mattio, son of the late Michiel Sandalezza, a native of the Territory of Albona (Labin) who had lived about fifteen years in the district of San Vincenti before he was admitted to marry here. Her father was already dead. A bride of 1766 was born around the 1740s — inside the twenty-nine years the volume's index cannot reach. (doc, read at magnification, 21 September 2026.)
Mattio De Franceschi	—	1766	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · Dead before 9 February 1766, and known only because his daughter married. The marriage entry calls her «Elena figlia di q[uondam] Mattio de Franceschi, nativa di questo Castello» — quondam being the whole of what is recorded about him. He is the ninth man of the name at the castle and no birth, marriage or burial of his has been found. This archive already carries a Mattio De Franceschi born 1674 and another born 1690 at Svetvinčenat, from the household and tree sources. A man dying before 1766 could be either, or neither, and none of the three is merged here — the marriage gives a forename and a death-before date, which is not enough to join a person to a person. (doc for the fact of his death; the identification is open.) He has a second daughter, and so his household has a shape. On 17 October 1773 the same register marries «Fusca filia q. Mathiae de Franceschi* Parochiana huius Ecclesiae»* to Marc'Antonio Jacomini. Elena in 1766 and Fusca de Franceschi in 1773 are both daughters of a dead Mattio de Franceschi of this parish — two entries, seven years apart, in one volume. (doc for each entry; that the two fathers are one man is inf, and it would take two dead Mattios in one small parish to break it.) He remains recorded only through his children's weddings.
Marie Defranceschi	—	—	Thiébauménil, Meurthe-et-Moselle, France	Abroad	Read off the register · The only woman of the name yet found in Lorraine, and her own daughter's birth act spells her differently from the record that led here. David brought a French Table des successions et absences naming Marie DEFRANCESKI, widow of Louis Alphonse LABAYE, who died at Bénaménil (Meurthe-et-Moselle) on 4 April 1940. Two censuses and a decennial table later, the couple is documented — under the spelling Defranceschi. The 1910 birth register of Thiébauménil, the commune next to Bénaménil, opens its year with her child (2 E 519/7, image 170; acte n° 1): > «L'an mil neuf cent dix, le trente janvier à onze heures du matin. Pardevant Nous, Nicolas Joseph Roi, Maire et Officier de l'État civil de la commune de Thiébauménil, arrondissement de Lunéville […] a comparu : Louis Alphonse Labaye, âgé de ~~cinquante~~ quarante-un ans, domicilié à Thiébauménil, maçon, lequel nous a déclaré qu'aujourd'hui à huit heures du matin, Marie Defranceschi, âgée de vingt-neuf ans, sans profession, son épouse, est accouchée en son domicile d'un enfant du sexe féminin […] les prénoms de Marthe Louise.» Aged twenty-nine in January 1910, so born about 1880 or 1881. Her husband was a mason, forty-one, born about 1868 — which is exactly the birth year the succession table estimated thirty years later. (doc.) Two daughters, both born at Thiébauménil, from the commune's decennial table (2 E 519/TD 2, images 36–37, a typed table printed 27 November 1995): Henriette Amélie, acte 8 of 11 July 1908, and Marthe Louise, acte 1 of 30 January 1910. A margin note on Marthe's act carries her forward: «Mariée à Bénaménil le 19 mai 1934 avec Ernest Larger» — and the 1936 census of Bénaménil duly lists «Labaye Marthe 1910 Thiébauménil» as the wife of Larger Ernest, peintre, with their daughter Rose, 1927. (doc.) Where Marie came from is still open. The couple did not marry at Thiébauménil: its marriage table for 1903–1912 runs Humbert Jean Charles → Leybach Constant Lucien with no Labaye, and carries no Defranceschi under her own name either. The marriage act — the one record that would give her parents and her birthplace — is in some other commune's register. (inf, for the negative.)
Giacomo de Franceschi (d. bef. 1771)	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · Dead before 23 November 1771, and on the page only as a word: quondam. A marriage witness that day is entered as «Jacobo q. Jacobi de Franceschi» — Giacomo, son of the late Giacomo de Franceschi. Nothing else of him is recorded there: no age, no trade, no widow. He is the tenth man of the name at the castle, and he may not be a tenth man at all — this archive already holds a Giacomo De Franceschi born 1706 and another born 1731 at Svetvinčenat, and the father of a man marrying in 1772 could be either. None of the three is merged here. (doc for the fact of his death; the identification is open.) See Giacomo de Franceschi M 1772. His household is now partly visible. Four baptisms between 1750 and 1759 give a Giacomo de Franceschi and Pascasia as parents at this parish — the children being an unread forename (1750), Giacomo Battista (1753), Giovanni (1756) and Antonia (1759). Whether that Giacomo is this one is open: the register also carries a «Jacobus filius Jacobi Defranceschi» standing godfather in 1754, and godmothers styled «uxor Jacobi Defranceschi» whose forename reads as Veneranda rather than Pascasia in 1754, 1755 and 1756. Either two men of the name were married at once, or those three lines are misread at scan resolution; they have not yet been magnified. (inf, and flagged.) He had a grown son called Gasparo, and that collapses two households into one. Twice in 1762 the baptism register writes «Gasparo figlio di M.o Giacomo de Franceschi» — 1 August and 15 December, both magnified. This archive had been reading Gasparo and Giacomo as two separate households running alongside each other through the 1750s; they are a father and his adult son. (doc.) And the volume's own index dates that son. It carries «Casparg, of Jacobo De Franceschi and Anzola, 26 December 1737» — which makes Gasparo twenty-four in August 1762, exactly the age of an adult godparent. So Giacomo married twice: Anzola, mother of Gasparo, and Pascasia, mother of the four children of 1750–1759. (inf, from two records twenty-five years apart.)
Giacomo de Franceschi (m. 1772)	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · Married at Svetvinčenat on 10 June 1772 — the first wedding of the name found in the parish's marriage register, which no one had opened before this archive did. > «Anno Domini 1772, 10 Junij. Giacobus filius Giacobi de Franceschi, et Nicolina filia Nicolai Teserati, juncti sunt per verba de presenti per me D. Martinum Luciani ex comissione Parochi, tribus premissis denunciationibus, testibus D.no Michaele Luciani et Vicentio Vemir alijsque pluribus, addita benedictione.» He appears seven months earlier as a witness, on 23 November 1771, where the clerk is more careful and writes «Jacobo q. Jacobi de Franceschi» — so his father was already dead. A man marrying in 1772 was most likely born in the 1740s, which is exactly the stretch the parish's baptism index does not reach. No baptism of his has been found and he is merged with nobody. (doc for the marriage; the birth is inferred and the identification open.) The bride's surname is the one word on the page this reading will not guarantee — Teserati, possibly Teseveti. A candidate for who he was. The baptism register has a Giacomo Battista, son of Giacomo Defranceschi and Pascasia, born 19 August 1753 — eighteen at the time of this wedding, and eighteen when his father died. The fit is good and it is not claimed, because the same register shows a second, older «Jacobus filius Jacobi Defranceschi» as a godfather in May 1754, so there were already two men of the forename in the same generation. (inf.) See Giacomo Battista de Franceschi (b. 1753). --- 28 September 2026 — a second witnessing, two days after the first, and the bride now has a page. This page records him as a witness on 23 November 1771. He witnesses again on 25 November 1771, at the marriage of Michael son of Mattia Bulcich and Elena Milovan: «addita Benedictione. Testibus Jacobo q. Jacobi de Fran-/ceschi, et Vincentio Vemir». Film 005497886, frame 62, both entries read at 2.2×. (doc.) Twice in one week the parish asked the same young man to stand. He marries seven months later. The marriage act was re-read at 2.2× on the same day and the transcription above holds, with one caveat sharpened: the bride's surname reads closest to Tes[s]ereti. She now has a page — Nicolina Teserati (m. 1772) — which carries the doubt rather than hiding it.
Antonio de Franceschi (witness 1773)	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · Named on a dozen entries between January 1773 and April 1775, and never as a bridegroom — always as the man the parish asked to stand witness. (This page said «six times in ten months of 1773»* until 28 September 2026; the marriage film gives many more, and they run two years past where the count stopped.)* On 25 January, twice on 27 January, on 2 May, on 5 August and on 31 October 1773 the Svetvinčenat marriage register closes the entry «testibus Ant.º de Franceschi* et Jo: Sain», or the same with Vincentio Vemir or Stephano Petrovich in Sain's place. He has a grown son.* On 4 February 1773 the witness is «Victorio de Franceschi filio Antonij» — Vittorio, son of Antonio. That single phrase is what dates him: a son old enough to witness in 1773 puts Antonio's own birth about 1730 at the latest, and possibly a decade earlier. (doc for the appearances and for the son; the birth year is inferred from his son's age.) He is not merged with anyone. The archive already carries an Antonio De Franceschi born 1704 at Svetvinčenat, who would have been sixty-nine in 1773 — possible, and not proven. A name and a decade is not an identification. See Vittorio de Franceschi, son of Antonio. He was the bell-ringer, and that is why he is on so many pages. Three entries of 1774–75 give him an occupation, one of them with the word in front where it cannot be misparsed: «e del Campanaro Antonio Defranceschi» (25 September 1775), «Ant.º Defranceschi Campanaro, ed altri» (27 February 1775), «d'Ant.º Defranceschi Campanaro» (29 October 1775). This archive first read his six 1773 appearances as a mark of standing. The duller explanation is the right one: he worked at the church, and the priest reaching for a witness reached for the man already in the building. (doc.) He does not hold the title alone. «Zne Sain Campanaro» appears in February and July 1776 and January 1777. Either the office changed hands or the parish had more than one bell-ringer. (inf.) Eleven appearances in all, 1773 to 1775, and then nothing: after 1775 the name in the witness line is Domenico. See Domenico Defranceschi, witness 1777. His own marriage is not in the book. The whole volume, 1762–1779, has now been read frame by frame. With a son old enough to witness in February 1773 he married about 1750–1756, before this register opens — inside the gap between 1623 and 1762 that the parish's marriage books do not cover. (doc, for the negative.) He is a grandfather in the record too. His son Vittorio's children are in this archive's burials: Antonia (1804–1808), Giovanni Pietro (1809), Antonio (1811) and Gioanni Maria (d. 1813). The grandson carries his name, which is what the parish's naming habit would predict. (inf.) Three generations of the name at Svetvinčenat now run Antonio → Vittorio → Antonio, on the strength of a witness line, a burial and a naming pattern — no baptism among them. And here he is as a father, which is what eight days of reading were for. The baptism register of 1764–1791, at 9 December 1769, carta 26: «Fran.ca figlia di D.no Ant.o De Franceschi* e Donna Mattia … nata li 8 corrente». Magnified and read letter by letter. So Antonio was a householder at Svetvinčenat by 1769* — not a man who arrived about 1770, which is what this archive had been inferring from his absence as a parent in volume one. He is styled D.no, Dominus, a courtesy the register withholds from most of the parish. (doc.) His wife is Mattia — the Matthea who stands godmother in 1780 as «Matthea uxor Antonij Defranceschi». (doc for both entries; the household is inf.) Their children, so far: Vittorio de Franceschi, son of Antonio (b. about 1758) and Franca de Franceschi (b. 1769) (b. 8 December 1769). A second daughter, and she was a twin. On 21 January 1776 the register has «Dom[enic]a filia legit[i]ma et natu[rali]s D[omi]ni Antonij Defranceschi, Matthæque ejus [conjugis], nata gemina* hac nocte elapsa»* — magnified. Domenica de Franceschi (b. 1776) joins Franca (1769) and Vittorio (c. 1758) as his children. The twin has not been found. (doc.) A fifth child, found in somebody else's baptism. Frame 112, 18 January 1786: «Patrini fuere Matthaeus Doblanovich, et Maria filia Antonii de Franceschi». Magnified. Maria de Franceschi, daughter of Antonio joins Vittorio, Franca, Domenica and Domenico. Her own baptism has not been found, and no birth year is inferred for her. (doc for the daughter; her age is open.) His children now stand at the font in his place. By 1785–86 it is Vittorio, Vittorio's wife Euphemia, and Maria whose names fill the godparent line — the same office Antonio himself held through the 1770s. And he is still alive in 1788. Frame 123, 12 October 1788: «Patrini fuere Antonivs Defranceschi, et Helena uxor Dni Benedicti Fiorencij» — godfather to Martinus, son of Joannes and Catharina Xivolich. Magnified. He was last seen in person on 10 September 1783. This adds five years. If he was born about 1730 — which his son's age in 1773 requires — he is about fifty-eight here. (doc for the entry.) The identification is inference, and narrow inference. The entry says «an Antonio Defranceschi», not «the». But the only other men of that name this archive places at the castle are his own grandson, born 1811 and not yet alive, and an Antonio of 1671 long dead. No other candidate exists in the parish in 1788. (inf.) --- 27 September 2026 — an Antonio with a different wife, sixteen years earlier, and this archive will not say whether he is this man. 14 February 1753: «patrini fuerunt, Vincentius Bergam, et Agnes uxor Antonij Defranceschi» — image 162 of the Births 1709–1764. Agnes is a name new to this parish's Defranceschi, and she appears nowhere else in this archive. Three readings, and the register does not choose between them. · A first wife of this man. He is estimated born about 1730, so twenty-three in 1753; Mattea is not attested as his wife until 1769, sixteen years later. A first marriage ending in the interval is entirely ordinary and would leave exactly this trace. · Another Antonio. The parish held an Antonio born 1704 — twice over in this roster, itself an unresolved pair — and an Antonius of 1671. Either could be «Antonij»* in 1753.* · The clerk writing the wrong husband, which this register is now proved to do: it gave Pascasia to Caspar twice in fourteen months while she was demonstrably Jacobo's wife. «Agnes uxor Antonij» is a godparent line, which is the exact kind of line that failed. No wife has been added to this man and no household built. The archive spent this week learning that a godparent line is not a marriage, and that a second wife-name is as likely to be a second man — or a slip — as a remarriage. Recorded, and left open. (doc for the entry; whose wife she was is open.) --- 28 September 2026 — a second Antonio, and this page is not him. The marriage register names «Gaspare de Franceschi q.m Ant.º ex hoc Castro»* on 13 August 1766 — film 005497886, frame 55.* That Antonio was dead by August 1766, seven years before this man begins witnessing. He now has his own page: Antonio de Franceschi of Svetvinčenat (d. by 1766). So the castle held at least two Antonios de Franceschi in the eighteenth century, and this page's six witnessings of 1773 belong to the later one. (doc for the separation — it rests on «q.m»* in 1766 against a living witness in 1773, not on an estimate of age.)* His 1773 appearances were re-read on the plate the same day, frame 64, at 2.3×: «testibus Ant.º de Franceschi* et Jo: Sain»* (25 January) and «Jo: Sain, et Victorio de Franceschi filio Antonij» (4 February). Both confirmed as published. --- 28 September 2026 — he does not stop in 1773, and three entries give him a parish office. *This page had him «named six times in ten months of 1773».* Re-reading frames 65–70 finds him well beyond that: 22 and 27 November 1773, 27 and 29 January, 3 February and 3 July 1774, and four more times between February and April 1775 — including as a witness at Fusca de Franceschi's wedding on 17 November 1773. He is a fixture at this church for at least three years, not ten months. (doc.) ⚠ And three times the clerk writes a trade after his name. «D.n Antonio Defranceschi Campanaro» (29 January 1774), «D.no Antonio Defranceschi Cap.ro» (3 February 1774), and «d'Ant.o Defranceschi Capanaro» (27 February 1775) — campanaro, the bell-ringer, and in each the word follows his surname with no other name between. It would explain everything about him — a man who is at the church anyway is the man you ask to witness — and this archive is not going to say it, because the same register calls somebody else the bell-ringer in the same years. «Zvanne Sain campanaro» appears on 11 December 1773 and again in May, June, August and twice in November 1774. Either the collegiate church had more than one, or the office changed hands twice, or the word is doing something in these three entries that is not obvious. (The appearances are doc; the office was left open* for a day — see below, where it closes.)* --- 28 September 2026, later — the office is settled, by word order. Frame 72, 25 October 1775: «…alla mia presenza del R.do Sig.r D. Giuseppe Crisanaz, e del Campanaro Antonio De Franceschi: Testimonj.» — *the title stands before* the name*, where «del Sig.r»* or «del R.do» would stand, and it cannot attach to anyone else. Read at 2.3×. (doc.) That makes five. «Antonio Defranceschi Campanaro» (29 Jan 1774), «Antonio Defranceschi Cap.ro» (3 Feb 1774), «Ant.o Defranceschi Capanaro» (27 Feb 1775), «Ant.o Defranceschi Campanaro» (19 Oct 1775), and this one. He was a bell-ringer of Svetvinčenat, and that is why the parish kept asking him to witness: he was at the church already. ⚠ And he was not the only one. «Zvanne Sain Campanaro» carries the same title on at least a dozen entries across the same years — 1773, four times in 1774, three times in 1776, and January 1777. Two men held it at once. The likeliest reason is on the same pages: this parish is a collegiate church with others around it — the register marries people at S. Vincenzo, S. Rocco, S. Germano and S. Maria Maddalena. A parish with four churches has more than one bell to ring. (inf — the register never says which church either man served.) One more appearance, no title: 19 November 1776, witness with Mattio Bergamo. He runs 1773 to 1776 on this film. And later still. He witnesses again on 22 November 1779* — «alla sua presenza, d'Ant.o Defranceschi, e di D.no Z.ne Volfe Testimonj», frame 85.* His run on this film is January 1773 to November 1779, nearly seven years, against the «six times in ten months of 1773» this page began with. --- *⚠ 28 September 2026 — he was styled «Capo», and he was alive in 1783.* Twice in six weeks the new archpriest, D. Paolo Cossaich, gives him a title, in a hand with nothing covering it: · 13 March 1783: «Vittorio figlio di Capo Antonio de Franceschi* contrasse li primi sponsali con Eufemia figlia di Mattio Bergamo»* — film 005497886, frame 93, read at 2.2×. This is also the first document to state outright that Vittorio is his son. · 28 April 1783: «…qual esposero alla mia presenza di Capo Antonio de Franceschi, di Mattio Percich q. Piero, e pur Sime Percich q. Piero» — he is a witness himself, still. (doc for both.) *⚠ «Capo»* is recorded, not translated.** The same act carries a second one — «Capo* Mattio Buzzalovich q. Zuanne da Lisignano»* — so it is a title this clerk gives to men, and it took a second construction before this archive would read it at all. What it meant at Svetvinčenat is not established here: head of a contrada, head of a household, master of a boat — the register says none of it. Both weddings touch the coast (one is celebrated at Parenzo, one witness comes from Ližnjan), which is suggestive and is not evidence. (doc for the word; its meaning is open.) ⚠ And it overturned this archive's own reading of the morning. Frame 86 had been published as «Gregorio Defranceschi q.m* Ant.o»* — of the late Antonio — from a glyph with an ink blot on it. «Capo», twice, in 1783, says otherwise, and the clerk marks his dead in the same sentences with «deff.o» and «q.». The correction is recorded. This page no longer carries a death year, inferred or otherwise. What is still certain is that the bell-rope had moved on. Through 1780, 1781 and 1782 the register names the campanaro five times and every time it is a Bratulich — Gasparo q.m Vittorio and Zorzi q.m Vittorio — and by February 1783 a Pietro Brunetti. That is consistent with this page's long-standing finding that the office moved between men, and it no longer needs a death to explain it. (doc.)
Vittorio de Franceschi (son of Antonio)	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · The first father-and-son pair of the name this archive can document at Svetvinčenat. At the wedding of Michael Sarcovich and Maria Crisman on 4 February 1773 the witnesses are entered as «Jo: Sain, et Victorio de Franceschi filio Antonij». Nothing else is said of him — no age, no trade, no wife. *What the entry is worth is the word filio:* it ties him to Antonio de Franceschi, witness 1773, who was standing witness at the same altar six other times that year. (doc.) A probable identification, left open. This archive carries a Vittorio Defranceschi, 1758–1812, the only Vittorio at the castle, known from his burial. He would have been fifteen in February 1773 — young, though «filio Antonij» is precisely how a clerk distinguishes a young man from his father. The two are not merged. (inf.) The identification is no longer open, and the evidence was in this archive's own files. `burials.json` carries: Vitorio Defranceschi, born 1758, died and buried 8 November 1812, aged 54, Svetvinčenat, kin: Antonio. The 1773 register says «filio Antonij»; the 1812 burial says kin: Antonio. Two independent records thirty-nine years apart give the same man of the same parish the same father. (doc.) A third thing points the same way. His own children are in the same file — Antonia (1804–1808), Giovanni Pietro (1809), Antonio (1811), Gioanni Maria (d. 1813). In a parish that names the first son for the paternal grandfather, a Vittorio who calls a son Antonio is a Vittorio whose father was Antonio. (inf.) His baptism has not been found, and the search is bounded. Images 171–181 of the baptism register cover 1756 to 1760 continuously and hold no Defranceschi child of any Antonio — and 1758 is inside that stretch. The volume's own index stops around 1736 and cannot help. Images 155–170 (1750–1756) and 182–196 (1761–1763) are still unread. (doc, for the negative.) He becomes a father himself. The FamilySearch index carries «Maria Matthia De Franceschi, 3 September 1784, parents Victorii De Franceschi & Euphemię» — Vittorio at twenty-six, with a wife Euphemia, and a daughter who carries his mother's name, Matthia. (index; the act has not yet been read on the page.) And he has a sister. Franca de Franceschi (b. 1769) was baptised 9 December 1769 as «figlia di D.no Ant.o De Franceschi» — eleven years his junior. (inf, on a shared father's name, parish and decade.) *A second «filius Antonij», nine years after the first.* Frame 98, 20 September 1782: «Patrini qui susceperunt fuere Victorius filius Antonii de Franceschi, et Fosca Vxor Dominici Defranceschi». Magnified. Two independent register entries, 1773 and 1782, give him the same father in the same words — and the 1812 burial's `kin: Antonio` makes three. (doc.) By 1784 he needs no father to identify him. Frame 103, 8 May 1784: «Patrini fuere Victorivs de Franceschi, et Constantia Vxor Antonij Fabri» — godfather to Helena, daughter of Matthaeus and Justina Millovan, with no filius attached. At about twenty-six he is a man the clerk names on his own account. (doc.) His wife is named on the page, not just in an index. Frame 110, 22 August 1785: «Patrini fuere Antonius Radocovich, et Evphemia Vxor Victoris de Franceschi» — magnified. Until this line, «Vittorio × Euphemia» rested entirely on the FamilySearch index of his daughter Maria Matthia's 1784 baptism. The register now says it in its own hand. (doc.) See Euphemia de Franceschi 1783. And he is on these pages constantly by the mid-1780s: godfather on 30 July 1785 («Victorivs de Franceschi, et Helena Vxor Dni Benedicti Fiornzas») and again on 13 December 1785 alongside Fosca («Victorivs de Franceschi, et Fusca Vxor Dominici de Franceschi»), both magnified. At about twenty-seven he has taken over the role his father held a decade earlier. «Victorius filius Antonii de Franceschi» — a third time, in 1787. Frame 119, 30 June 1787, godfather to Joanna daughter of Michael and Catharina Duchenez, alongside «Jacoba uxor Matthei Bergamo». Magnified. The father-and-son link now rests on four independent records spanning thirty-nine years: the marriage-witness line of 4 February 1773, the baptisms of 20 September 1782 and 30 June 1787, and the burial of 8 November 1812 with its `kin: Antonio`. (doc.) He stands at the font throughout the 1780s — 8 May 1784, 30 July and 13 December 1785, 8 March 1786, 4 May and 30 November 1787, twice in March 1788, 26 December 1788, 6 September 1789, 5 August 1790, 15 December 1790. The whole 1764–1791 volume has now been read opening by opening, and across it Vittorio is the single most frequently named man of the surname. (doc.) --- *28 September 2026 — «Vittorio Franceschi», witness, 29 April 1782.* «…qual esposero alla mia presenza, di Vittorio Franceschi, Sig.r Francesco Fabris, e molti altri» — the marriage of Zorzi Bratulich q.o Vittorio to Elena figlia del q. Franc.o Zulioni, film 005497886, frame 90, read at 2.2×. (doc for the act.) *⚠ The register drops the «De».* The new archpriest, D. Paolo Cossaich, writes the family as plain «Franceschi»* where D. Antonio Massalini had written «Defranceschi» for twenty years.* The name did not change; the clerk did — which is the single most common way a family disappears from an index. ⚠ And this page cannot say whether it is you or the elder Vittorio. The act gives no patronymic. Two men of the name were alive at the castle in these years, and the entry chooses neither. It is recorded on both pages and claimed on neither. (The act is doc; the identification is not made.) --- 28 September 2026 — his wedding, and his father's title. 13 March 1783: «Vittorio figlio di Capo Antonio de Franceschi contrasse li primi sponsali con Eufemia figlia di Mattio Bergamo ambi di questa Parrocchia … dispensati dalla solita trina Publicazione, e dal tempo corrente feriato … furono interrogati da me sottoscritto nella Chiesa della B.V. degli Angioli di Parenzo … alla mia presenza, e di Capo Mattio Buzzalovich q. Zuanne da Lisignano, e di Zuanne q. Zuanne Fabretti da Parenzo.» — film 005497886, frame 93, read at 2.2×. (doc.) Four things this act settles. · It names his father outright — «figlio di Capo Antonio de Franceschi». Until now this page's «son of Antonio» rested on the 1784 baptism; here the marriage says it. · It names his wife's family: Eufemia is a Bergamo, daughter of Mattio Bergamo. ⚠ And the two houses already knew each other: a «D.no Mattio Bergamo»* stood witness at Antonia Defranceschi's wedding on 7 January 1779, four years before this one.* (The witnessing is doc; that he is the same Mattio is inf.) · They did not marry at home. The act was taken in the church of the B.V. degli Angeli at Parenzo, under a dispensation from the banns and from the closed season — and the witnesses come from Parenzo and Ližnjan, not from the castle. A wedding out of the parish, in a hurry, in Lent — the register gives the dispensation and not the reason. · Their daughter follows. Maria Matthia is baptised 3 September 1784, eighteen months after. And again, 21 February 1784 — witness at the remarriage of Gio: Batta Steffanutto, «nativo della Carnia», widower of Antonia née de Franceschi; frame 96. The act gives no patronymic, so the elder Vittorio fits it equally, and it is recorded on both pages and claimed on neither. (doc for the act.)
Fusca de Franceschi	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · Married Marc'Antonio Jacomini at Svetvinčenat on 17 October 1773, and in doing so gave this archive its first pair of siblings of the name at the castle-town. > «Mar[c]-Antonius Jacomini filius Andreae … et Fusca filia q. Mathiae de Franceschi Parochiana huius Ecclesiae, dispensatis a denunciationibus, per verba de presenti … per me D. Michaele Luciani ex commissione Parochi, addita B[enedictio]ne, Testes D. Antonius de Franceschi, ac Mathias Santalera.» *Seven years earlier, in the same register, Elena married as «figlia di q. Mattio de Franceschi».* Same dead father, same parish. Fusca and Elena de Franceschi Sandalezza are sisters — the joining is inference, but it would take two dead Mattios de Franceschi in one small parish to break it. (doc for the marriage; inf for the sisterhood.) Antonio the bell-ringer stands witness at her wedding, which is the closest thing the register offers to a link between the two households of the name. It is not a statement of kinship and is not treated as one. See Antonio de Franceschi, witness 1773 and Mattio de Franceschi.
Domenico Defranceschi (witness 1777)	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · Twice in one day, 29 November 1777, and standing exactly where Antonio used to stand. The Svetvinčenat marriage register closes two weddings that day with «alla presenza mia di Simon Manzoni e Dom.co Defranceschi» and «presenza di Dom.co Defranceschi* e di Simon Manzoni»* — the same Simon Manzoni who had partnered Antonio de Franceschi, witness 1773 at the altar in 1775. Antonio is not named in the register again after 1775; Domenico appears in 1777. That is a handover in shape, and nothing more — the entries state no relationship and give Domenico no age, trade or father. (doc for the appearances; the succession is inf.) Not merged with anyone. The archive already carries Domenico Gasparo De Franceschi, baptised 9 August 1732 at Svetvinčenat, and a Dominicus heading a household in the 1780 baptisms. Either could be this man. (inf.) He finally appears under his own name in the baptism register, with the honorific. Frame 106, 13 October 1784: «Patrini fuere Dnvs Dominicvs de Franceschi, et Maria q.m Defuncti Antonii Bergamo» — godfather to Catharina, daughter of Michael and Maria Zursnich. Magnified. Until this entry he existed in the baptisms only as somebody's husband — «Dominicus … et Fosca uxor ejus», «Fusca uxor Dominici». Here he stands at the font himself, styled *Dnvs, the same courtesy the register gives Antonio de Franceschi, witness 1773 and withholds from most of the parish. He is a householder of that rank. (doc.)* One candidate can now be struck off. Antonio's son Domenico de Franceschi (b. 1777) was born 25 December 1777. He is five years old when Fosca is already being entered as «uxor Dominici Defranceschi» in September 1782, and not yet seven when this Domenico stands godfather in October 1784. The two are different men and must never be merged. The remaining candidates are unchanged: Domenico Gasparo, baptised 9 August 1732, or a Dominicus this archive has not yet placed. (doc for the elimination; the identification stays open.)
Antonia de Franceschi (b. 1759)	1759	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · The first Defranceschi child this archive has read out of the Svetvinčenat baptism register for the eighteenth century — and the record that finally gives a wife of the name a forename. > «Die 7 9bris [1759]. Antonia filia legitima Jacobi de Franceschi et Paschasiæ eius legitimæ uxoris, amborum ex hac Parochia, nata die 5 currentis, Baptizata est (de licentia Œconomi) … Patrini fuerunt ad Sacrum Fontem Gregorius Doblanovich, et Boneta Uxor Benedicti Fiorencis.» — carta 162. Born 5 November 1759, baptised on the 7th, to Giacomo de Franceschi and Paschasia — Pasqua — both of the parish. (doc.) Whose Giacomo he is, is open. A Jacobus Defranceschi stands godfather in the same register on 6 August 1758, and a Giacomo who died before November 1771 is known from the marriage register. They may be one man; nothing read so far distinguishes them. (inf.) See Giacomo de Franceschi d. Bef 1771. She is the youngest of four, not an only child. The same couple — Giacomo de Franceschi and Pascasia — appear as parents four times in this register: a child baptised 25 March 1750 whose forename sits in smeared ink and would not resolve; Giacomo Battista de Franceschi (b. 1753), born 19 August 1753; Giovanni de Franceschi (b. 1756), baptised 10 January 1756; and Antonia herself in November 1759. It is the first household of the name at Svetvinčenat this archive can follow across a decade. (doc.)
Giacomo Battista de Franceschi (b. 1753)	1753	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · Born 19 August 1753, baptised on the 21st, the second recorded child of Giacomo de Franceschi and Pascasia. > «Die 21. Augusti 1753. Jaco[bus] Baptista filius legitimus Jacobi Defranceschi, et Pascasia eius legitima uxoris, amborum ex hac Parochia, nato die 19 currentis (de licentia mei infrascripti) baptizatus est, a R.do Michaele Dobranovich. Patrini fuere: Nicolao Rusof, et … uxor Caspari Defranceschi.» — carta 145. Read at full magnification, letter by letter. (doc.) He may be the man who married in 1772. The parish marriage register has «Giacobus filius Giacobi de Franceschi» marrying Nicolina Teserati on 10 June 1772; this child would have been eighteen. His father is «q. Jacobi» — already dead — by November 1771, which fits as well. But a forename and a plausible age is not an identification, and the register itself shows a second, older «Jacobus filius Jacobi Defranceschi» standing godfather in May 1754, so the forename was already doubled at the castle. Not merged. (inf.) See Giacomo de Franceschi M 1772 and Antonia de Franceschi (b. 1759).
Giovanni de Franceschi (b. 1756)	1756	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · Baptised 10 January 1756, the third recorded child of Giacomo de Franceschi and Pascasia. > «Die 10. Januarij 1756. Joannes filius legitimus Jacobi Defranceschi, et Pascasia eius legitimae uxoris, amborum ex hac Parochia … baptizatus est, a R.do D.no Petro Fabris Can.co.» — carta 152. Magnified and confirmed. Nothing else of him has been found: no marriage, no burial, no later mention. (doc.) His brother and sister are Giacomo Battista de Franceschi (b. 1753) and Antonia de Franceschi (b. 1759).
Antonia De Franceschi (b. 1721)	1721	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	undefined · *«Antonia fig.a di Gio Batta Defranceschi, 1 7bre 1721»* — from the A page of the baptism volume's own alphabetical index, read 21 September 2026 and magnified. (doc, for the index line.) She is a fourth child for a household this archive already had. The same index gives Gio Batta Defranceschi and Anzoletta three children — Gasparo (10 August 1718), Cattarina (10 February 1728) and Battistina (23 December 1731). Antonia of 1 September 1721 sits between the first two. (inf, on the strength of the father's name and the parish.) Her own act has not been opened. The index line carries no carta reference that this reading could make out, and this archive has learned not to trust the ones it can — of the four carta references checked from this index, one was a wrong carta, one a wrong month and one had nothing behind it. Find her by date, not by page.
Andrea De Franceschi (b. 1726)	1726	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	undefined · *«Andrea fig.o di Giacomo Defranceschi, 5 marzo 1726 — c. 59»* — from the A page of the baptism volume's index, magnified and read. (doc, for the index line; carta 59 has not been opened.) He matters out of proportion to what is known about him. A son of a Giacomo born in 1726 is a generation earlier than the children of Giacomo de Franceschi d. Bef 1771 and Pascasia, whose first recorded child is of 1750. That is the independent support for there having been two Giacomo de Franceschi at Svetvinčenat, father and son — which is why the man who married Nicolina Teserati in June 1772 is not merged with the Giacomo Battista de Franceschi (b. 1753) baptised in 1753. (inf.) Nothing else of Andrea has been found.
Franca De Franceschi (b. 1769)	1769	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · Born 8 December 1769, baptised on the 9th — and hers is the record that finally puts Antonio de Franceschi in this parish as a householder rather than a witness. > «9 Xbre 1769. Fran.ca figlia di D.no Ant.o De Franceschi* e Donna Mattia … nata li 8 corrente … Battezata … dal D. Ant.o Can.co Stancovich de L.P.»* — baptisms 1764–1791, waypoint 31, carta 26. The father's name and the date were magnified and read letter by letter. *Her father is styled D.no* — Dominus, Signor** — which this register does not hand out freely. (doc.) Her mother is the woman named again eleven years later: the entry of 1 May 1780 has «Matthea uxor Antonij Defranceschi» standing godmother. (doc for both; that they are one household is inf.) She is Vittorio de Franceschi, son of Antonio's sister — eleven years younger, on the strength of their sharing a father's name, a parish and a decade. (inf.) The FamilySearch index records her independently, as «Franca De Franceschi, 8 Dec 1769, parents Ano De Franceschi & Mattia».
Domenica de Franceschi (b. 1776)	1776	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · Baptised 21 January 1776, and born a twin — the second documented child of Antonio de Franceschi and Mattea. > «Ano D[o]ni 1776 die 21 Januarij S. Vincenty. Dom[enic]a filia legit[i]ma et natu[rali]s D[omi]ni Antonij Defranceschi, Matthæque ejus [conjugis], nata gemina hac nocte elapsa. Baptizata a me Archip[res]b[yter]um Antonium Massalini.» — baptisms 1764–1791, waypoint 58. Magnified and read letter by letter. The word *gemina* — twin — is interlineated above the line, and her father is styled D.ni, Dominus, exactly as in Franca de Franceschi (b. 1769)'s entry seven years earlier. (doc.) Her twin has not been found. The entry names only her; the sibling should be in the same or the following entry and has not yet been located. (open.) She is a sister of Franca de Franceschi (b. 1769) and of Vittorio de Franceschi, son of Antonio.
Euphemia de Franceschi (1783)	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · Two Defranceschi at one font, and the clerk says so in a single word. Frame 101 of the Svetvinčenat baptism register, 10 September 1783: «Patrini fuere Antonivs de Franceschi, et Evphemia pariter de Franceschi». Magnified. *Pariter* means likewise — the priest is saying the second godparent carries the same surname as the first. It is the only entry in this volume where two of the name stand together. (doc.) She is almost certainly Vittorio's wife. The FamilySearch index carries «Maria Matthia De Franceschi, 3 September 1784, parents Victorii De Franceschi & Euphemię» — a Euphemia married into the name, in this parish, in this exact year. If so, this entry is Antonio standing beside his own daughter-in-law. (inf — a forename and a parish, no more. She could equally be a Defranceschi daughter, in which case «pariter»* means sister or aunt and not wife.)* The two are not merged. See Antonio de Franceschi, witness 1773 and Vittorio de Franceschi, son of Antonio. And two years later the register says outright whose wife she is. Frame 110, 22 August 1785: «Patrini fuere Antonius Radocovich, et Evphemia Vxor Victoris de Franceschi». Magnified. That moves the marriage off the index and onto the page. «Vittorio × Euphemia» had rested on a single FamilySearch index line — the 1784 baptism of Maria Matthia, «parents Victorii De Franceschi & Euphemię». Here the parish clerk writes it himself. (doc.) So the «pariter» entry of 10 September 1783 is Antonio standing at the font beside his own daughter-in-law — the same two people, two years apart, in the same book. (inf, but now a strong one: the alternative requires two Euphemias married into one small parish's one small family.) The caution has not gone away. The same volume carries «Euphemia Vxor Matthei Bullesich» on frame 112, four entries from our own. Euphemia, like Fosca, is a common forename here. Only the full «uxor Victoris de Franceschi» form identifies her. Seven more, in the full form, down to 1791. Reading the volume to its last leaf turned her into the most frequently named woman of this surname in the register: date · frame 24 January 1787 · 116 · «Pelagius Cossa, et Euphemia uxor Victorii de Franceschi» 13 February 1787 · 116 · «Georgius Xivolich et Camilla Simini, et Euphemia uxor Victorii de Franceschi» — magnified 16 February 1787 · 116 · «Matthaeus Bergamo, et Euphemia uxor Victorii de Franceschi» 25 February 1787 · 116 · «Antonius Xudic, et Euphemia uxor Victorii de Franceschi» — magnified 15 January 1791 · 129 · «Michael Doblanovich, et Euphemia uxor Victorii Defranceschi ambo ex hac Parochia» — magnified Every one of them names her husband in full. That is what makes them safe: the same volume carries a second Euphemia — «Euphemia uxor Matthei Bullesich» — and the full form is the only thing that separates them. (doc.) The 15 January 1791 entry is the family's last appearance in this volume, whose register closes on 28 May 1791. --- 28 September 2026 — the marriage act has now been read, and it fits. 13 March 1783, frame 93: «Vittorio figlio di Capo Antonio de Franceschi contrasse li primi sponsali con Eufemia figlia di Mattio Bergamo» — six months before this baptism. (doc.) That is the strongest form the identification has taken. When this page was written, «Euphemia, wife of Vittorio» rested on a FamilySearch index line; then the 1785 font called her «Vxor Victoris» outright; now a marriage act dates the union and names her father. It also explains the «pariter» — she is a de Franceschi by marriage, not by birth, which is exactly what a clerk means by «likewise»* when a wife stands beside her father-in-law.* See Eufemia Bergamo — the page the family tree already carried for her, empty until today. The two are cross-linked and not merged. (inf, and now a strong one.)
Maria de Franceschi (daughter of Antonio)	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · *«Maria filia Antonii de Franceschi»* — and until this line she was in none of this archive's files. Frame 112 of the Svetvinčenat baptism register, 18 January 1786: > «Antonius filius legitimus ac naturalis Thomae, et Catharinae jugalium Bercan natus heri, hodie per R[everen]dum Joannem Donicca sacro Ablutus Fonte. Patrini fuere Matthaeus Doblanovich, et Maria filia Antonii de Franceschi.» Magnified. She is a daughter of Antonio de Franceschi, witness 1773 — a fifth child beside Vittorio (about 1758), Franca de Franceschi (b. 1769) (1769), Domenica de Franceschi (b. 1776) (1776) and Domenico de Franceschi (b. 1777) (1777). (doc.) Her baptism is not where it ought to be, and that is worth saying plainly. A girl standing godmother in January 1786 is old enough to be asked — in this parish that is rarely under fifteen, which would put her birth at or before about 1771. Frames 5 to 60 of this volume cover 1764 to 1775 and have been read opening by opening. No Maria of Antonio appears in them. Two possibilities, and this archive does not choose between them: - She was born before 1764, in the previous volume — of which images 1–154 are still unread. - The sweep missed her. No birth year is recorded for her here. An age inferred from a godmother's minimum age is a guess dressed as arithmetic, and this page will not carry one. (open.) A second entry, twenty months later, and this one says where she belongs. Frame 120, 30 September 1787: > «Patrini fuere Simon Melina ex Parochia Dimini, et Maria filia Antonii de Franceschi ex hac Parochia.» Magnified. The clerk marks the other godparent as being from Dvigrad and hers as of this parish — she is a Svetvinčenat woman, not a visitor. It also confirms the January 1786 reading independently, in a different entry, in the same hand. (doc.)
Domenico de Franceschi (b. 1777)	1777	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · Born 25 December 1777, baptised 2 January 1778 — the fourth documented child of Antonio de Franceschi, witness 1773 and Mattea. > «Dom[ini]cus filius leg[iti]mus Antonij Defranceschi, Matthiae ejus uxoris, natus die 25 elapsi mensis* [Xbris]. Baptizatus per eundem R.dum D.num Petrum Can.um Fabris…»* — baptisms 1764–1791, frame 70. Magnified and read letter by letter. (doc.) He must never be merged with the adult Domenico of the same parish. A grown «Dominicus Defranceschi» stands godfather in 1775 and witnesses marriages in 1777 — before and around this child's birth — and by 1782 has a wife, Fosca. This Domenico is five years old in 1782. Two men of the name are alive at the castle at once. See Domenico Defranceschi, witness 1777. His sisters and brother: Franca de Franceschi (b. 1769), Domenica de Franceschi (b. 1776), Maria de Franceschi, daughter of Antonio and Vittorio de Franceschi, son of Antonio.
Giovanni de Franceschi (b. 1778)	1778	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · Born and baptised 3 March 1778 — the second child of the marriage of 10 June 1772. > «Anno Dni 1778 die 3tio Martij. Joannes filius leg[itim]us Jacobi Defranceschi et Nicolae ejus uxoris, natus heri die. Baptizatus per me Archip.m [Massalini].» — baptisms 1764–1791, frame 71. Magnified. (doc.) His sister is Pasqua Vittoria, born 16 December 1773. Their parents are Giacomo de Franceschi and Nicolina Teserati, married at Svetvinčenat on 10 June 1772 — the one household at this parish that this archive can join to its own wedding from two read acts. One thing on this page is unfinished. The godfather reads «Andreas De…» at spread scale. If that is Andreas Defranceschi it is an adult of the name this archive has not otherwise placed. It has not been magnified, and no Andrea is recorded on the strength of it. (open.)
Albina Cincopan (Defranceschi)	—	—	Gračišće	undefined	Read off the register · Rotilio's wife, and the woman this archive had argued out of existence. The Trieste marriage proclamation of 28 April 1928 names her in full: «Cincopan Albina, nubile, di professione casalinga, nata a Gallignana, residente in Gallignana, di età maggiore, figlia di Giuseppe, di professione agricoltore, residente in Gallignana, e di Trompich Maria, di professione casalinga, residente in Gallignana». She married Rotilio Defranceschi — born Gallignana 3 November 1902, chauffeur — and the Gračišće register gives the wedding as 16 May 1928. The banns ran at Trieste as well as Pisino, «ove la sposa ha avuto la residenza» — because she had lived at Trieste. (doc.) This page exists because the archive was wrong about her. It had published that the 2012 reunion album confused her with Rotilio's sister Albina, who married a Frank Chinkopan at Brooklyn. Both marriages are real; Cincopan and Chinkopan are one surname. See /corrections/. David's tree carries her as *«Albine Chinkopan, born Italy, died Buenos Aires». The birth and the marriage are now documented; Buenos Aires is not*, and no Argentine record of either of them has been found.
Giuseppe Cincopan	—	—	Gračišće	undefined	Read off the register · Named as the bride's father in the Trieste marriage proclamation of 28 April 1928: «figlia di Giuseppe, di professione agricoltore, residente in Gallignana» — a farmer of Gračišće, alive in April 1928. Father of Albina Cincopan Defranceschi. (doc.)
Maria Trompich or Fumpich (Cincopan)	—	—	Gračišće	undefined	Read off the register · Named as the bride's mother, and the two surviving copies of the act do not agree on her surname. The marriage of Rotilio Defranceschi and Albina Cincopan was requested by the Comune di Pisino and published at Trieste in April 1928. Both the request and the Trieste transcription of it survive, and they give her differently: copy · reads Trieste, Marriage Proclamation Records 1928 · «e di Trompich Maria, di professione casalinga» Pisino request no. 46, in the Trieste banns supplements · «e di Fumpich Maria* o di professione casa Linga»* Same act, same clerk's hand copied twice, one letter apart. This archive does not choose between them. Trompich is a known Istrian surname and Fumpich is not one this archive has met, which is a reason to lean and not a reason to decide — and both readings come from AI-generated transcripts of handwriting, so the error could be the machine's rather than the clerk's. The plate itself has not been magnified. (open — and cheap to settle, since both images are online.) She was alive at Gallignana in April 1928, a casalinga, wife of Giuseppe Cincopan the farmer and mother of Albina Cincopan Defranceschi.
Valentin Defranceschi (navy)	—	—	—	No place	Austrian State Archives · *A naval officer's or official's Qualifikationsliste, filed under the surname alone.* Rank given as Administrations-Assistent. This is the file the Kriegsarchiv offered to look for in 2026 for a EUR 45 search fee, when its own catalogue already names it to the item. (doc for the file; nothing yet ties him to a household here.) Catalogued at AT-OeStA/KA Marine NMA PA Offiziere und Beamte Akten QL 944 · ÖStA catalogue. Public, no permission required. The file itself has not been ordered.
Francesco Franceschi (naval chaplain)	—	—	—	No place	Austrian State Archives · Reserve chaplain of the Austro-Hungarian navy — Res.Kaplan — with his own Qualifikationsliste. New to this archive. (doc for the file.) Catalogued at AT-OeStA/KA Marine NMA PA Offiziere und Beamte Akten QL 1390 · ÖStA catalogue. Public, no permission required. The file itself has not been ordered.
Walter Franceschi (Seekadett)	—	—	—	No place	Austrian State Archives · A naval cadet, filed immediately after the chaplain. The forename is German and the file is an officer's, so he is a later man than most of this list. New to this archive. (doc for the file.) Catalogued at AT-OeStA/KA Marine NMA PA Offiziere und Beamte Akten QL 1391 · ÖStA catalogue. Public, no permission required. The file itself has not been ordered.
Josef Franceschi (corporal, of Omis)	—	—	Omiš	Venice	Austrian State Archives · Born at Almissa, Dalmatia — which is Omiš, one of this archive's six lines — and serving as a Korporal in the imperial navy. New to this archive, and the first man it holds who is documented as born at Omiš by a state record rather than a parish index. (doc for birthplace and rank; no parents given.) Catalogued at AT-OeStA/KA Marine NMA Pers VerEv KL-GagoRangkl 725 · ÖStA catalogue. Public, no permission required. The file itself has not been ordered.
Johann Defranceschi (of Gallignana, b. 1833)	1833	—	Gračišće	Not placed	Austrian State Archives · Born 1833 at Gallignana — which is Gračišće, the Istrian parish this family comes out of. Three separate naval files, and the rank moves across them: *Marinediener 4. Klasse* on one, *1. Klasse* on the other two, so a career is legible from the catalogue alone. The three files spell his birthplace three different ways — Gallignano, Istrien · Gallignana, Küstenland · Gallignana, Istrien, Illyrien — one man, one village, three clerks. Also VerEv Kdi 219 and VerEv KL-Mardi 76. He is in no Croatian index and Gračišće is not on film; the route to his baptism is a named request to the state archive at Pazin. (doc for birth year, birthplace and rank; unattached to any household here.) Catalogued at AT-OeStA/KA Marine NMA Pers OffBea Akten MGBBl 2651 · ÖStA catalogue. Public, no permission required. The file itself has not been ordered.
Peter Defranceschi (Ritterkreuz, 1918)	—	—	—	No place	Austrian State Archives · Decorated in 1918 — Ritterkreuz, Kriegsdekoration mit Schwert — on the Ordenskanzlei's card index, business number 1732/1918. The card only; the act sits under the Ordenskanzlei files for that year. (doc for the award. A Peter Defranceschi* already stands on this roster from the family tree with no dates at all; the two are not joined here, because nothing but a forename connects them.)* Catalogued at AT-OeStA/HHStA HA OrdK Kartei 3-168. Public, no permission required. The file itself has not been ordered.
Carl Dragutin Defranceschi	1883	—	Zadar	Venice	Austrian State Archives · Born 29 July 1883 at Zara, judge at the district court of Šibenik — personnel file 1909–1918, with a Prospetto dello stato personale, a periodic qualification table and an assessment. An Italian and a Croatian forename on one man in one Austrian file, which is this archive's whole thesis in miniature. (doc for birth date, birthplace and post.) Catalogued at AT-OeStA/AVA Justiz JM Präs. A 134.22 · ÖStA catalogue. Public, no permission required. The file itself has not been ordered.
Giovanni Pietro de Franceschi	—	—	Rovinj	Not placed	Austrian State Archives · *Born at Rovigno — Rovinj — and serving as Bezirksgerichtsadjunkt* at Pola*, with a Personalstandesausweis* running 1876–1881. The birthplace is new: the file was found in 2026 but only its signature was kept, and the catalogue had the town all along. (doc for birthplace and post.) Catalogued at AT-OeStA/AVA Justiz JM Präs. A 140.14 · ÖStA catalogue. Public, no permission required. The file itself has not been ordered.
Antonio Franceschi (Dalmatian courts, 1843)	—	—	—	No place	Austrian State Archives · A file of 1843 in the Austrian justice administration's Dalmatian personnel series, filed beside Pietro of Almissa. (doc for the file; no birthplace given in the catalogue.) Catalogued at AT-OeStA/AVA Justiz OJSt JS DS 80.3.4 · ÖStA catalogue. Public, no permission required. The file itself has not been ordered.
Pietro Franceschi (Almissa, 1828)	—	—	Omiš	Venice	Austrian State Archives · «Franceschi, Pietro, Praktikantenstelle in Almissa», 1828–1843 — a man asking for a trainee's post in the court at Omiš, and a file that stays open for fifteen years. He does not stand alone. This roster already carries an Antonio Franceschi born 1801 and buried at Almissa in 1877, and another born 1818 and buried there in 1888, both off the FamilySearch index — and the ÖStA now adds Josef, born at Almissa, a corporal in the navy. The Omiš cluster is documented from two directions at once. (doc for the file; no kinship claimed between the four.) Catalogued at AT-OeStA/AVA Justiz OJSt JS DS 83.1.14 · ÖStA catalogue. Public, no permission required. The file itself has not been ordered.
Vicenzo Defranceschi	—	—	—	No place	Austrian State Archives · A personnel file of 1847 in the Hofkammer's cash-office series. One of nine men of the name in the imperial accounting service. (doc for the file.) Catalogued at AT-OeStA/FHKA SuS Pers Kassa 46 · ÖStA catalogue. Public, no permission required. The file itself has not been ordered.
Filippo Franceschi	—	—	—	No place	Austrian State Archives · A personnel file of 1828 in the Hofkammer's cash-office series. New to this archive — the 2026 sweep counted four Habsburg accountants of the name and there are nine. (doc for the file.) Catalogued at AT-OeStA/FHKA SuS Pers Kassa 75 · ÖStA catalogue. Public, no permission required. The file itself has not been ordered.
Anton Defranceschi	—	—	Zadar	No place	Austrian State Archives · Served in the Dalmatinische Provinzial-Staatsbuchhaltung in Zara — the provincial accounting office at Zadar. (doc for the posting. The place here is where he worked, not where he was born; the catalogue gives no birthplace.) Catalogued at AT-OeStA/FHKA SuS Pers ORH 3412 · ÖStA catalogue. Public, no permission required. The file itself has not been ordered.
Johann Baptist Defranceschi	—	—	Venice	No place	Austrian State Archives · Served in the Zentralstaatsbuchhaltung in Venedig — the central accounting office at Venice. (doc for the posting; the place is the office, not a birthplace.) Catalogued at AT-OeStA/FHKA SuS Pers ORH 3777 · ÖStA catalogue. Public, no permission required. The file itself has not been ordered.
Valentin Defranceschi (Venice accounts)	—	—	Venice	No place	Austrian State Archives · *Served in the Zentralstaatsbuchhaltung in Venedig.* Filed next to Johann Baptist, which is how two men land in one office and one carton. *He is not the naval Administrations-Assistent* of QL 944** — different service, different century — and the two are kept apart here deliberately. (doc for the posting.) Catalogued at AT-OeStA/FHKA SuS Pers ORH 3778 · ÖStA catalogue. Public, no permission required. The file itself has not been ordered.
Johann Franceschi (Zara accounts)	—	—	Zadar	No place	Austrian State Archives · *Served in the Dalmatinische Provinzial-Staatsbuchhaltung in Zara.* New to this archive. (doc for the posting; the place is the office.) Catalogued at AT-OeStA/FHKA SuS Pers ORH 4292 · ÖStA catalogue. Public, no permission required. The file itself has not been ordered.
Nikolaus Franceschi	—	—	Venice	No place	Austrian State Archives · *Served in the Zentralstaatsbuchhaltung in Venedig.* New to this archive. (doc for the posting.) Catalogued at AT-OeStA/FHKA SuS Pers ORH 4474 · ÖStA catalogue. Public, no permission required. The file itself has not been ordered.
Antonio Franceschi (Venice accounts)	—	—	Venice	No place	Austrian State Archives · *Served in the Zentralstaatsbuchhaltung in Venedig.* New to this archive. (doc for the posting.) Catalogued at AT-OeStA/FHKA SuS Pers ORH 4522 · ÖStA catalogue. Public, no permission required. The file itself has not been ordered.
Luigi Franceschi	—	—	Venice	No place	Austrian State Archives · *Served in the Zentralstaatsbuchhaltung in Venedig.* New to this archive — and with Johann Baptist, Valentin, Nikolaus and Antonio he makes five of the name in one accounting office. (doc for the posting.) Catalogued at AT-OeStA/FHKA SuS Pers ORH 4523 · ÖStA catalogue. Public, no permission required. The file itself has not been ordered.
Oskar Franceschi	1900	—	—	No place	Austrian State Archives · Born 25 September 1900, with a Wehrstammbuch in the German Wehrmacht records held at Vienna, 1938–1945. New to this archive, and the latest-dated man the ÖStA catalogue gives of this name. (doc for the birth date; nothing places him.) Catalogued at AT-OeStA/AdR MilEv WStB Franceschi Oskar · ÖStA catalogue. Public, no permission required. The file itself has not been ordered.
Irena di Matteo Defranceschi (1752)	1752	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · «Irena filia legitima Matthæi Defranceschi, et Francisca ejus legitimæ uxoris ambo ex hac Parochia, nata die 11 currentis» — born 11 February, baptised 15 February 1752 at Svetvinčenat, by the Rev. Michael Cassanovich. Her godparents are Zorzi (?) Lanich and Maria, wife of Joannes Valentich. Film 005497885, image 161 — Births (Rođeni) 1709–1764 of Svetvinčenat, read on the plate 22 September 2026. In no index anywhere; it sits inside the fifteen-year hole 1738–1752 that neither the index nor any reading had touched. (doc.) --- 28 September 2026 — her entry became a control, and her family moved around her. Her own act settled someone else's. The «Francisca» in her baptism is written with the clerk's tall crossed F and narrow minims; set beside «Pascasia» at 7× the two share not one letterform. That is what proved the mother of Casparus 1743 was not Francisca — see /corrections/. Her father was dead by 9 February 1766, when her sister Helena married Mattio Santalezza of the Albona territory and the register called him «q.m Mattio de Franceschi». Irena was fourteen. Her own marriage, if it is in this volume, has not yet been reached — the sweep stands at 1767. Her mother now has a page: Francisca de Franceschi, wife of Matteo.
Matteo Defranceschi (of Svetvinčenat, fl. 1752)	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · A householder of the name at the castle, named on his daughter's baptism of 15 February 1752 — «Matthæi Defranceschi, et Francisca ejus legitimæ uxoris ambo ex hac Parochia»: both of them of this parish, so the wife is local too and he is not an incomer. A man with a child in 1752 was born about 1720, give or take a decade. (inf for the birth estimate; doc for the appearance.) Film 005497885, image 161 — Births (Rođeni) 1709–1764 of Svetvinčenat, read on the plate 22 September 2026. In no index anywhere; it sits inside the fifteen-year hole 1738–1752 that neither the index nor any reading had touched. --- 28 September 2026 — his death is now bracketed, from his daughter's wedding. 9 February 1766 the marriage register calls him *«q.m Mattio de Franceschi»* — quondam, the late — when his daughter Elena marries Mattio Santalezza of Albona. Film 005497886, frame 53. So he died between 17 December 1752, when «Francisca uxor Jacobi» and he are both still in the register's present tense, and 9 February 1766. (doc for the styling; the bracket is only as tight as the two attestations make it.) His widow is not named in the act, which is the parish's habit — a bride's mother goes unmentioned even when she is alive and standing there. His wife now has a page of her own: Francisca de Franceschi, wife of Matteo (fl. 1741–1752) — and it was her* name, written plainly in Irena's entry, that proved the mother of Casparus 1743 was somebody else.* 28 September 2026 — a third daughter, found in the marriage register. «Fusca filia q. Mathiæ de Franceschi, Parochiana hujus Ecclesiæ» marries Marc'Antonio Jacomini of Parenzo on 17 November 1773, and among the witnesses is Mathias Santalezza — the surname his daughter Helena married into in 1766. So the household had at least three daughters: Helena, Irena and Fusca. He is «q.» again, as in 1766. (inf for the parentage, on the Santalezza witness and the dead father; doc for the act.) ⚠ And this page undercounted him too. It spoke of Helena and Irena. [h112] holds five children: Helena (1742), Maria (1745), Victoria (1749), Irena (1752) and now Fusca. The household file was ahead of the biography, and the biography is what a reader lands on.
Jacobo de Franceschi (of Svetvinčenat, fl. 1737–1752) — at least two men	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · The best-attested man of the name at the castle in these years, and he is nearly always somebody else's godfather. 26 December 1737 he baptises twins. «…baptizavit duos infantulos geminos natos hodie mane a Jacobo de Franceschi, et Anzola ejus legitima uxore ambobus ex hac Parochia, quibus fuit positum nomen, uni [Cesare?] alteri Antonij» — two boys born that morning, godparents Natale Zanzevich (?) and Clara, widow of Bartolomeo Braccato. In no index anywhere. And he stands at other people's fonts through the whole stretch — 27 November 1737, 12 January 1738, 16 February 1738 — which is what a settled householder does. By 1752 his wife has a different name. Twice that year the register writes the godmother as his wife: «Franca Marcario uxor Jacobi Defranceschi» on 26 March and «Francisca uxor Jacobi Defranceschi» on 17 December. And within ten months the register gives him three different wives. Anzola at the twins' baptism, 26 December 1737; «Agata* uxor Jacobi de Franceschi»* on 10 August 1738; «Jacoba* uxor Jacobi de Franceschi»* on 7 September 1738; and then «Angela* uxor Jacobi Defranceschi»* on 1 March 1739 — Angela is Anzola, so she is alive on both sides of the other two. One man cannot have had three wives in those ten months, which leaves two possibilities and this archive prefers neither: either more than one Jacobo de Franceschi was living in the parish at once, or the godparent formula is not reliable about husbands' forenames — and there is a reason to suspect the second, because Jacoba is named six weeks earlier as the wife of Pietro, and a clerk writing «Jacoba uxor Jacobi» may simply have been pulled by her own name. (See the method note.) By 1752 the wife is Francisca Marcario. Whether that is a remarriage or a second man is the same unanswered question, fifteen years later. (doc for every appearance; the identity across 1737 and 1752 is inf and flagged.) Film 005497885, images 115–117 — Births 1709–1764 of Svetvinčenat, read on the plate 22 September 2026. --- 23 September 2026 — a second baptism, and then a withdrawal. The baptism is real. «Casparus filius legitimus Jacobi Defranceschi, et ~~Francisca~~ ejus legitimæ uxoris, amborum ex hac Parochia» — *⚠ the mother's name in this quotation is wrong; she is Pascasia, re-read 28 September 2026, see below and /corrections/* — born 1 June 1743 — Casparus di Jacobo Defranceschi 1743. (doc.) ⚠ What this archive published on the strength of it, for about an hour, was wrong. It said the Jacobo of 1737 and the Jacobo of 1752 were one man who remarried — Anzola dying after 1739, Francisca from 1743 — and that the two women's dates did not overlap. They do overlap, with a third woman this page never consulted. The archive's own households file already carried [h107] Giacomo de Franceschi × Pascasia, four children 1750–1759, read off the same volume at images 155, 163, 169 and 179. Francisca is his wife in 1743 and twice in 1752. Pascasia is bearing his children from 1750. One man cannot have both. And h107 is not the only one. The parish holds [h108] Giacomo × Anzola (1737), [h113] Giacomo × Francisca (1743), [h107] Giacomo × Pascasia (1750–1759) and [h109] Giacomo × Nicolina Teserati (1773–1778) — besides «Domenico Gasparo, son of Giacomo» baptised in 1732. Forty-six years of one forename fathering children. That is two generations at least, and the archive cannot yet say which act belongs to which man. So the original doubt stands, restored: either more than one Jacobo de Franceschi was living in the parish at once, or the godparent formula is not reliable about husbands' forenames. The first is now the likelier of the two, and the 1738 Agata and Jacoba lines are no longer explained away — they go back to being unexplained. The failure was not a misreading. Every entry quoted on this page was read correctly. The conclusion was drawn without checking it against the households this archive had already built — the contradiction was sitting in its own files, in a volume it had already read. Recorded on /corrections/. --- 23 September 2026, an hour later — frame 135 settles it, and the answer is two men. Eight days of 1743, on one page of the register: · 1 June 1743 — «Casparus filius legitimus Jacobi Defranceschi, et Francisca* ejus legitimæ uxoris». A full baptism entry, both parents named, both «ex hac Parochia».* · 24 November 1743 — «Patrini vero fuere, Georgij Bratolich, et Pascasia uxor Jacobi Defranceschi». · 1 December 1743 — «…nec non [Franca] Mar-/:cario uxor Jacobi Defranceschi» — the surname split across the line break, and the same woman the register names «Franca Marcario uxor Jacobi Defranceschi» nine years later. Francisca Marcario brackets Pascasia by five months on one side and a week on the other. No widower remarries and is widowed again inside eight days. And each woman is attested repeatedly, over years, which is not what a slip of the pen looks like. Francisca Marcario: June 1743, December 1743, 26 March 1752, 17 December 1752. Pascasia: November 1743, and then four children to a Giacomo de Franceschi between 1750 and 1759 ([h107]). So Svetvinčenat held two contemporary men of this name, and in the last week of November 1743 both their wives stood at the same font. One is married to Francisca Marcario, the other to Pascasia. (inf, and the firmest thing this page has ever carried — two independent series of attestations that interleave rather than succeed one another.) What it does to the rest of the page. The 1738 Agata and Jacoba lines no longer need explaining away as clerical error: there was a second Jacobo for them to belong to. The archive still cannot say which man fathered the 1737 twins, or which is the Giacomo of [h109] who married Nicolina Teserati in the 1770s — but it no longer has to pretend the register was confused. It was not confused. It was describing a parish with two Jacobo de Franceschis in it, and this archive read that as one man for a day. Film 005497885, image 135 — read on the plate 23 September 2026. Image 137 adds three more appearances, all as godfather, all in 1744 — 3 March, 19 April and 1 July, the last two written «Jacobo Defranceschi» and «Jacobus Defranceschi». No wife is named at any of them, which is the only reason they add nothing to the question of how many men carried the name. (doc.) --- 23 September 2026, image 143 — the two men are now proved from baptisms, not godparent lines. 31 March 1746: «Martina Antonia filia legitima Jacobi Defranceschi, et Pascasia ejus legitima uxoris amborum ex hac Parochia, nata 28 currentis» — Martina Antonia di Jacobo Defranceschi 1746. That is the second woman named as a Jacobo's wife in a full parental entry, three years after Francisca in Casparus di Jacobo Defranceschi 1743's. Until now the case rested partly on godparent lines, which this archive has twice shown to be unreliable about husbands. It no longer does. Two baptisms, two mothers, one forename — and the godparental attestations interleave across the same years rather than succeeding one another. Jacobo × Francisca Marcario = [h113]. Jacobo × Pascasia = [h107], which begins in 1746 and not 1750. --- 27 September 2026 — a joint line settles Pascasia, and convicts the formula twice over. 29 April 1753: «patrini fuerunt, Jacobus Defranceschi, et Pascasia ejus uxor» — husband and wife in one phrase, in one hand, with no room for a clerk to attach her to the wrong man. That is the proof Pietro de Franceschi of Svetvincenat (fl. 1738) and Jacoba have, and it is now Pascasia's. Which makes two entries provably wrong, in the same register, about the same woman. «Pascasia uxor Caspari Defranceschi» on 16 December 1751 and again on 3 February 1752 — magnified. She was never Caspar's wife. Caspar's wife is Maria, named as his six times between 1744 and 1749. This is a stronger demonstration of the godparent-formula failure than the 1738 case the method note was first written about. In 1738, «Agata uxor Jacobi» and «Jacoba uxor Jacobi» could be checked against nothing — the doubt was the whole finding. Here the right answer is known independently, from three baptisms and a joint line, so the two wrong entries can be convicted rather than merely suspected. The clerk wrote the wrong husband twice, for one woman, fourteen months apart. And Francisca is still Jacobo's wife in 1753: «Francisca uxor Jacobi Defranceschi», 6 February 1753 — while Pascasia bears his children in 1746, 1747 and 1750 and is named his wife in a joint line that April. Two men, and now harder to doubt than ever. (doc for the joint line and the two Caspari entries; the separation of the men is inf.) Film 005497885, images 151–162, read on the plate 27 September 2026. --- 28 September 2026 — the 1743 evidence is re-read, and it no longer says what this page built on it. One word, magnified to 8× and checked against the clerk's own hand twice, changes all three of the 1743 lines above. 1 June 1743 is not Francisca. It is Pascasia. Set beside the same clerk's «Franciscus» on the facing leaf (carta 119v, 8 October 1743) and beside his «Pascasia» nine images on (image 143, 31 March 1746), the word on carta 119 is the 1746 word, stroke for stroke, and shares only two letters with «Franciscus». Recorded on /corrections/. So the eight days collapse. This page argued that «Francisca Marcario brackets Pascasia by five months on one side and a week on the other» and that «no widower remarries and is widowed again inside eight days». In 1743 there is one wife, not two: Pascasia in a full baptism on 1 June, Pascasia again as godmother on 24 November — and then one line, «Mar-/:cario uxor Jacobi Defranceschi», on 1 December. A lone godparent line is the weakest thing in this volume, and this page proved it twice. «Pascasia uxor Caspari* Defranceschi», 16 December 1751 and 3 February 1752 — both wrong about the husband, convicted from three baptisms and a joint line. The 1 December 1743 line is that same object, and nothing independent stands behind it.* ⚠ What this does and does not do. It does not withdraw the two men. It withdraws 1743 as the thing that settled them. The case now rests entirely on 1752–53, where nothing has been re-read and where the evidence is of a better kind: «Francisca uxor Jacobi Defranceschi» on 6 February 1753 against «Jacobus Defranceschi, et Pascasia ejus uxor» — husband and wife in one phrase, no room for a clerk to misattach her — on 29 April 1753, ten weeks later, with Pascasia bearing his children in 1746, 1747 and 1750. (inf.) And [h107] Jacobo × Pascasia now begins in 1743, not 1746 — the third start date this archive has given that household, and the first one read at magnification against a control. Film 005497885, images 134, 135 and 143, re-read on the plate 28 September 2026. --- 28 September 2026 — Pascasia is a widow by October 1765, and she remarries. 22 October 1765: «Domenico Calluzzi* q.m Pietro hà contrato il matrimonio per verba de presenti con Pasqua Ved.a q.m Giacomo de Fran-/ceschi in 2di uoti»* — film 005497886, frame 53, read at 2.5× where the surname breaks across the line. (doc.) Three things at once. · «Pasqua» is Pascasia, and the marriage register confirms her as Giacomo de Franceschi's wife — independently of the baptism volume, in a different book, by a different clerk. Until now every attestation of that marriage came from the baptisms. · Her Giacomo is dead by 22 October 1765. «q.m». This archive has never before been able to date the death of any Jacobo of this castle. · She married again, «in 2di uoti» — second vows — to Domenico Calluzzi, son of the late Pietro. She had borne Giacomo at least four children between 1743 and 1750. ⚠ And it hands the two-men question a test it never had. If the register shows a living «Giacomo de Franceschi» acting after 22 October 1765 — as godfather, witness, or father — then he cannot be Pascasia's husband, and the second man is proved by simple arithmetic rather than by interleaved wives. That is a cleaner test than anything this page has rested on, and it costs only reading forward. (The converse proves nothing: silence after 1765 is what one dead man looks like, and also what two quiet ones look like.) What it does not do is say which Giacomo died. Pascasia's husband is [h107]. Francisca Marcario's husband, if he is a different man, is untouched by this act. --- 28 September 2026 — the three women now have pages, which is the honest way to hold an unsolved question. · Anzola / Angela de Franceschi (fl. 1737–1739) — the twins' mother, alive on both sides of the 1738 confusion. · Pascasia de Franceschi, later Calluzzi (fl. 1743–1765) — four children, a joint line, and a dated widowhood. · Francisca Marcario de Franceschi (fl. 1743–1753) — four godparent lines and not one baptism, which is exactly why she is the weakest leg this page stands on. Giving each of them a page does not decide how many men there were. It stops the question being hidden inside one man's biography, and it puts the strength of each woman's evidence where a reader can weigh it. *The fourth name, «Agata»* of 10 August 1738, has no page — one godparent line and nothing else, and this archive will not make a person out of that.**
Antonio di Jacobo de Franceschi (twin, 1737)	1737	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · One of twins, born on the morning of 26 December 1737 to Jacobo de Franceschi of Svetvincenat fl. 1737 1752 and Anzola, both of the parish, and baptised the same day: «duos infantulos geminos natos hodie mane… quibus fuit positum nomen, uni [Cesare?] alteri Antonij». His twin is Gasparo de Franceschi, and the name came from this archive's own index rows, not from the plate. On the page the first of the two forenames does not read cleanly — Cesare or Gasparo — and this dossier declined to guess. *The index entry for the same act, already in this archive, reads «Casparg, of Jacobo De Franceschi and Anzola, 26 December 1737».* The plate could not resolve the word; the index could not say there were two children. Each source answers the other's gap, and neither answers it alone. *(inf for the name, doc for the twinship.) Godparents Natale Zanzevich (?) and Clara, widow of Bartolomeo Braccato. In no index anywhere. (doc for the birth and the parents.) Film 005497885, images 115–117 — Births 1709–1764 of Svetvinčenat, read on the plate 22 September 2026.
Joannes Baptista de Franceschi (of Svetvinčenat, d. by 1737)	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · *Known only from his daughter, and from the word defuncti.* On 7 October 1737 a godmother is entered as «Maria filia defuncti Joannis Baptistæ de Franceschi» — so a Giovanni Battista of the name was a householder at Svetvinčenat and was dead by the autumn of 1737. The daughter is probably already on this roster. Maria di Batta Defranceschi, born 1716, was read off a page of this same parish — Batta is Battista — and a woman of twenty-one is exactly who stands godmother in 1737. (inf, on the forename of the father and the parish; nothing else joins them yet.) A man with a grown daughter in 1737 was born about 1680, give or take fifteen years. (inf for the estimate; doc for the death bracket and the daughter.) Film 005497885, images 115–117 — Births 1709–1764 of Svetvinčenat, read on the plate 22 September 2026. --- 22 September, later — and there are two of him. On 19 April 1739 a godfather is entered as «Joannes Baptista de Franceschi, et Clara vidua defuncti Bartholomei Braccato» — alive, standing at the font, eighteen months after the other one was called defuncti. Father and son is the ordinary explanation and this archive does not claim more than that. What it does mean is plain: at Svetvinčenat in the 1730s the forename Joannes Baptista does not identify a man of this surname, any more than Jacobo does. (doc for both appearances; the relation between them is unestablished.)
Anna Euphemia di Pietro de Franceschi (1738)	1738	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · «Die 27 Julij 1738* … baptizavit unam infantulam natam 25 currentis a Petro de Franceschi, et Jacoba ejus legitima uxore ambobus ex hac Parochia, cui positum fuit nomen Anna Euphemia»* — born 25 July, baptised 27 July 1738. Her godparents are Blasius Marsoni, smith, and D.na Margarita, wife of D.nus Gabriel —. She is the third household of the name found inside the unread fifteen years, after Jacobo's twins of 1737 and Matteo's Irena of 1752. (doc.) Film 005497885, images 115–121 — Births 1709–1764 of Svetvinčenat, read on the plate 22 September 2026. In no index anywhere. 28 September 2026 — her mother now has a page: Jacoba / Giacoma de Franceschi (fl. 1738–1743).
Pietro de Franceschi (of Svetvinčenat, fl. 1738)	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · Named on his daughter's baptism of 27 July 1738 — «a Petro de Franceschi, et Jacoba* ejus legitima uxore ambobus ex hac Parochia»* — so he and his wife are both of the parish and neither is an incomer. His wife's name is the reason to be careful about this family. Six weeks later, on 7 September 1738, a godmother is entered as «Jacoba* uxor Jacobi de Franceschi». Either there are two women called Jacoba married to two men of this surname, or the clerk wrote the wrong husband's forename — pulled, perhaps, by the bride's own name.* This archive does not choose between them here. A man with a daughter in 1738 was born about 1710. (inf for the estimate; doc for the appearance.) Film 005497885, images 115–121 — Births 1709–1764 of Svetvinčenat, read on the plate 22 September 2026. In no index anywhere. 28 September 2026 — his wife now has a page of her own. Jacoba / Giacoma de Franceschi (fl. 1738–1743) — named with him in their daughter's baptism of 25 July 1738 and standing as «uxor Petri Defranceschi» at two later fonts. She is also the woman a clerk once handed to a Jacobo, which is how this parish's hardest knot began to come apart.
Humbert Defranceski	—	—	Pula	S. Istria	Austrian State Archives · *Born at Pola, a shipwright, and a Landsturminfanterist* in a military court case at Belluno in 1918.** «Geburtsort: Pola · Beruf: Schiffbauer.» He is spelled with a k, and that is why nobody here had met him. The 20 September sweep of the Austrian State Archives searched the stem Franceschi; «Defranceski» does not contain it, so he was invisible to a search that found ninety-nine other records. A shipwright from Pula in the last year of the war, in front of a military court in the Dolomites. Catalogued at AT-OeStA/KA MGA GS B Belluno Gerichtsfälle GEx Innichen K 887/18 · ÖStA catalogue. Public, permission-free; the file has not been ordered. (doc for birthplace, trade and rank.)
Heinrich Defranzeschi	1912	—	—	No place	Austrian State Archives · Born 9 July 1912, with a card in the Zentralstelle der Kriegsopferversorgung records held at Vienna, about 1939–1945. New to this archive, and reachable only under the *-zeschi* spelling. Catalogued at AT-OeStA/AdR MilEv ZSK 11.6 · ÖStA catalogue. (doc for the birth date; nothing places him.)
Joannes Baptista de Franceschi (of Svetvinčenat, fl. 1739)	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · Alive and standing godfather on 19 April 1739 — «Patrini fuere Joannes Baptista de Franceschi, et Clara vidua defuncti Bartholomei Braccato». He is not the Joannes Baptista who was already dead in October 1737. That one is known from his daughter's entry, «Maria filia defuncti* Joannis Baptistæ de Franceschi», eighteen months earlier. Two men of one forename and one surname in one small parish* — which is the second time this register has done that, after the Jacobos. Father and son is the ordinary explanation; this archive claims no more than that. Joannes Baptista de Franceschi of Svetvincenat d. By 1737 Worth one careful sentence and no more. The Fiume question this archive has been chasing all week turns on a Joannes Baptista de Franceschi of unknown origin who fathers a child there in 1748. A man of that name alive at Svetvinčenat in 1739 is a name in the right decade and nothing else — no document connects them, and this is recorded as a thing to test, not a link. (doc for the appearance; the Fiume connection is lore until a register says otherwise.) Film 005497885, images 115–122 — Births 1709–1764 of Svetvinčenat, read on the plate 22 September 2026. In no index anywhere.
Vittoria Defranceschi (of Telve, 1894)	1894	—	Assunzione di Maria Santissima, Telve · Telve, Trento	Trentino	Record index · Baptised at Telve in the Valsugana, born 29 April 1894, daughter of Antonio Defranceschi and Rosa Mattivi — Italia, Trento, Diocesi di Trento, Registri Parrocchiali, page 251, microfilm 001388687. One of David's own citations that had never been read into this archive. She belongs to the Trentino stock, which is in this study because the surname is the same and for no other reason. (doc.)	record
Estefania Defranceschi (Dallas, 2004)	—	—	Dallas, Texas	Abroad	Record index · Married at Dallas, Texas on 24 July 2004, aged twenty-seven, to Lance C Thomas, aged twenty-eight — Texas, Marriages, 1966–2010, file number 110220. The latest-dated record of the name in this archive, and one of David's own citations that had never been read in. No birth year is recorded here: the index gives an age and not a date, and that is all this page needs. (doc for the marriage.)	record
Franciscus Defranceschi (tailor of Kaštelir, 1818–1892)	1818	1892	Kaštelir	Not placed	Read off the register · «Franciscus Defranceschi, sartor — q.m Julii», died 26 January 1892 of apoplexy, aged seventy-three years and five months, at house 23 of Castellier. That puts his birth at about August 1818, and quondam Julii gives his father: a Giulio Defranceschi, already dead. He is the head of a household this archive did not know it had. Two children were buried from the same house — Joannes Aloysius de Franceschi Kastelir 1858 at eight months in 1858 and Josephus Defranceschi Kastelir 1870 at eight years in 1870 — and the 1870 entry calls that boy «sartoris», son of the tailor. (The 1858 entry says agricola: either the trade changed in twelve years or the house held two families. Recorded as it stands.) (doc for the death, age, trade and father's name.) Film 005497821 (Liber Defunctorum, Parochia SS. Cosmae et Damiani, Castellier — Kaštelir), read on the plate 22 September 2026. One of David's own citations, never opened here until now.	record
Joannes Aloysius De Franceschi (Kaštelir, 1858)	1858	1858	Kaštelir	Not placed	Read off the register · Died 18 November 1858 at house 23 of Castellier, aged eight months, of febris verminosa — so born about March 1858. The register writes him «Joannes Aloysius De franceschi, agricola». House 23 is the tailor's house — see Franciscus Defranceschi Tailor of Kastelir 1818 1892. (doc.) Film 005497821 (Liber Defunctorum, Parochia SS. Cosmae et Damiani, Castellier — Kaštelir), read on the plate 22 September 2026. One of David's own citations, never opened here until now.	record
Josephus Defranceschi (Kaštelir, 1870)	1862	1870	Kaštelir	Not placed	Read off the register · Died 19 March 1870 at house 23 of Castellier, aged eight, of angina — «Josephus Defranceschi, sartoris», son of the tailor, which names his father without naming him. Born about 1862. See Franciscus Defranceschi Tailor of Kastelir 1818 1892. (doc for the death and the age; the birth year is arithmetic.) Film 005497821 (Liber Defunctorum, Parochia SS. Cosmae et Damiani, Castellier — Kaštelir), read on the plate 22 September 2026. One of David's own citations, never opened here until now.	record
Catharina Defranceschi (widow of Bakar, d. 1819)	1734	1819	Bakar	Not placed	Read off the register · «Vidua Catharina Defranceschi», died 7 April 1819 at house 121 of Buccari, aged eighty-five, causa senectutis, with all the sacraments, buried in the cemetery. Born about 1734. She is the earliest-born person of the name this archive can place at Bakar, and she was a widow — so there was a Defranceschi husband there before 1819 whom nothing here yet names. (doc for the death, the age and the house; the birth year is arithmetic.) Film 005494714 (Liber Defunctorum, Ecclesia Buccarana — Bakar), read on the plate 22 September 2026. One of David's own citations, never opened here until now.	record
Mattio Defranceschi (carpenter of Poreč, fl. 1844–1846)	—	—	Parenzo · Poreč	Not placed	Read off the register · *A falegname* — a carpenter — at Parenzo, married to Domenica Frezza. Named on two baptisms in the town's register: · Anna Maria, born 20 October, baptised 11 November 1844. · «Parenzo li 28 Luglio 1846. Paolo Francesco Domenico figlio delli giugali** Mattio Defranceschi falegn. e Domenica Frezza nacque li 26 corr.» — baptised by Canon Pietro Monfalcon, godparents Francesco Marchese de Polesini and Ellena de Filippini-Coletti, midwife Elena Weber. The godfather is the point. The Polesini were the first noble house of Parenzo, and a marquis of that family stood for a carpenter's son. (doc for both baptisms; the birth estimate is inf.) Film 005497830 (Liber Baptizatorum, Parenzo — Poreč), read on the plate 22 September 2026. One of David's own citations, never opened here until now.	record
Paolo Francesco Domenico Defranceschi (Poreč, 1846)	1846	—	Parenzo · Poreč	Not placed	Read off the register · Born 26 July 1846 at Parenzo and baptised on the 28th, son of Mattio Defranceschi, carpenter, and Domenica Frezza. Baptised by Canon Pietro Monfalcon; godparents Francesco Marchese de Polesini and Ellena de Filippini-Coletti; the midwife was Elena Weber. (doc.) Film 005497830 (Liber Baptizatorum, Parenzo — Poreč), read on the plate 22 September 2026. One of David's own citations, never opened here until now.	record
Anna Maria Defranceschi (Poreč, 1844–1879)	1844	1879	Parenzo · Poreč	Not placed	Read off the register · Born 20 October 1844 at Parenzo, baptised 11 November, daughter of Mattio Defranceschi, carpenter, and Domenica Frezza (film 005497830). And almost certainly the woman who dies thirty-five years later in the same town. «17 Settembre 1879, casa 346 — Anna Maria Defranceschi, moglie di Giacomo Rocco fu Matteo», aged 35, of idrope, all sacraments (film 005497834). A woman born 20 October 1844 is thirty-four years and eleven months old on 17 September 1879, which is what a clerk writes as thirty-five. (doc for each record separately; inf for joining them, on the name, the town, the arithmetic and the fact that both films are Parenzo's. The death entry's «fu Matteo» reads most naturally as her husband's father — but her own father was a Matteo too, and the archive notes that rather than choosing.) Film 005497830 (Liber Baptizatorum, Parenzo — Poreč), read on the plate 22 September 2026. One of David's own citations, never opened here until now.	record
Euphemia di Batta Defranceschi (1739)	1739	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · «Die 4 8bris 1739* … baptizavit unam infantulam natam die 1ma currentis a Batta Defranceschi et Jacoba ejus legitima uxore ambobus ex hac Parochia, cui positum fuit nomen Euphemia»* — born 1 October, baptised 4 October 1739. Godparents D.nus Aloysius Spinotti and Ursula, wife of Francesco Marzoni. Batta is Battista, so her father is a Giovanni Battista Defranceschi — and the same register has one standing godfather five months earlier, on 19 April 1739. This is very probably Joannes Baptista de Franceschi of Svetvincenat (fl. 1739)'s household. (inf for the identification; doc for the baptism.) And she raises a question the archive cannot answer. Fourteen months before her, on 27 July 1738, «Petro* de Franceschi et Jacoba ejus legitima uxore»* baptise a daughter Anna Euphemia. Same mother's name, same daughter's name, two different fathers' forenames. *And the balance has since shifted against Batta.* On 29 December 1739, eleven weeks after this baptism, the same register enters a godmother as *«Jacoba uxor Petri Defranceschi»* — and Jacoba was already Pietro's wife in July 1738. So the register names Jacoba as Pietro's wife twice, on either side of the one entry that gives her to a Batta. The likeliest reading is now that this child belongs to Pietro and Jacoba and that the clerk wrote the wrong husband here — which would make her the second Euphemia of that household, the first having died. *The entry still reads Batta* under magnification and has not been altered*; what has changed is which way the evidence leans. (The identification with Joannes Baptista de Franceschi of Svetvincenat (fl. 1739) is accordingly withdrawn to* lore.) Film 005497885, image 123 — Births 1709–1764 of Svetvinčenat, read on the plate 22 September 2026. In no index anywhere.
Helena di Matteo Defranceschi (1742)	1742	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · «Die 10 Augusti 1742 … baptizavit unam infantulam, natam die 5 currentis a Matthæo Defranceschi, et Francisca ejus legitima uxore ambobus ex hac Parochia, cui positum fuit nomen Helena» — born 5 August, baptised 10 August 1742, godparent Martinus Stancovich. She is ten years older than her sister. The same couple baptise Irena in February 1752, and Francisca is already named as Matteo's wife in August 1741. So this household stands at the castle across at least eleven years, and both its known children were born inside the stretch no index covers. (doc.) Film 005497885, images 129–131 — Births 1709–1764 of Svetvinčenat, read on the plate 23 September 2026. In no index anywhere. --- 28 September 2026 — she marries, and it is the first marriage of a Defranceschi this archive has ever found. 9 February 1766, Svetvinčenat: «Mattio figlio di q.m Michiel Santalezza nativo dal Territorio d'Albona ma per il suo domicilio d'anni 12 c.a in questo Distretto di S. Vicenti … hà contrato il matrimonio per verba de presenti Con Elena figlia di q.m Mattio de Franceschi nativa di questo Castello» — film 005497886, frame 53, the marriage register. (doc for the act.) Read at 2.6× and not in doubt — «Con Elena figlia di q.m Mattio de Franceschi» is written clear and unabbreviated across one line. She is twenty-three and a half, born 5 August 1742, and her father is dead — «q.m», quondam. The groom is an incomer: from the territory of Albona (Labin), resident in the district about twelve years, admitted on a letter of credit the parish had to accept before he could marry here. The banns were dispensed down to two by the Vicar Capitular of Parenzo, «quantunque da una dispensati» — and the two were read on the same day, which is what a parish does when a couple is in a hurry or the season is short. ⚠ The identification is inferred, not stated. The act names «Elena figlia di q.m Mattio de Franceschi»* and no more — no age, no mother, no baptism date.* This archive knows exactly one Matteo de Franceschi of this castle (Matteo Defranceschi of Svetvinčenat, × Francisca) and exactly one daughter Elena born to him, in 1742, the right age to the month. His other known daughter, Irena, was thirteen and cannot be her. (inf, and about as firm as an inference in this parish gets.) Her husband and her mother now have pages of their own: Mattio Santalezza (fl. 1766) and Francisca de Franceschi, wife of Matteo. 28 September 2026 — she has a sister, and her husband stood at that sister's wedding. Fusca de Franceschi married Marc'Antonio Jacomini of Parenzo* on 17 November 1773, witnessed by Mathias Santalezza.* That is Helena's own husband's name, seven years on — and a brother-in-law at the altar is the ordinary reason a family chooses a witness. It is also what ties Fusca to this household. --- 28 September 2026 — her death is bracketed, from her husband's second wedding. 26 May 1777: «Ved.o Mattio Santaleza q.m Micho* ha contrato matrimonio per verba de presenti con Maria figlia del q.m Ant.o Bolich»* — film 005497886, frame 78, read at 2.1×. «Ved.o» is vedovo: a widower. (doc.) He is her husband. The 1766 act married her to «Mattio figlio di q.m Michiel* Santalezza»* of the Albona territory; this man is «Mattio Santaleza q.m Micho» — the same patronymic, the same parish, eleven years on. (inf, and close to certain.) So Elena was dead between 9 February 1766 and 26 May 1777 — married at twenty-three, dead by thirty-four at the latest, and no child of hers has been found in the baptism volume that ends in 1764 or the one that follows. ⚠ No death year is printed for her, because the bracket is eleven years wide and the register that would close it — Svetvinčenat's deaths before 1859 — is not on any film this archive can reach.
Casparus Defranceschi (of Svetvinčenat, fl. 1741)	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · Godfather on 17 August 1741 — «Patrini fuerunt Casparus Defranceschi, et Cattarina uxor Pauli Vannich». A man of this name is already on the roster, a Gasparo De Franceschi born 1718 off the index, who would be twenty-three in 1741 — the right age to be asked. (inf for the identification; doc for the appearance.) Film 005497885, images 129–131 — Births 1709–1764 of Svetvinčenat, read on the plate 23 September 2026. In no index anywhere.
Joanna Defranceschi (of Svetvinčenat, fl. 1741)	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · Godmother on 30 June 1741 — «Patrini vero fuerunt Jacobus Zanco, et Joanna Defranceschi». She is entered under the surname in her own right, not as somebody's wife, which in this register usually means an unmarried daughter of the house. Which house is not said. (doc for the appearance; nothing else places her.) Film 005497885, images 129–131 — Births 1709–1764 of Svetvinčenat, read on the plate 23 September 2026. In no index anywhere.
★Joannes Baptista de Franceschi «ex Cargna» (1742)	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · *«Die 20 Xbris 1742* … baptizavi unam infantulam spuriam, natam heri, a Gregorio Bercar et Maria Simebich ex Parochia Barbana, cui positum fuit nomen Victoria. Patrini fuerunt Joannes Baptista de Franceschi, ex Cargn., et Maria uxor Gasparis Perlar.» He is the only person of this name in the whole register who is given an origin. Everyone else is «ambo ex hac Parochia» or nothing at all — the clerk marks him because he is not of the parish. Cargna is the Venetian and Italian form of Carnia. The word is abbreviated with a suspension stroke and is given here as read. (The expansion is inf; the letters C-a-r-g-n are doc.) Why this matters more than another godparent line. «Ex Carnia» is the exact phrase the Fiume marriage register attaches to Valentino de Franceschi on 28 February 1737 — and Joannes Baptista is the forename at the centre of the Fiume question, where a man of that name and unknown origin fathers a child at Fiume in 1748. This is not that man, and is not claimed to be. It is the first document this archive has found that puts the right surname, the right forename and a Carnian origin together inside Istria in the right decade. (lore for any connection to Fiume; doc for the entry.) And it unsettles the two Joannes Baptistas already here. One was dead by October 1737; one stood godfather in April 1739. Whether the 1739 man and this one are the same — and therefore whether the Svetvinčenat Battistas are themselves Carnian incomers — the register does not say. Film 005497885, image 132 — Births 1709–1764 of Svetvinčenat, read on the plate 23 September 2026 and magnified three times. In no index anywhere. *A third time, and the fullest spelling yet: «ex Cargno».* 14 September 1744, at the baptism of Michael son of Mari Milovar: «Patrini ad Sacrum fontem fuerunt Joannes Baptis-/:ta Defranceschi ex Cargno, et Catharina Uxor Bene Mesciarovich» — the surname broken across the line, the origin whole. Magnified. Film 005497885, image 138, read 23 September 2026. (doc.) A fourth time, ten months later. 1 June 1745, at the baptism of Vitus son of Gregorio Barbar: «Patrini fuere, Joannes Baptis-/:ta Defranceschi ex Cargno, et Cata uxor Caspari Venier». Magnified. This entry is on the page the loose slip covers on image 140 and is legible only on image 141. (doc.) Four statements of Carnia across four years — 1742, 1743, 1744, 1745 — and he is the only man of the name the register ever places.
Casparus di Jacobo Defranceschi (1743)	1743	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · «Casparus filius legitimus Jacobi Defranceschi, et Pascasia ejus legitimæ uxoris, amborum ex hac Parochia … baptizatus fuit a R.do D.no Martino Zolonda Capellano. Patrini fuerunt D.no Francisco Xaverio Profumo, et D.na Catharina filia Dominici Louicini ex Dignano. Natus die 1mo currentis.» — born 1 June, baptised 15 June 1743. ⚠ Two words of that were wrong here until 28 September 2026. His mother was published as Francisca and his godfather as «Dominicus Xaverii Bosponi». Re-read at 8×, the mother is Pascasia — the same word the register writes for her in the 1746 baptism of his sister, stroke for stroke — and the godfather is Francesco Saverio Profumo, chancellor of the parish, named in full one leaf away. Recorded on /corrections/. *He was published here as «the child who sorts out his own father», then withdrawn, and the withdrawal rested on the misread name.* The argument was that his mother Francisca overlapped Pascasia, so his father could not be pinned. There was never an overlap: the two names are one woman. His father is the Jacobo married to Pascasia — [h107], which this baptism now pushes back from 1746 to 1743. That does not make him the Jacobo of the 1737 twins. The parish still holds more than one man of the forename — see Jacobo de Franceschi of Svetvinčenat (fl. 1737–1752) — but the reason for doubting it is now the 1752–53 evidence, not this entry. *His own act is unaffected and always was: both parents named in full, both «ex hac Parochia».* (doc for the act; the father's identity among the Giacomos is inf.) Film 005497885, image 134 — Births 1709–1764 of Svetvinčenat, read on the plate 23 September 2026, re-read 28 September 2026. In no index anywhere. --- 28 September 2026 — he is not the Gasparo of the marriage register. A «Gasparo de Franceschi»* witnesses three marriages at this castle — 6 November 1762, 9 July 1766 and 13 August 1766 — and the third names his father:* «Gaspare de Franceschi q.m Ant.o ex hoc Castro», film 005497886, frame 55. His father was Antonio. This man's father was Jacobo, named in his own baptism entry, so he is excluded. (doc for the exclusion — it turns on a patronymic in the record, not on an estimate of age.) The appearances are filed with Gasparo Defranceschi, husband of Maria.
Vittorio Defranceschi (godfather 1744)	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · 5 June 1744, at the baptism of a foundling. «Petrus filius natus a parentibus ignotis, baptizatus fuit a me infrascripto. Patrini ad Sacrum fontem fuerunt, Victorij Defranceschi, et Euphemia vidua Georgi Bratolich.» Magnified and read letter by letter. This is not the Vittorio this archive already carries. Vittorio de Franceschi, son of Antonio was born about 1758 and first witnesses in 1773. A man standing godfather in 1744 was an adult then — born about 1723 at the very latest, and more likely around 1715. They are two men, fourteen years and a generation apart, and the name repeats because Istrian households repeated names. (doc for the appearance; the birth window is inferred from the office he is holding.) He is very probably the grandfather the later Vittorio is named for. The castle's line of the name runs Antonio → Vittorio → Antonio on this archive's existing evidence; a Vittorio active in 1744 sits exactly where a grandfather would. (inf, and no more than that — no entry joins them.) Film 005497885, image 137 — Births 1709–1764 of Svetvinčenat, read on the plate 23 September 2026. In no index anywhere. He has a household, and it is on the page behind the slip. 13 June 1745: «Antonia filia Victorij Defranceschi, et Dominica ejus legitima Uxoris amborum ex hac Parochia, nata die 12 currentis» — Antonia di Vittorio Defranceschi 1745. His wife is Dominica, and both of them are «of this parish», so neither is an incomer. (doc.) This is what separates him from the later Vittorio beyond doubt: a man with a baptised child in 1745 is not a man born about 1758. Film 005497885, image 141. A fourth child, 4 October 1749: «Maria filia Victorij Defranceschi, et Dominica ejus legitima uxoris, amborum ex hac Parochia, nata die 3 currentis» — Maria di Vittorio Defranceschi (1749). The household runs 1745 to 1749, four children, both parents «of this parish» throughout. (doc.) Film 005497885, images 151–162, read on the plate 27 September 2026. 28 September 2026 — his wife now has a page of her own: Dominica de Franceschi, wife of Vittorio (fl. 1745–1749), named with him in all four of their children's baptisms, including the twins of February 1748 — one of whom carries her name. --- *28 September 2026 — and the same «Vittorio Franceschi»* of 29 April 1782 may be him.** Witness at the wedding of Zorzi Bratulich and Elena Zulioni, frame 90, written «Vittorio Franceschi»* — without the «De», because the parish had a new archpriest, D. Paolo Cossaich.* The act gives no patronymic, so it fits Vittorio son of Antonio equally well. Recorded on both pages, claimed on neither. (doc for the act; no identification.) *And the «Vittorio de Franceschi»* who witnesses on 21 February 1784** — at the remarriage of Antonia née de Franceschi's widower, frame 96 — may equally be him. No patronymic; recorded on both pages, claimed on neither. (doc for the act.)
Gasparo Defranceschi (husband of Maria, fl. 1744)	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · 5 May 1744: «patrini fuerunt Dominicus del Corvo … et Maria uxor Caspari Defranceschi». Magnified and read letter by letter. He settles a question this archive had left open between two wrong candidates. Gasparo de Franceschi's dossier weighs the 30 March 1773 marriage entry «Joannes Volge, et Maria relicta q.m Gasparis de Franceschi» — a widow of a Gasparo remarrying — against two men: the twin baptised 1737 and the Domenico Gasparo baptised 1732. Neither of them can be the husband. A man whose wife is named in a godparent line in May 1744 was married by 1744. The twin was six; Domenico Gasparo was eleven. The archive was choosing between two boys. The wife's name matches, twenty-nine years apart. Maria is Caspar Defranceschi's wife in 1744 and Maria is the widow of the late Gaspar de Franceschi in 1773. One couple, one lifetime, and the 1773 entry is his death notice in all but name. (doc for both entries; the identification of the two Marias as one woman is inf, on the forename, the surname of the husband, the single parish and the ordinary span of a marriage.) So the castle held a third Gasparo, older than both the boys — born about 1715, married by 1744, dead by March 1773. Film 005497885, image 137 — Births 1709–1764 of Svetvinčenat, read on the plate 23 September 2026. In no index anywhere. A second attestation seven months later. 29 November 1744, at the baptism of Joanna Magdalena, daughter of D.nus Jacobus Zuecht: «Patrini fuere, D.nus Marius Zocchi Chirurgus, et Maria Uxor Caspari Defranceschi». Magnified. His wife stands beside the parish surgeon, which says something about the household's standing. (doc.) Film 005497885, image 139. And a third attestation, which is now the earliest. 15 February 1744: «Patrini fuere D.us Jacobus Zuecha, et Maria uxor Caspari Defranceschi» — magnified. Maria is named as his wife three times in 1744 alone, in February, May and November, each time in the same formula and never with a different husband. That steadiness is the whole argument: she is not a clerk's slip, she is a wife. (doc.) Film 005497885, image 136. And in 1746 he appears in person, twice. 15 September 1746: «Patrini ad Sacrum Fontem fuerunt, Casparus Defranceschi, necnon Maria filia Joannis Barcovich». 23 October 1746, at the baptism of twins, the boy's godfather is «Casparus de Franceschi» while the girl gets her own pair. 24 November 1746: «Paulus Venier, et Maria uxor Caspari Defranceschi» — her fourth. So the couple is attested in person across three years, and the man is standing at fonts in 1746 when the twin baptised in 1737 would have been nine. (doc.) Film 005497885, image 144. Still standing at fonts in 1747. 21 September 1747: «Patrini ad Sacrum Fontem fuerunt Casparus Defranceschi, et Lucia uxor Viti Biasich». Film 005497885, image 146. (doc.) Maria a fifth time, 6 October 1748: «Patrini fuerunt ad S. Fontem, Martinus Paicovich, et Maria uxor Caspari Defranceschi». Film 005497885, image 150. (doc.) Maria a sixth and seventh time, and then the two houses stand together. «Maria uxor Caspari Defranceski» on 14 December 1748 and 19 January 1749. 17 August 1749 — «Patrini ad Sacrum fontem fuere, Caspar Defranceschi, et Pascasia uxor Jacobi Defranceschi», magnified. Two households of the name in one godparent line, as Vittorio and Pietro's Jacoba had done the year before. And he is still standing at a font on 26 February 1751. ⚠ An open question about his death, which this archive cannot presently settle. On 11 March 1751, thirteen days after that last appearance, a godmother was read here as «Batistina filia q.m Caspari Defranceschi» — the late Caspar. If that reading is right he died inside a fortnight, leaving a grown daughter. But the archive already holds a Battistina De Franceschi, born at Svetvinčenat on 18 November 1731, *whose own baptism names her father «S.r Gio: Battista de Franceschi»* and her mother Maria** — and Maria is the name attested six times as Caspar's wife. Either there are two Battistinas, or one of the two readings is wrong. The 1751 frame was magnified once and the working copy has since been lost twice to a failing disk, so it cannot be re-checked today. Recorded as a reading to verify, not as a fact. No person has been created, merged or split on it. (the 1749 and 1751 appearances are doc; the parentage of that godmother is open.) Film 005497885, images 151–162, read on the plate 27 September 2026. --- *28 September 2026 — a «M.ro Gasparo de Franceschi»* in the marriage register, twelve years later, and this page does not claim him. 6 November 1762*, at the marriage of Domenico Bulcich and Gioanna Bulcich: «alla presenza mia di And.a Venier q.m Nadal, di M.ro Gasparo de Franceschi, e di molte altre persone Testimonj»* — film 005497886, frame 43, the first page of the 1762 marriage volume. (doc for the appearance.) «M.ro» is Maestro, a master craftsman — the first trade-style ever recorded for a Defranceschi of this parish, and the register does not say which craft. ⚠ It may not be this man. Two other Gasparos of the name could be living in the parish in 1762 — Gasparo de Franceschi born 1737, then twenty-five, and Casparus di Jacobo Defranceschi (1743), then nineteen. A style of address is not an identification. This man, about forty-five in 1762 and last seen in 1750, is the likeliest of the three and that is all — the entry gives no father, no wife, no age and no trade. (unassigned.) --- 28 September 2026, an hour later — the register names his father, and two of the three candidates fall. 13 August 1766, at the marriage of Mattheus Razzan and Catharina Percovich: «Testibus ad hoc adhibitis Perill.re D.no Jacobo Zaveri Rectore … ac Gaspare de Franceschi q.m Ant.o ex hoc Castro» — film 005497886, frame 55, read at 2.5×. «q.m Ant.o» — son of the late Antonio, of this castle. (doc.) And four days earlier, 9 July 1766: «Testibus ad hoc adhibitis D.no Franc.co Fabris et D.no Gasparo de Franceschi» — frame 54. (doc.) *⚠ This retires the «unassigned»* filed above.** A patronymic does what a style of address could not: · Gasparo de Franceschi b. 1737 is excluded — he is the twin of 26 December 1737, and his father is Jacobo* de Franceschi × Anzola, named in his own baptism.* · Casparus di Jacobo Defranceschi (1743) is excluded — his father is Jacobo* too, named in full in the act this archive corrected this morning.* · This man is not excluded. No father is recorded for him, so «q.m Antonio»* contradicts nothing here, and the fit is otherwise exact: a settled householder, wife Maria named as his six times 1744–1749, of this castle.* (inf — the identification rests on elimination plus fit, not on a document that names him and Maria together with his father.) Two dates follow if he is the man. His father Antonio is dead by 13 August 1766. And he himself is alive on 13 August 1766 — which, set against the 30 March 1773 entry this page already carries, «Joannes Volge, et Maria relicta q.m Gasparis de Franceschi», brackets his own death to 1766 × 1773. The style of address is worth a caution, not a conclusion. He is «M.ro» in 1762 and «D.no» twice in 1766 — but the scribe changed in between, from Arciprete Simon Zadro to D. Mattio Adamich, and the second writes «D.no» over almost everyone he names. That is a habit of the pen, not a promotion. His wife now has a page of her own: Maria de Franceschi, wife of Gasparo (fl. 1744–1773). And his father now has one too: Antonio de Franceschi of Svetvinčenat (d. by 1766) — a man who exists on the strength of one word, «q.m Ant.o», and whose page says so.
Valentino di Pietro Defranceschi (1745)	1745	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · «Die 14 Februarij, 1745. Valentinus filius legitimus Petri Defranceschi, et Jacoba ejus legitima uxoris, ambobus ex hac Parochia, natus die 11 currentis, baptizatus fuit (de licentia mei infrascripti) a R.do D.no Petro Tobis Canc.; Patrini fuerunt, Antonius Valentinus Colovri ex Cargno, et Maria filia q. Matthei Bergovi.» — born 11 February, baptised 14 February 1745. Magnified and read letter by letter. He is named for his godfather, which is ordinary, and his godfather is «ex Cargno» — from Carnia, which is not. (doc.) Third child of Pietro de Franceschi of Svetvincenat and Jacoba, after Anna Euphemia (1738) and Euphemia (1739), and the entry that carries the couple furthest forward: seven years of one marriage, in a parish whose register hands the name Jacobo three wives in eight days. Film 005497885, image 139 — Births 1709–1764 of Svetvinčenat, read on the plate 23 September 2026. In no index anywhere.
Antonia di Vittorio Defranceschi (1745)	1745	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · «Die 13 Junij, 1745. Antonia filia Victorij Defranceschi, et Dominica ejus legitima Uxoris amborum ex hac Parochia, nata die 12 currentis (de licentia mei infrascripti) baptizata fuit a R.do D.no Antonio Stancovich Canc.: Patrini fuerunt, Vincentius Bracovich, et Elena vidua defuncti Blasij Marsoni.» — born 12 June, baptised 13 June 1745. Magnified and read letter by letter. Her godmother is the widow of the man who stood for Pietro's daughter seven years earlier. Blasius Marsoni, smith, was godfather to Anna Euphemia di Pietro de Franceschi 1738 on 27 July 1738; by June 1745 he is dead and Elena is standing in his place. Two Defranceschi households, one family of smiths, seven years apart. (doc.) She was hidden by a piece of paper. Her entry is on page 125 of the volume, and on image 140 that page is covered by a loose slip — an Italian memorandum of the castle chancellor's own child, with the Captain of the Castle as godfather. Image 141 is the same opening photographed again with the slip lifted, and only there does this baptism exist. (See the method note on duplicate frames.) Film 005497885, images 140 and 141 — Births 1709–1764 of Svetvinčenat, read on the plate 23 September 2026. In no index anywhere.
Maria di Matteo Defranceschi (1745)	1745	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · «Die 28 8bris, 1745. Maria filia Matthæi Defranceschi, et Francisca ejus legitima uxoris amborum ex hac Parochia, nata die 15 currentis, baptizata fuit (de licentia mei infrascripti) a R.do D.no Petro Tobis Canc. hujus Castri; Patrini fuere, Dominicus Diasich ex Dignano, et Elena uxor Joanis Filipich ex Fasano.» — born 15 October, baptised 28 October 1745. Magnified. Both godparents come from outside the parish — Dignano and Fasana, two of the Istrian towns this archive already tracks. (doc.) Middle child of Matteo Defranceschi of Svetvincenat and Francesca, between Helena (1742) and Irena (1752), and the entry that turns three scattered years into an eleven-year household. Film 005497885, images 142–143 — Births 1709–1764 of Svetvinčenat, read on the plate 23 September 2026. In no index anywhere.
Victoria di Pietro Defranceschi (1746)	1746	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · «Die 10. Februarij, 1746. Victoria filia Petri Defranceschi, et Jacoba ejus legitima uxoris amborum ex hac Parochia, nata die 1mo currentis, (de licentia mei infrascripti) baptizata fuit a R.do D.no Petro Tobis Canc.; Patrini ad Sanctum Fontem fuerunt, Joannes Clozo faber, et Maria filia defuncti Matthei Bergovi.» — born 1 February, baptised 10 February 1746. Magnified. Fourth child of Pietro de Franceschi of Svetvincenat and Jacoba, and the last so far — the household now runs 1738 to 1746. (doc.) Her godfather is a smith, as her eldest sister's was. Joannes Clozo faber here; Blasius Marsoni faber at Anna Euphemia's font in 1738. Two smiths, eight years apart, for the same household. (inf, and only an observation.) Film 005497885, images 142–143 — Births 1709–1764 of Svetvinčenat, read on the plate 23 September 2026. In no index anywhere.
Martina Antonia di Jacobo Defranceschi (1746)	1746	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · «Die 31. Martij, 1746. Martina Antonia filia legitima Jacobi Defranceschi, et Pascasia ejus legitima uxoris amborum ex hac Parochia, nata 28 currentis, (de licentia mei infrascripti) baptizata fuit a R.do D.no Petro Tobis Canc.; Patrini fuerunt, D.nus Martinus Peispach ex Dignano, et D.na Seraphina, wife of D.nus Seraphinus.» — born 28 March, baptised 31 March 1746. Magnified and read letter by letter. She is the entry that ends the argument about her father. Two women are now mothers by a Jacobo Defranceschi in full parental entries three years apart — «et Francisca* ejus legitimæ uxoris»* at Casparus di Jacobo Defranceschi 1743's baptism on 15 June 1743, and «et Pascasia* ejus legitima uxoris»* here. *Both are «ambo ex hac Parochia». Neither is a godparent line.* And they interleave rather than succeed one another. Pascasia stands godmother as «uxor Jacobi Defranceschi» on 24 November 1743; Franca Marcario stands godmother in the same formula seven days later, on 1 December 1743; and Francisca is named his wife again in March and December 1752, after Pascasia's children have begun. No widower remarries and is widowed again in a week. So the castle held two contemporary Jacobo de Franceschis — one married to Francisca Marcario, one to Pascasia — and this girl is the second man's daughter. (doc for the act; the separation of the two men is inf, on two series of parental and godparental attestations that overlap.) She also moves her own household back four years. [h107] had run 1750–1759 on four children. It begins in 1746, and she is the eldest. *Her godfather comes from Dignano and is styled D.nus.* Film 005497885, images 142–143 — Births 1709–1764 of Svetvinčenat, read on the plate 23 September 2026. In no index anywhere.
Antonia di Joannes Baptista Defranceschi (fl. 1743)	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · «Die 20 Xbris [1743]* … Patrini fuerunt, D.us Jacobus Zuecha, necnon Antonia filia q.m Joannis Baptistæ De-/:franceschi.»* — magnified and read letter by letter. She is named by her dead father, which is how the register identifies an unmarried woman, so in December 1743 she is grown and not yet married. That puts her birth about 1720, and no later than about 1727. (doc for the appearance; the birth window is inferred from the office and the wording.) ⚠ Her father is not the Carnic Joannes Baptista. «q.m» — quondam, the late — but Joannes Baptista de Franceschi Ex Cargna 1742 is standing godfather at this same font in 1744 and again in 1745, alive. They are two men of one forename, which by now is the ordinary condition of this parish rather than a surprise. (inf.) Film 005497885, image 136 — Births 1709–1764 of Svetvinčenat, read on the plate 23 September 2026. In no index anywhere. She has a sister. 17 October 1746: «Anna filia defuncti Baptistæ Defranceschi» — Anna di Joannes Baptista Defranceschi (fl. 1746), named in the same formula, by the same dead father, three years later. (inf for the sisterhood; doc for each appearance.) And a brother. 17 September 1749: «Faustino filio q.m Joannis Baptistæ Defranceschi» — Faustino di Joannes Baptista Defranceschi (fl. 1749). Three of the late Battista's children now stand in this register, across six years, and not one of them has a baptism in it. (inf for the sibling group.)
Anna di Joannes Baptista Defranceschi (fl. 1746)	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · «Die 17 8bris 1746* … Patrini ad Sacrum Fontem fuerunt Laurentius Ochrovi, et Anna filia defuncti Baptistæ Defranceschi.»* — magnified and read letter by letter. She is the second grown daughter of the late Battista, and the register names her the same way it names her sister three years earlier: by a dead father, which is how it identifies a woman who has not married. Antonia di Joannes Baptista Defranceschi (fl. 1743) stands godmother as «filia q.m Joannis Baptistæ Defranceschi» on 20 December 1743; Anna stands as «filia defuncti Baptistæ Defranceschi» on 17 October 1746. Two daughters, three years apart, one dead father, and no baptism for either of them anywhere in this volume. (doc for the appearance; the sisterhood is inf, on the identical formula and the single parish.) Their father is not the Carnic Joannes Baptista, who is alive and standing godfather in 1744 and 1745. (inf.) Film 005497885, image 144 — read on the plate 23 September 2026. In no index anywhere. And a brother, three years later: Faustino di Joannes Baptista Defranceschi (fl. 1749), «filio q.m Joannis Baptistæ Defranceschi», 17 September 1749. (inf.)
Antonia di Jacobo Defranceschi (1747)	1747	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · «Die 27 8bris, 1747. Antonia filia legitima Jacobi Defranceschi, et Pascasia ejus legitima uxoris amborum ex hac Parochia, nata die 20 currentis, baptizata a me infrascripto, Patrini ad Sacrum Fontem fuerunt D.us Joannes Baptista Legiani, et D.us Faustinus, filius D.ni Francisci Xaverij Profumi.» — born 20 October, baptised 27 October 1747. Magnified and read letter by letter. Second child of Jacobo and Pascasia ([h107]), nineteen months after Martina Antonia di Jacobo Defranceschi 1746. ⚠ Nineteen months is too short, and the name is the same. Martina Antonia* is baptised 31 March 1746; Antonia is baptised 27 October 1747.* A parish does not give one living daughter's name to the next, so the likeliest reading by far is that the first child died in infancy and the name was given again — the same pattern this archive already suspects between the two Euphemias of Pietro's household in 1738 and 1739. No burial has been found for either girl; the death register for these years has not been read. (doc for both baptisms; the death of the elder is inf, on the naming alone.) Both godparents are styled D.us — one of them the son of the chancellor Francesco Saverio Profumo, whose family also stood for Casparus di Jacobo Defranceschi 1743 in 1743. The two Jacobo households both draw their godparents from the castle's officials, which is a reason this archive could not tell them apart for a day. Film 005497885, image 147 — Births 1709–1764 of Svetvinčenat, read on the plate 23 September 2026. In no index anywhere. --- 28 September 2026 — she marries, and she marries back into Carnia. 7 January 1779: «Gio: Batta Stefanuto di Nicolò da Cargna ha contratto matrimonio per verba de presenti con Ant.a figlia del q.m Giac.mo Defranceschi di q.sta mia Parrochia … alla sua presenza, di D.no Mattio Bergamo, di Vitorio Defranceschi Testimonj.» — film 005497886, frame 82, read at 2.1×. (doc for the act.) She is thirty-one, born 20 October 1747, and her father is dead — «q.m Giac.mo», which agrees with her mother Pascasia being a widow in 1765. *⚠ And the groom is «da Cargna»* — from Carnia. This archive argues that Svetvinčenat is the Carnian colony: the godparents round the 1660s baptisms are Carnian, and Kandler lists the Carnian families settled at Sanvincenti. A daughter of the castle marrying a man out of Carnia in 1779 is that argument's shape, a century on** — and it is the second such marriage on this film, after Nicolò Corva «dà Cargna» in 1774. (The pattern is doc; that it means descent from Carnia is not, and is not claimed here.) A Defranceschi stood witness at her wedding — «Vitorio Defranceschi», who is either Vittorio the elder or Vittorio son of Antonio; the act does not say which. --- 29 September 2026 — she was dead within five years, and her husband's second wedding is how we know. 21 February 1784: «Gioan Battista Steffanutto nativo della Carnia, vedovo della q. Antonia nata de Franceschi* contrasse li primi sponsali per verba de presenti con Angiola relitta q. Domenico Galluzzi»* — film 005497886, frame 96, read at 2.2×. (doc.) So Antonia died between 7 January 1779 and 21 February 1784 — married at thirty-one, dead at thirty-six or younger. No year can be printed: the bracket is five years wide and Svetvinčenat's deaths before 1859 are on no film this archive can reach. It is the third time on this line that a woman's death is known only from her widower's next wedding — after Elena and Victoria Trecento. ⚠ And the act settles her identity past argument. «nata de Franceschi» — born a de Franceschi. When the 1779 wedding was read it gave «Ant.a figlia del q.m Giac.mo Defranceschi», and this archive matched her to the girl baptised 20 October 1747 on the patronymic alone. Five years on, the same register names her birth family outright. (doc.)* A Defranceschi stood at that second wedding too — «di Vittorio de Franceschi», among the witnesses, though the act gives no patronymic and this archive does not say which Vittorio. ⚠ One thread left open. The new bride is «Angiola relitta q. Domenico Galluzzi». This archive holds a Pascasia de Franceschi who remarried a Calluzzi — Antonia's own mother. Galluzzi and Calluzzi differ by one letter in one clerk's hand, and this page will not turn that into a kinship. Recorded so that whoever reads the baptisms tests both spellings. (open.)
Lucia di Vittorio Defranceschi (twin, 1748)	1748	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · One of twins, born in the night of 9–10 February 1748. «Die 10. Februarij, 1748. Lucia, et Dominicus filii gemini Victorij Defranceschi, et Dominica ejus legitima uxoris, amborum ex hac Parochia, nati nocte elapsa, baptizati fuerunt a me infrascripto; patrini ad Sacrum Fontem fuerunt, Joannes Baptista Miceij ex Castro, et Michaelis Valentich; secundæ vero, D.us Jacobus Zuecha Chirurgus, et Joannes Jedreicich.» Magnified. Each twin was given its own pair of godparents, which the register does here and did not do for Antonio di Jacobo de Franceschi, twin 1737 and Gasparo de Franceschi in 1737. Her twin is Dominico di Vittorio Defranceschi, twin 1748. (doc.) Second and third children of Vittorio Defranceschi Godfather 1744 and Dominica, after Antonia di Vittorio Defranceschi 1745. Film 005497885, images 148–153 — Births 1709–1764 of Svetvinčenat, read on the plate 23 September 2026. In no index anywhere.
Dominico di Vittorio Defranceschi (twin, 1748)	1748	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · Twin brother of Lucia di Vittorio Defranceschi, twin 1748, born in the night of 9–10 February 1748 to Vittorio Defranceschi and Dominica, both «ex hac Parochia», and baptised the same day. His own godparents were D.us Jacobus Zuecha, surgeon, and Joannes Jedreicich; his sister had Joannes Baptista Miceij ex Castro and Michaelis Valentich. (doc.) He is named for his mother, which the parish does often enough to be worth noticing and never enough to rely on. Film 005497885, images 148–153 — Births 1709–1764 of Svetvinčenat, read on the plate 23 September 2026. In no index anywhere. --- 28 September 2026 — he marries, and his father stands witness. 10 June 1771, Svetvinčenat: «Dominicus de Franceschi, dispensatis denuntiationibus, Matrimo. junctus est cum Victoria Trecento* … Testibus Marco […] ac Victorio de Franceschi, alijsq.»* — film 005497886, frame 61. (doc for the act.) He would be twenty-three, born in the night of 9–10 February 1748. And the second witness is a Victorio de Franceschi — which reads naturally as his father Vittorio, standing at his son's wedding. ⚠ Both halves of that are inference. The act gives the groom no father, no age and no parish of origin. The archive holds one other Dominico of the name old enough to marry in 1771 — Domenico Gasparo, baptised 1732, who would be thirty-nine — and one other Victorio, Vittorio son of Antonio, who would be about sixteen and young for a witness. The reading offered here is the likeliest of the four combinations and is not the only one.* (inf.) His wife now has a page: Victoria Trecento (m. 1771). --- 28 September 2026 — he is a widower by 1779, and he remarries. 13 January 1779: «Ved.o p.mi voti M.ro Dom.co Defranceschi* di questa Parrochia ha contrato matrimonio per verba de presenti con Fosca f.a Giuseppe Placich della Parrochia di Simino»* — film 005497886, frame 82, read at 2.1×. (doc.) Three things in one line. · «Ved.o p.mi voti» — widower of first vows. So Victoria Trecento, whom he married on 10 June 1771, died between 1771 and January 1779. No year can be printed; Svetvinčenat's deaths before 1859 are on no film this archive can reach. · «M.ro» — Maestro. A master craftsman, the second of this family to be styled so at the castle after Gasparo in 1762. The register does not say the craft. · His second wife is Fosca Placich, of the parish of Šimuni. ⚠ And that settles a question this archive was about to get wrong. The baptism register of April 1780 gives godparents «Dominicus Defranceschi, et Fosca Uxor ejus» — and this archive holds a Fusca de Franceschi who married a Jacomini of Parenzo in 1773. They are not the same woman. The 1780 Fosca is Fosca Placich, married to Domenico fifteen months earlier. Two Foscas in one parish in one decade, and only the marriage register tells them apart. He witnesses four weddings on one day** — 29 November 1777, each time beside Simon Manzoni — which is where Antonio had stood for the four years before.
Victoria di Matteo Defranceschi (1749)	1749	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · «Die 21 7bris, 1749. Victoria filia Matthei Defranceschi, et Francisca ejus legitima uxoris, amborum ex hac Parochia, nata die 19 currentis, baptizata fuit a R.do D.no Matthias Alberto; Patrini ad Sacrum Fontem fuere Joannes Sincich, et Matthia uxor Martini Peltrudor ex Parochia Valle.» — born 19 September, baptised 21 September 1749. Magnified. Fourth child of Matteo Defranceschi of Svetvincenat and Francesca, and the one that carries the household to a fourth decade of the volume. (doc.) Film 005497885, images 148–153 — Births 1709–1764 of Svetvinčenat, read on the plate 23 September 2026. In no index anywhere.
Euphemia di Pietro Defranceschi (1749)	1749	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · «Die 17 7bris, 1749. Euphemia filia Petri Defranceschi, et Jacoba ejus legitima uxoris, amborum ex hac Parochia, nata hodie, baptizata fuit a R.do D.no Antonio Stancovich Canc.; Patrini ad Sacrum Fontem fuere Gregorius Jurcich, et Faustino filio q.m Joannis Baptistæ Defranceschi.» — born and baptised the same day, 17 September 1749. Magnified. Fifth child of Pietro de Franceschi of Svetvincenat and Jacoba, and eleven years after their first. ⚠ She is the third Euphemia this household has baptised. Anna Euphemia* in 1738, Euphemia in 1739, and Euphemia again here.* A parish does not give one living daughter's name to two of her sisters. The likeliest reading is that the first two died small and the name was tried a third time — the same pattern as Pascasia's two Antonias in 1746 and 1747. The burial register for these years has not been read, and until it is this is inference from naming and nothing else. (doc for the baptism; inf* for the deaths.)* Baptised the day she was born, which in this register usually means the child was not expected to live. Film 005497885, images 148–153 — Births 1709–1764 of Svetvinčenat, read on the plate 23 September 2026. In no index anywhere.
Faustino di Joannes Baptista Defranceschi (fl. 1749)	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · «Patrini ad Sacrum Fontem fuere Gregorius Jurcich, et Faustino filio q.m Joannis Baptistæ Defranceschi» — 17 September 1749, at the font for Euphemia di Pietro Defranceschi 1749. Magnified and read letter by letter. He is the third grown child of the late Battista, and the first son. His sisters Antonia di Joannes Baptista Defranceschi (fl. 1743) and Anna di Joannes Baptista Defranceschi (fl. 1746) are named the same way — «filia q.m», «filia defuncti» — in 1743 and 1746. Three children identified by a dead father across six years, and not one baptism for any of them in this volume. (doc for the appearance; the sibling group is inf, on the identical formula and the single parish.) ⚠ Do not confuse him with the other Faustino. The register also carries D.us Faustinus, son of the chancellor D.nus Francisco Saverio Profumo, godfather in 1747 and 1748. That man is named by a living father and a title; this one by a dead father and none. Two Faustinos at one small castle, five years apart, and the only thing separating them is the half-line after the name. His father is not the Carnic Joannes Baptista, who is alive and standing godfather in 1744 and 1745. (inf.) Film 005497885, images 148–153 — Births 1709–1764 of Svetvinčenat, read on the plate 23 September 2026. In no index anywhere.
Luiza Defranceski (geb. Salzer)	1919	—	Neuhausen, Kreis Reutlingen	Carnia	Read off the register · Petar's wife, and until today she was a maiden name in somebody else's sentence. Her own camp card: «NOM DEFRANCESKI · PRÉNOMS Luiza · Nationalité Youg. · Date de naissance 5.10.1919 · Profession ménagère · Adresse de l'employeur Neuhausen, Kelterstr. 30 · Situation de famille mariée», IRO no. 148.902 B, camp number 31163. The address is the proof. Kelterstr. 30 Neuhausen is the employer's address on Petar Defranceski's fiche too. This archive already recorded that Petar «married Luise Salzer* at Neuhausen in February 1942»* — and this is her, under the married name, with a date of birth of her own for the first time. (doc for the card; the identification of Luiza Defranceski with Luise Salzer is inf, on the shared address, the marriage already recorded, and the single camp file.) A French-zone identity card of 27 November 1948 carries her thumbprint and a photograph in which she holds two small children. They have cards of their own in the same file; this archive names them and gives no dates, because both were born within living memory. Her daughters are Urzula Defranceski and Renate Defranceski, born at Urach and Metzingen — both in Germany, both named in the Pfullingen household list this archive has held all along, which also gives her own birthplace: «geb. Salzer, Luise, born 5.10.19, Neuhausen* — she was born in the village. Petar married into it.»* The identification is not an inference after all; the archive already had it. Arolsen Archives, French-zone IRO file 148.902, read 23 September 2026.
Urzula Defranceskiliving	—	—	Urach, Württemberg	Carnia	Read off the register · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. Daughter of Petar Defranceski and Luiza Defranceski (geb. Salzer), born at Urach in Württemberg. She was not born in Yugoslavia at all: both of Petar's daughters were born in Germany, where he had gone in April 1939 and stayed. She has a Fiche Individuelle of her own in the family's IRO file at Reutlingen, marked «enfant» across the fingerprint boxes, and she is one of the *«deux enfants»* the IRO letter of 15 December 1948 classified B alongside the head of the family. She is one of the two small children in the photograph on her mother's 1948 identity card. Her date of birth is held by this archive and is not printed — not in text, and not as a scan: her fiche is deliberately absent from the plates, because publishing the document publishes the date. Arolsen Archives, French-zone IRO file 148.902, read 23 September 2026, with the household list already held at /pfullingen/. ⚠ This archive is almost certainly holding her three times, and one of the three is this row. David's live tree already carried Ursula Defranceski (Korn) — «Petar Vid and Luise's elder daughter», born at Urach — and Ursula Defranceski, both imported on 15 September 2026. This row was created on 23 September from the Arolsen fiche, without checking whether the tree already had her. Same parents, same birthplace, same position in the family. Nothing has been merged. Who a living person is, is David's to say and not an inference to be drawn from a camp card — and a merge performed on a guess is a person deleted on a guess. Flagged for him.
Renate Defranceskiliving	—	—	Metzingen, Württemberg	Carnia	Read off the register · Living — named, and placed, and never dated. Daughter of Petar Defranceski and Luiza Defranceski (geb. Salzer), born at Metzingen in Württemberg. She was not born in Yugoslavia at all: both of Petar's daughters were born in Germany, where he had gone in April 1939 and stayed. She has a Fiche Individuelle of her own in the family's IRO file at Reutlingen, marked «enfant» across the fingerprint boxes, and she is one of the *«deux enfants»* the IRO letter of 15 December 1948 classified B alongside the head of the family. She is one of the two small children in the photograph on her mother's 1948 identity card. Her date of birth is held by this archive and is not printed — not in text, and not as a scan: her fiche is deliberately absent from the plates, because publishing the document publishes the date. Arolsen Archives, French-zone IRO file 148.902, read 23 September 2026, with the household list already held at /pfullingen/. ⚠ This archive is almost certainly holding her three times, and one of the three is this row. David's live tree already carried Renata Defranceski (Buck) — «Petar Vid and Luise's younger daughter», born at Metzingen — and Renata Defranceski, both imported on 15 September 2026. This row was created on 23 September from the Arolsen fiche, without checking whether the tree already had her. Same parents, same birthplace, same position in the family. Nothing has been merged. Who a living person is, is David's to say and not an inference to be drawn from a camp card — and a merge performed on a guess is a person deleted on a guess. Flagged for him.
Maria di Vittorio Defranceschi (1749)	1749	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · «Die 4 8bris, 1749. Maria filia Victorij Defranceschi, et Dominica ejus legitima uxoris, amborum ex hac Parochia, nata die 3 currentis, baptizata fuit a R.do D.no Antonio Stancovich; [patrini] fuere Joannes Fiorasso, ac Dorotea…» — born 3 October, baptised 4 October 1749. Magnified and read letter by letter. Fourth child of Vittorio Defranceschi Godfather 1744 and Dominica ([h115]), after Antonia (1745) and the twins Lucia and Dominico (1748). The household now runs 1745 to 1749 and both parents are «of this parish»* throughout.* ⚠ A loose slip lies across the tail of the godparent line, so the godmother's surname is unread. This is the third opening in this volume where a slip sits over evidence of the name — the first hid an entire household until the duplicate frame was checked. (doc for the birth and the parents; the godmother is open.) Film 005497885, images 151–162 — Births 1709–1764 of Svetvinčenat, read on the plate 27 September 2026. In no index anywhere.
Victoria di Jacobo Defranceschi (1750)	1750	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · «Die 25 Martij 1750. Victoria filia legitima Jacobi Defranceschi, ac Pascasia ejus legitima uxoris, amborum ex hac Parochia, nata hodie, baptizata est a R.do Joanne Stancovich. Patrini fuerunt Paulus Venier, ac Euphemia uxor Natalis Zanzevin.» — born and baptised the same day, 25 March 1750. Magnified. She is not a new person. She is a name filled into a gap the archive already had. [h107] has carried this child since long before, as «[forename not read] de Franceschi, 25 Mar 1750» — the date right, the forename unread. The plate supplies it. That is the second time in this volume the archive has held the record and lacked the word, after the 1737 twin whom the index named Gasparo and the plate could not. Adding her as a new person would have duplicated a child the archive already held, which is what checking first prevented. (doc.) Film 005497885, images 151–162 — Births 1709–1764 of Svetvinčenat, read on the plate 27 September 2026. In no index anywhere.
Gio Batta De Franceschi (Ovaro, 1810)	1810	—	Ovaro · Mione, Ovaro	Carnia	undefined · «Gio Batta De Franceschi ( Ovaro, 1810 ) · Nascita: Ovaro, 15/10/1810 · Padre* Osualdo De Franceschi · Madre Cattarina Prencis» — the Antenati name index. He is the act this archive already knew and the person it did not. The birth of 15 October 1810 is the very entry worklist item 11 turns on — the one calling Osvaldo's wife «Cattarina» where the 1807 marriage called her «Valentina». The archive held the act and never held the child. (index only — the register image has not been opened.) Portale Antenati, name index, read 27 September 2026 — Ovaro, Stato civile napoleonico.
Cesare De Franceschi	—	—	Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia	Abroad	undefined · Naturalised 28 January 1963, of 497 Wyman Lane, Broken Hill. Commonwealth of Australia Gazette, 5 September 1963, p. 3118 — «Certificates of Naturalization». Same address as Anna Maria De Franceschi, naturalised three years later: one household. No connection to this family is shown and none is claimed.
Anna Maria De Franceschi	—	—	Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia	Abroad	undefined · Naturalised 28 August 1966, of 497 Wyman Lane, Broken Hill — the address Cesare De Franceschi was naturalised from in 1963. Commonwealth of Australia Gazette, 9 March 1967. A married couple or a parent and child; the gazette does not say which. No connection to this family is shown.
Bernardino De Franceschi	—	—	Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia	Abroad	undefined · Naturalised 26 September 1964, of 350 Piper Street, Broken Hill. Commonwealth of Australia Gazette, 22 April 1965. A second Broken Hill address of the name, half a mile from Wyman Lane. No connection to this family is shown.
Albino De Franceschi	—	—	Bulleen, Victoria, Australia	Abroad	undefined · Naturalised 27 February 1969, of 25 Edgevale Road, Bulleen, Victoria. Commonwealth of Australia Gazette, 5 June 1969. No connection to this family is shown.
Gabriella De Franceschi	—	—	New South Wales, Australia	Abroad	undefined · Executrix of the will of Mario Bazzacco, who died 12 June 1973, with Giuseppe Bazzacco as executor. Government Gazette of the State of New South Wales, 29 March 1974 — Probate Division notice under the Wills, Probate and Administration Act and the Trustee Act 1925–1942. A woman of the name acting in a Bazzacco estate; the relationship is not stated. No connection to this family is shown.
Cesira De Franceschi	—	1982	Pederobba, Treviso, Italy	Abroad	undefined · Died 23 September 1982 at Pederobba, and her death notice names her whole family: «Dearly beloved mother of Cesare, Canberra, Giosue Giacomo and Dino, Broken Hill, Alfonso, Mario and Imelda, Italy. Loved grandmother of their children.» A requiem mass was said for her at St Thomas Aquinas, Lhotsky Street, Charnwood, Canberra, on 2 October. Death notice, «The Canberra Times», 25 September 1982, p. 22; memorial-service notice, 2 October 1982, p. 21. This is the notice that puts people on a pin. Pederobba is on David's own emigration map as a Veneto place of heavy departure and had no person attached to it; the Broken Hill Defranceschi were a cemetery entry with no origin. The two are now the same family. No connection to this family is shown and none is claimed.
Giosue De Franceschi	—	—	Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia	Abroad	undefined · Son of Cesira De Franceschi of Pederobba, named in her death notice of September 1982 as then at Broken Hill, with his brothers Giacomo and Dino. Death notice, «The Canberra Times», 25 September 1982, p. 22; memorial-service notice, 2 October 1982, p. 21.
Dino De Franceschi	—	—	Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia	Abroad	undefined · Son of Cesira De Franceschi of Pederobba, at Broken Hill in 1982 with his brothers Giosue and Giacomo. Death notice, «The Canberra Times», 25 September 1982, p. 22; memorial-service notice, 2 October 1982, p. 21.
Alfonso De Franceschi	—	—	Italy	Abroad	undefined · Son of Cesira De Franceschi, still in Italy at his mother's death in 1982, with Mario and Imelda. Death notice, «The Canberra Times», 25 September 1982, p. 22; memorial-service notice, 2 October 1982, p. 21.
Mario De Franceschi	—	—	Italy	Abroad	undefined · Son of Cesira De Franceschi, in Italy in 1982. Death notice, «The Canberra Times», 25 September 1982, p. 22; memorial-service notice, 2 October 1982, p. 21.
Imelda De Franceschi	—	—	Italy	Abroad	undefined · Daughter of Cesira De Franceschi, in Italy in 1982. Death notice, «The Canberra Times», 25 September 1982, p. 22; memorial-service notice, 2 October 1982, p. 21.
Amelia Franceski	—	—	Lismore, New South Wales, Australia	Abroad	undefined · A music teacher at Lismore, known professionally as Miss Amelia Franceski and by 1930 Mrs Sullivan. «The Inverell Times», 29 January 1930, and «The Armidale Express», 31 January 1930: a scholarship-winning pupil was «also under Mrs. Sullivan of Lismore, who is better known to musical people as Miss Amelia Franceski».
Dr C. Franceski	—	—	Lismore, New South Wales, Australia	Abroad	undefined · A doctor at Lismore. «The Sydney Wool and Stock Journal», 22 October 1915, guest list of the Hotel Sydney: «Dr. C. Franceski, Lismore; Miss Franceski, Lismore». He travels with a Miss Franceski, unnamed. *A «C. Franceski»* is also on the North Coast district-exhibit committee at Casino in March 1936.**
Caesar Franceski	—	—	North Lismore, New South Wales, Australia	Abroad	undefined · A grower at North Lismore, exhibiting persimmons and olives in the North Coast and Tablelands district display at the Sydney Royal Show. «Northern Star» (Lismore), 24 March 1934.
G. Franceski	—	—	Beverley, Western Australia	Abroad	undefined · A cyclist at Beverley, Western Australia, placing third in the local club's weekly race in October 1934 and again in the two-mile in March 1935. «The West Australian», 18 October 1934 and 5 April 1935 — where an «O. Franceski» also places, which may be the same man mis-set.
Rev. Joseph de Franceschi, C.M.	—	—	Rio de Janeiro, Brazil	Abroad	undefined · A Vincentian priest in Brazil. In 1912 he describes Rio de Janeiro for «The Catholic Advocate» as *«Rev. Jose de Franceschi, C.M.»; in January 1930 the Holy See appoints him Regional Director of the Society for the Propagation of the Faith for Brazil's Third Region, reported in «Freeman's Journal», «The Catholic Press»* and «The Southern Cross». The only named person of this name this archive has found in Brazil, where its own emigration map marks a cluster it has never put a person on.
Annie Amanda Franceski Kean	—	—	Maryborough, Queensland, Australia	Abroad	undefined · Divorced at Maryborough in 1901. «Maryborough Chronicle», 11 June 1901: a motion to make absolute the decree nisi granted to Annie Amanda Franceski Kean for the dissolution of her marriage to John Harvey Kean. Franceski is carried as a middle name here, which is how a maiden surname usually survives in this position.
Richard De Franceschi	—	—	Brooklyn, Kings County, New York, United States	Abroad	Record index · Born 2 December 1932 — and that date is deliberately not printed as his. He would be 94, no death is recorded anywhere, and this archive gives a person who may be living a name and a town and nothing else. The date is in the document and stays in this sentence as the document's statement rather than as his dates. Named as the child of Bruno de Franceschi and Gerda Seedorf de Franceschi on their declaration of intention 284221, Brooklyn, 1939. He is the only person on that paper with no birthplace recorded, which fits a child born in the United States to parents who were not yet citizens. ⚠ Not to be confused with the `Richard Defranceschi` already on this roster from David's MyHeritage tree*, who carries no dates at all: nothing joins the two but a forename, and that is how five women called Maria came to share one infant's burial.* Findmypast, «United States Naturalization Petitions»* — final petition and citizenship papers, New York, 1865–1958; index © IRI, used by permission of FamilySearch Intl.*
Peter De Franceschi	1902	—	Basel, Switzerland	Abroad	Record index · Born 12 January 1902 at Basel, birth country Switzerland — a country this archive has never recorded for anyone of the name. Declaration of intention 318057, certificate 2-147877, in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, 1931 (NARA RG21, publication M1972), with further petitions in 1936 and 1937. Findmypast, «United States Naturalization Petitions»* — final petition and citizenship papers, New York, 1865–1958; index © IRI, used by permission of FamilySearch Intl.*
Francesca Franceschi	—	—	São Paulo, Brazil	Abroad	undefined · Arrived at the São Paulo immigrants' hostel on 22 May 1888, in a household of five entered on consecutive numbers 100927–100931. The mother is entered as «Mãi», married, nationality «Austria», profession «Agricultor», procedência Santos. No husband is on the page. This entry: Mãi — the head of the party, aged 37. The only Austrian national among the seventy-three Franceschi and De Franceschi in the whole São Paulo register, where the other seventy-two are Italian. Istria, Fiume and Dalmatia were Austrian in 1888, so she carries the nationality this family would have carried — and that, rather than anything in the entry itself, is why she is here. No connection to this family is shown and none is claimed. The party: Giuseppe Franceschi · Fortunato Franceschi · Maria Franceschi · Luigi Franceschi. Ages are as the clerk wrote them, so every year here is estimated to about one either way. Matrícula dos Immigrantes entrados no Alojamento Provincial de Immigração em São Paulo, livro 011, page 187, entries 100927–100931; Museu da Imigração do Estado de São Paulo. Register page read from the museum's own scan, 28 September 2026.
Giuseppe Franceschi	—	—	São Paulo, Brazil	Abroad	undefined · Arrived at the São Paulo immigrants' hostel on 22 May 1888, in a household of five entered on consecutive numbers 100927–100931. The mother is entered as «Mãi», married, nationality «Austria», profession «Agricultor», procedência Santos. No husband is on the page. This entry: filho, aged 14. The party: Francesca Franceschi · Fortunato Franceschi · Maria Franceschi · Luigi Franceschi. Ages are as the clerk wrote them, so every year here is estimated to about one either way. Matrícula dos Immigrantes entrados no Alojamento Provincial de Immigração em São Paulo, livro 011, page 187, entries 100927–100931; Museu da Imigração do Estado de São Paulo. Register page read from the museum's own scan, 28 September 2026.
Fortunato Franceschi	—	—	São Paulo, Brazil	Abroad	undefined · Arrived at the São Paulo immigrants' hostel on 22 May 1888, in a household of five entered on consecutive numbers 100927–100931. The mother is entered as «Mãi», married, nationality «Austria», profession «Agricultor», procedência Santos. No husband is on the page. This entry: filho, aged 11. The party: Francesca Franceschi · Giuseppe Franceschi · Maria Franceschi · Luigi Franceschi. Ages are as the clerk wrote them, so every year here is estimated to about one either way. Matrícula dos Immigrantes entrados no Alojamento Provincial de Immigração em São Paulo, livro 011, page 187, entries 100927–100931; Museu da Imigração do Estado de São Paulo. Register page read from the museum's own scan, 28 September 2026.
Maria Franceschi	—	—	São Paulo, Brazil	Abroad	undefined · Arrived at the São Paulo immigrants' hostel on 22 May 1888, in a household of five entered on consecutive numbers 100927–100931. The mother is entered as «Mãi», married, nationality «Austria», profession «Agricultor», procedência Santos. No husband is on the page. This entry: filha, aged 9. The party: Francesca Franceschi · Giuseppe Franceschi · Fortunato Franceschi · Luigi Franceschi. Ages are as the clerk wrote them, so every year here is estimated to about one either way. Matrícula dos Immigrantes entrados no Alojamento Provincial de Immigração em São Paulo, livro 011, page 187, entries 100927–100931; Museu da Imigração do Estado de São Paulo. Register page read from the museum's own scan, 28 September 2026.
Luigi Franceschi	—	—	São Paulo, Brazil	Abroad	undefined · Arrived at the São Paulo immigrants' hostel on 22 May 1888, in a household of five entered on consecutive numbers 100927–100931. The mother is entered as «Mãi», married, nationality «Austria», profession «Agricultor», procedência Santos. No husband is on the page. This entry: filho, aged 6. The party: Francesca Franceschi · Giuseppe Franceschi · Fortunato Franceschi · Maria Franceschi. Ages are as the clerk wrote them, so every year here is estimated to about one either way. Matrícula dos Immigrantes entrados no Alojamento Provincial de Immigração em São Paulo, livro 011, page 187, entries 100927–100931; Museu da Imigração do Estado de São Paulo. Register page read from the museum's own scan, 28 September 2026.
Pascasia de Franceschi, later Calluzzi (fl. 1743–1765)	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · She is the best-attested woman of this household and until today she had no page of her own. Wife of a Jacobo de Franceschi, and named as such in four separate acts of the baptism register and one of the marriage register — which is more than most men of this parish can show. Her children, all baptised at Svetvinčenat — Casparus 1 June 1743, Martina Antonia 28 March 1746, Antonia 20 October 1747, and Victoria 25 March 1750. Four children in seven years. (doc for each.) 29 April 1753 the register names the couple in one phrase — «patrini fuerunt, Jacobus Defranceschi, et Pascasia ejus uxor» — husband and wife together, with no room for a clerk to attach her to the wrong man. That joint line is the firmest thing this archive holds about her. ⚠ Twice the register gets her husband wrong. «Pascasia uxor Caspari Defranceschi» on 16 December 1751 and again on 3 February 1752. She was never Caspar's wife — Caspar's wife is Maria, named as his six times between 1744 and 1749. The clerk wrote the wrong husband for one woman, fourteen months apart, and this archive can convict him because the right answer is known independently. 22 October 1765 she is a widow, and she marries again. «Domenico Calluzzi* q.m Pietro hà contrato il matrimonio per verba de presenti con Pasqua Ved.a q.m Giacomo de Fran-/ceschi in 2di uoti»* — film 005497886, frame 53, the marriage register, read at 2.5×. «Pasqua» is Pascasia, and this is the first time the archive has been able to date the death of any Jacobo of this castle: her husband is dead by 22 October 1765. (doc.) ⚠ Her name was misread here for five days. Until 28 September 2026 her first appearance — the 1743 baptism of Casparus — was published with the mother's name as *«Francisca». It is Pascasia, proved against the same clerk's «Franciscus»* on the facing leaf and his own «Pascasia» nine images on. See /corrections/. It moved her household's start from 1746 back to 1743. Born about 1720 on the arithmetic of her children and her remarriage — estimated, never printed as a fact.
Anzola / Angela de Franceschi (fl. 1737–1739)	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · Wife of a Jacobo de Franceschi, and mother of twins. 26 December 1737: «baptizavit duos infantulos geminos natos hodie mane a Jacobo de Franceschi, et Anzola ejus legitima uxore* ambobus ex hac Parochia, quibus fuit positum nomen, uni […] alteri Antonij»* — two boys born that morning, Gasparo and Antonio. Godparents Natale Zanzevich and Clara, widow of Bartolomeo Braccato. Film 005497885, images 115–117. (doc.) 1 March 1739 she is alive and named again — «Angela* uxor Jacobi Defranceschi». Angela is Anzola, the Venetian and the Italian of one name. ⚠ She sits at the centre of this parish's hardest question.* Within ten months of her twins the register gives «uxor Jacobi de Franceschi» two other names — «Agata» on 10 August 1738 and «Jacoba» on 7 September 1738 — and she is alive on both sides of them. For a while this archive read that as a clerk who could not be trusted about husbands. It now reads it as a parish holding more than one Jacobo, which is the likelier of the two and still not proved. See Jacobo de Franceschi of Svetvinčenat. Born about 1715 on the arithmetic of the twins — estimated.
Jacoba / Giacoma de Franceschi (fl. 1738–1743)	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · Wife of Pietro de Franceschi, and the woman whose name untangled a knot. 25 July 1738 she bears a daughter. «baptizavit unam infantulam natam 25 currentis a Petro de Franceschi, et Jacoba ejus legitima uxore ambobus ex hac Parochia, cui positum fuit nomen Anna Euphemia» — Anna Euphemia, baptised 27 July. Film 005497885, images 115–121. (doc.) And she stands at other people's fonts as «uxor Petri Defranceschi» — 16 February 1742 (image 130) and 29 June 1743 (image 134), both read at magnification. ⚠ Why she matters beyond her own household. On 7 September 1738 the register writes «Jacoba* uxor Jacobi de Franceschi». Six weeks earlier she is Pietro's wife in a full parental entry.* So either the parish held two Jacobas, or — far likelier — *a clerk writing «Jacoba uxor Jacobi»* was pulled by the echo of her own name*. This archive counted her among «the three wives of Jacobo»* for a day before the 1742 and 1743 godmother lines put her back where she belongs. One of the three was never his. See the method note. Born about 1715 — estimated* from her daughter's baptism.*
Francisca de Franceschi, wife of Matteo (fl. 1741–1752)	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · Wife of Matteo Defranceschi of Svetvinčenat, and the mother of the first Defranceschi bride this archive has found. Her children — and this page said «two» until 28 September 2026, when the archive's own households file turned out to know four — Helena, «nata die 5 currentis a Matthæo Defranceschi, et Francisca ejus legitima uxore* ambobus ex hac Parochia», born 5 August 1742; and Irena, born 11 February 1752, «Matthæi Defranceschi, et Franciscæ ejus legitimæ uxoris». (doc for both.)* She is already named as Matteo's wife in August 1741, so the household stands at the castle across at least eleven years. ⚠ Her name is the one this archive misread. On 28 September 2026 the mother of Casparus 1743 was corrected from «Francisca» to Pascasia — and the test that settled it was her own name in Irena's entry, where the clerk's tall crossed F and narrow minims share not one letterform with «Pascasia» at 7×. She is the control that proved she was not there. See /corrections/. Her daughter Helena married 9 February 1766, by which time Matteo was dead. The act does not name her, alive or dead — this parish does not mention a bride's mother. Born about 1718 — estimated. 28 September 2026 — a third daughter. Fusca marries on 17 November 1773* as «filia q. Mathiæ de Franceschi».* Helena, Irena and Fusca — and as at Helena's wedding, the mother is not named, alive or dead. This parish does not mention her. ⚠ A correction this page owed itself. It was written saying she had two known children. [h112] has carried four since before it was written — Helena (1742), Maria (15 October 1745), Victoria (19 September 1749) and Irena (1752) — and Fusca now makes five. The biography was behind the household file, which is the same failure as a correction that does not propagate, running the other way.
Dominica de Franceschi, wife of Vittorio (fl. 1745–1749)	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · Wife of Vittorio Defranceschi, and mother of four including twins. Her children at Svetvinčenat — Antonia 1745; the twins Lucia and Dominico, born in the night of 9–10 February 1748 — «Lucia, et Dominicus filii gemini Victorij Defranceschi, et Dominica ejus legitima uxoris, amborum ex hac Parochia, nati nocte elapsa» — and Maria 1749. (doc for each.) Each twin was given its own pair of godparents, which this register does here and did not do for the Jacobo twins of 1737. One of them carries her name. Dominico is named for his mother, which the parish does often enough to notice and never often enough to rely on. Born about 1720 — estimated.
Maria de Franceschi, wife of Gasparo (fl. 1744–1773)	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · Wife of Gasparo Defranceschi, named as his six times, and the widow who dates his death. 5 May 1744: «patrini fuerunt Dominicus del Corvo … et Maria uxor Caspari Defranceschi» — magnified and read letter by letter, and the first of six such lines between 1744 and 1749. (doc.) 30 March 1773 she remarries: «Joannes Volge, et Maria relicta q.m Gasparis de Franceschi» — the widow of the late Gasparo. (doc.) ⚠ Her existence is what convicts the register twice. «Pascasia* uxor Caspari Defranceschi»* appears on 16 December 1751 and 3 February 1752 — but Caspar's wife is this woman, named as his through the 1740s, and Pascasia is Jacobo's, proved by a joint line in 1753. Because Maria is on the page, the clerk's two errors can be convicted rather than merely suspected. And she brackets her husband's death. He is alive as a witness on 13 August 1766* —* «Gaspare de Franceschi q.m Ant.o ex hoc Castro» — and she is his widow by 30 March 1773. So he died between those two dates. (inf, and only as good as the identification of the 1766 witness with her husband.) Born about 1720 — estimated. 28 September 2026 — her remarriage read at source. Frame 65 of the marriage film carries it in full: «Joannes Volge, et Maria v.da q.m Gasparis de Franceschi, dispensatione obtenta a tribus denunciationibus … testibus R.do D.no Michaele Luciani et D.no Josepho Ligi», 30 March 1773. The entry this page already carried is confirmed on the plate, and the word is vidua — widow. (doc.)
Francisca Marcario de Franceschi (fl. 1743–1753)	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · *A woman named as «uxor Jacobi Defranceschi»* across ten years, and the reason this archive still thinks there were two Jacobos. Her attestations, all godparent lines** — «[Franca] Mar-/:cario uxor Jacobi Defranceschi» on 1 December 1743 (the surname split across the line break); «Franca Marcario uxor Jacobi Defranceschi» on 26 March 1752; «Francisca uxor Jacobi Defranceschi» on 17 December 1752; and «Francisca uxor Jacobi Defranceschi» on 6 February 1753. (doc for each appearance.) ⚠ She is not Matteo's Francisca, who is a different household — though the archive cannot rule out that one clerk confused them, because it has caught this register attaching the wrong husband to a woman twice. What she is for. Pascasia bears Jacobo four children between 1743 and 1750 and is named his wife in a joint line on 29 April 1753. This woman is named his wife on 6 February 1753, ten weeks earlier. One man cannot have both, so either the parish held two men of the forename, or these godparent lines are unreliable about husbands. The archive prefers the first and says so, and today's re-reading moved the whole case onto 1752–53 — because 1743 turned out to be Pascasia after all. See /corrections/. ⚠ And she has never been attested in a baptism. Every line naming her is a godparent line — the weakest object in this volume, and the kind this archive has twice convicted. (inf that she is a distinct woman at all.) Born about 1720 — estimated.
Antonio de Franceschi of Svetvinčenat (d. by 1766)	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · Named only once, and only as a dead man — but the naming settled an identification this archive could not otherwise make. 13 August 1766, among the witnesses to the marriage of Mattheus Razzan and Catharina Percovich: «ac Gaspare de Franceschi q.m Ant.o ex hoc Castro» — Gasparo de Franceschi, son of the late Antonio, of this castle. Film 005497886, frame 55, read at 2.5×. (doc for the patronymic.) So there was an Antonio de Franceschi of this castle who fathered a Gasparo and was dead by August 1766. What it did. Three Gasparos were in play when the 1762 witness was filed unassigned. Two fell on this one word: the twin of 1737 and Casparus of 1743 are both sons of Jacobo, named as such in their own baptisms. The surviving candidate is Gasparo × Maria. *A patronymic did in a line what an argument about «M.ro»* versus «D.no» could never have done. ⚠ He may already be on this site under another row.** The parish holds several Antonios — an Antonio de Franceschi born 1704 among them — and this page does not claim to be a new man, only a man the record names. If a documented link is ever found, this row should be merged rather than kept. (The person is doc; the separation from every other Antonio is unproven.)** Born about 1690 on the arithmetic of a son active from the 1740s — estimated, and wide. ⚠ He is not Antonio de Franceschi, witness 1773, and the dates say so. That man witnesses six marriages at this castle between January and October 1773 and has a grown son, Vittorio. *This one was already «q.m»* — dead — on 13 August 1766. Two men of the name, seven years apart, and the register is explicit about which is which.** Whether they are grandfather and grandson, or uncle and nephew, or unrelated, nothing here says.
Mattio Santalezza (fl. 1766)	—	—	Svetvinčenat · Svetvinčenat (from the Albona territory)	Not placed	Read off the register · The man who married the first Defranceschi bride this archive has found. 9 February 1766, Svetvinčenat: «Mattio figlio di q.m Michiel Santalezza nativo dal Territorio d'Albona ma per il suo domicilio d'anni 12 c.a in questo Distretto di S. Vicenti … hà contrato il matrimonio per verba de presenti Con Elena figlia di q.m Mattio de Franceschi nativa di questo Castello» — film 005497886, frame 53. (doc.) He is an incomer. Born in the territory of Albona (Labin), resident in the district of Svetvinčenat about twelve years, and admitted on a letter of credit the parish had to accept before he could marry here — the register says so explicitly. His father Michiel was already dead. The banns were cut from three to two by the Vicar Capitular of Parenzo, and the two were read on the same day. A second Santalezza marries into the parish the same year — «Josephus Santalezza q.m Gregorij de Territorio Albone», 28 November 1766, to Agatha Obrovaz. Whether they are brothers the register does not say. Born about 1740 — estimated. --- *28 September 2026 — «Mathias Santalezza»* stands witness at his sister-in-law's wedding. 17 November 1773:** Fusca de Franceschi, another daughter of the late Mattia de Franceschi, marries Marc'Antonio Jacomini of Parenzo, and the witnesses are «D. Antonius de Franceschi, ac Mathias Santalezza». Film 005497886, frame 66. (doc for the appearance.) That the witness is this man is inference, not statement — the act gives him no patronymic and no parish. *But «Mathias»* is «Mattio», the parish is the one he married into seven years earlier, and the bride is his wife's sister.** (inf — and it is the same inference, run the other way, that ties Fusca to this household at all.)
Domenico Calluzzi (fl. 1765)	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · He married the widow of a Jacobo de Franceschi, and his wedding is what dates that Jacobo's death. 22 October 1765, Svetvinčenat: «Domenico Calluzzi q.m Pietro* hà contrato il matrimonio per verba de presenti con Pasqua Ved.a q.m Giacomo de Fran-/ceschi in 2di uoti»* — film 005497886, frame 53, read at 2.5× where the surname breaks across the line. (doc.) His wife is Pascasia, who had borne Giacomo de Franceschi at least four children between 1743 and 1750. It was her second marriage — «in 2di uoti» — and his father Pietro was already dead. Why he is on a one-name study's roster. Because his marriage act is the only document this archive holds that dates the death of any Jacobo de Franceschi of this castle, and because the household Pascasia's children grew up in after 1765 was his. Born about 1730 — estimated.
Victoria Trecento (m. 1771)	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · She married a Dominicus de Franceschi, and her wedding was found on 28 September 2026. 10 June 1771, Svetvinčenat: «Dominicus de Franceschi, dispensatis denuntiationibus, Matrimo. junctus est cum Victoria Trecento per verba de p.nti mutuo utriusque præhabito consensu, per me D. Martino Luciani Cap.o ex commissione Parochi, Testibus Marco […] ac Victorio de Franceschi, alijsq.» — film 005497886, frame 61, read at 2× and the groom's line again at 2.2×. (doc.) The banns were dispensed, and the parish priest was absent — the chaplain Martino Luciani married them on his commission. Her surname is unusual here. «Trecento» appears nowhere else in this archive, and nowhere else in the seventy-odd Svetvinčenat marriages read so far, whose surnames run Percovich, Bulcich, Zadro, Venier, Mazzan, Justinaz, Angelich, Milcich, Stancovich. She may be an incomer, and the register does not say from where. Born about 1750 — estimated* from the marriage, and nothing else is known of her.* 28 September 2026 — she died young, and her husband's second wedding is how we know. On 13 January 1779* Domenico is «Ved.o p.mi voti», a widower of first vows, marrying Fosca Placich.* So Victoria died between 10 June 1771 and 13 January 1779 — married at about twenty-one, dead within seven and a half years. No year is printed: the bracket is wide and the death register does not survive on film. (doc for the widowhood; the bracket is all it gives.)
Nicolina Teserati (m. 1772)	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · Wife of Giacomo de Franceschi (m. 1772), and the mother of household [h109]. 10 June 1772, Svetvinčenat: «Giacobus filius Giacobi de Franceschi, et Nicolina filia Nicolai Teserati … juncti sunt per verba de presenti per me D. Martinum Luciani ex comissione Parochi, tribus premissis denunciationibus, testibus D.no Michaele Luciani et Vicentio Vemir alijsque pluribus, addita benedictione.» — film 005497886, frame 63, re-read at 2.2× on 28 September 2026. (doc.) Her father was Nicolò Teserati. ⚠ Her surname is the one word on that page this archive will not guarantee. It has been read as Teserati* and as Teseveti; the 2026 re-reading at 2.2× favours Tes[s]ereti and does not settle it.* The name appears nowhere else in these registers, which removes the usual check — a surname is easiest to read when you have already seen the clerk write it. Her children are [h109], baptised at this parish 1773–1778. Born about 1750 — estimated* from the marriage.*
Antun Defranceski, accounts councillor (fl. 1863–1865)	—	—	Zagreb	Not placed	Read off the register · A Croatian civil servant, and the first man of this name the archive has found inside the Zagreb administration. 8 June 1863 — «Narodne novine» prints the royal appointments: «Računarskim savjetnikom: pregledalac računah Antun Defranceski» — appointed accounting councillor, having been an inspector of accounts. (doc.) 17 January 1865 — «Domobran» prints a subscription list for the singing studies of a Miss Ema Vizjak in Milan, and among the donors of one florin each are «Maurović, Kučenjak, Defranceschi* i Jugović, činovnici kr. gradj. ravnat.»* — officials of the royal building directorate. (doc for the appearance; that this is the same man is inf* — the 1865 line gives no forename, and the two offices are not the same office, though a man could move between them.)* ⚠ Nothing yet ties him to any line in this archive. He is in Zagreb, not Istria or the Kvarner, and the spelling «Defranceski»* is the one this family uses — but so do others.* He is here because a one-name study records the name wherever it is found, and because a named official with a dated promotion is the kind of man who leaves a paper trail worth following. Found 28 September 2026 on the Portal Stare hrvatske novine. © Portal Stare hrvatske novine, Nacionalna i sveučilišna knjižnica u Zagrebu, 2009. Born about 1820 — estimated from a man senior enough to be promoted in 1863.
★The Defranceschi who won the Istrian rural communes, 1879	—	—	Istria	Not placed	Read off the register · In the summer of 1879 a Defranceschi beat the Croatian national candidate in the rural communes of Istria, and two newspapers are still angry about it. «Galeb» (Bakar), 15 July 1879: «U našoj posestrimi Istri izabran je dr. D. Vitezić, dočim je drugi narodni kandidat dr. Klodić* u seoskih obćina podlegao Talijanu Defranceskiju.»* — *«in our sister Istria dr. D. Vitezić was elected, while the other national candidate dr. Klodić was defeated in the rural communes by the Italian Defranceski.»* (doc.) «Naša sloga», 16 August 1879 returns to it at length and without charity, naming the men of the Poreč district who went over «dušom i tijelom za Defranceskia» — body and soul for Defranceschi — and calling them odpadnici, renegades. (doc.) This is the name in politics, on the Italian side, against the Croatian national movement — and it is the first time this archive has held a Defranceschi as a candidate* rather than as a subject of administration.* ⚠ Which Defranceschi is not established. The obvious candidate is Carlo de Franceschi (1809–1893), the Istrian historian and politician, who was seventy in 1879 and whose own page already carries 1879 — as the year of his «L'Istria», and nothing about an election. That is not evidence, only proximity. The province held other men of the name, and this page will not put a face to the surname until a source names one. (open.) Found 28 September 2026 on the Portal Stare hrvatske novine. © Portal Stare hrvatske novine, Nacionalna i sveučilišna knjižnica u Zagrebu, 2009.
Fusca de Franceschi (m. 1773)	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · A daughter of Matteo Defranceschi that this archive did not know it had — and her sister's husband stood witness at her wedding. 17 November 1773, Svetvinčenat: «Marc'Antonius Jacomini filius Andreæ, Parenzensis, et Fusca filia q. Mathiæ de Franceschi, Parochiana hujus Ecclesiæ, dispensatis a denunciationibus, per verba de presenti Mat[rimonio] juncti per me D. Michaele Luciani ex commissione Parochi, addita B[enedictio]ne. Testes D. Antonius de Franceschi, ac Mathias Santalezza.» — film 005497886, frame 66, read at 2×. (doc for the act.) Her father is dead — «q. Mathiæ» — and the banns were dispensed entirely. *⚠ Why she is almost certainly Matteo's daughter, and why «almost».* The act names no mother and no age. But the second witness is «Mathias Santalezza» — and on 9 February 1766 Elena, daughter of the late Mattio de Franceschi, married Mattio Santalezza of the Albona territory. *A Santalezza standing at the wedding of another «filia q. Mathiæ de Franceschi»* is the bride's brother-in-law, which is exactly who a family puts there. (inf, and strong: the same surname, the same parish, the same dead father, and a witness who is already married into the household.) So Matteo and Francisca had at least three daughters** — Helena (1742), Irena (1752) and Fusca — and Fusca's baptism has not been found. She must be born before about 1758 to marry in 1773, which puts her inside the 1709–1764 volume this archive has read in parts. She is not in it yet, and that is worth saying plainly rather than quietly estimating a year. Her husband is an outsider of a familiar kind. Marc'Antonio Jacomini, son of Andrea, of Parenzo — Poreč — like Elena's Santalezza from Albona and Nicolò Corva «dà Cargna» two months later. The castle's daughters married in from the whole province. Born about 1755 — estimated from the marriage alone, and the page carries no birth year as fact.
Marc'Antonio Jacomini of Parenzo (m. 1773)	—	—	Parenzo (Poreč)	Not placed	Read off the register · He married a daughter of the late Matteo de Franceschi and took her out of the castle. 17 November 1773: «Marc'Antonius Jacomini filius Andreæ, Parenzensis, et Fusca filia q. Mathiæ de Franceschi, Parochiana hujus Ecclesiæ» — film 005497886, frame 66. Witnesses D. Antonio de Franceschi and Mathias Santalezza; the banns were dispensed. (doc.) «Parenzensis» — of Parenzo, the Istrian see town, twenty-five miles up the coast. His father Andrea is not said to be dead. His bride is Fusca de Franceschi. Nothing else of him is recorded here. Born about 1748 — estimated from the marriage.
Ante / Antun Defrančeski of Ližnjan (fl. 1919–1920)	—	—	Ližnjan	undefined	Read off the register · Found only because somebody finally searched the Croatian spelling of the name. «Pučki prijatelj» (Krk), 19 December 1919 — a subscription list «sabrao među radnicima u arsenalu», collected among the workers of the Pula arsenal: among those giving one lira, «Defrančeski Antun». (doc.) «Pučki prijatelj», 27 February 1920 — another list, this one «Sabrano u Ližnjanu kod Pule», collected at Ližnjan near Pula: among those giving two lire, «Defrančeski Ante». (doc.) Ante is Antun, and fourteen months apart he is an arsenal worker and a subscriber at Ližnjan. (inf that the two entries are one man — the forename, the spelling and the district all agree, and nothing else does the work.) ⚠ Why he matters out of proportion to two lire. He stands on the Ližnjan line's own ground, in the years it runs through, and no sweep had found him — because the archive had searched «Defranceschi» and «Defranceski» and never *«Defrančeski», the form a Croatian paper would actually print. One diacritic, and a working man at Ližnjan was invisible for a year.* Born about 1885 — estimated* from a man donating out of wages in 1919, and nothing narrower is claimed.*
Gio: Batta Stefanuto da Cargna (m. 1779)	—	—	Svetvinčenat (from Carnia)	Not placed	Read off the register · A Carnian marrying into the castle, a century after the Carnians settled it. 7 January 1779: «Gio: Batta Stefanuto di Nicolò da Cargna* ha contratto matrimonio per verba de presenti con Ant.a figlia del q.m Giac.mo Defranceschi di q.sta mia Parrochia»* — film 005497886, frame 82. Witnesses D.no Mattio Bergamo and Vitorio Defranceschi; the couple were examined by D. Francesco Fabris. (doc.) «da Cargna» — out of Carnia, the mountains this archive's oldest thread runs back to. His father is Nicolò; no parish of origin is given beyond the region. He is the second Carnian on this film to marry into the castle in five years, after *Nicolò Corva «dà Cargna», diocese of Udine, in January 1774. (The pattern is doc; what it means is worklist 136's question.)* Born about 1750 — estimated from the marriage. --- 29 September 2026 — he buried her, and married again five years later. 21 February 1784: «Gioan Battista Steffanutto nativo della Carnia, vedovo della q. Antonia nata de Franceschi» marries Angiola, relitta q. Domenico Galluzzi, both of this parish — dispensed from the banns by letter of the Curia of Parenzo of the 18th. Witnesses Rev.do Pre. Francesco Fabris, Vittorio de Franceschi, and Antonio Sivizico campanaro. — frame 96. (doc.) «nativo della Carnia» — a native of Carnia, said plainly here where the 1779 act had only «da Cargna». It is the same man and the same origin, written twice, five years apart. And a Defranceschi stood witness at his second wedding as at his first — Vittorio here, as «Vitorio»* in 1779.* The castle did not drop him when his Defranceschi wife died.
Fosca Placich (m. 1779)	—	—	Šimuni (Simino)	Not placed	Read off the register · Domenico's second wife — and the reason a 1780 godmother is not who this archive nearly said she was. 13 January 1779: «Ved.o p.mi voti M.ro Dom.co Defranceschi di questa Parrochia ha contrato matrimonio per verba de presenti con Fosca f.a Giuseppe Placich della Parrochia di Simino» — film 005497886, frame 82. (doc.) Her father is Giuseppe Placich, of the parish of Šimuni. ⚠ She is not Fusca de Franceschi. The baptism register of April 1780 gives godparents «Dominicus Defranceschi, et Fosca Uxor ejus», and this archive holds another Fusca — Matteo's daughter, married to a Jacomini of Parenzo in 1773. The 1780 wife is this woman, married fifteen months before. Two Foscas in one parish in one decade, and only the marriage register separates them. Born about 1755 — estimated from the marriage.
Gregorio Defranceschi (witness 1780)	—	—	Svetvinčenat	undefined	Read off the register · A Defranceschi found only because he stood at somebody else's wedding. 11 November 1780: «…la dove esposero il loro mutuo e libero consenso alla mia presenza di Gregorio Defrance[schi]* … Ant.o e di Gasparo Bratulich q.m Vitt.o Campanaro Testimonj»* — the marriage of Zuane figlio di Sime Baglianich of Šimuni to Maria figlia del q.m Michiel Gaspich, film 005497886, frame 86, read at 2.6×. (doc for the name.) *⚠ An ink blot sits on the words between his surname and «Ant.o», and this archive no longer reads them.* On the morning of 28 September 2026 it did: it compared the surviving mark to the undoubted «q.m Vitt.o» on the very next line, judged them the same, and published «Gregorio Defranceschi q.m Ant.o» — a son of a dead Antonio. Seven frames later the same volume proved that wrong. On 13 March 1783 and again on 28 April 1783 the register writes «Capo* Antonio de Franceschi»* — alive, and titled — while marking its dead in the same sentences with «deff.o» and «q.». See the correction. What survives is the name. A Gregorio Defranceschi was at the castle in November 1780 and was asked to witness — which, in a parish where the family had stood at every wedding for twenty years, is what the name meant there. How he was related to Capo Antonio or to Vittorio is not recorded, and is not guessed. Born about 1750 — estimated from standing as a witness, nothing more.
Zuanne de Franceschi, son of the late Giacomo (m. 1784)	—	—	Svetvinčenat	undefined	Read off the register · A son of Jacobo, and the register had never named him until now. 19 July 1784: «Zuanne figlio del q. Giacomo de Franceschi contrasse li primi sponsali con Antonia figlia del q. Antonio … ambi di questa Parrochia … interrogati dal Molto Rev.do D. Agostino de Canavia» — film 005497886, frame 96, read at 2.2×. Witnesses D.n Benedetto Fiorenza and D.n Antonio Zambrasio. (doc.) *⚠ «figlio del q. Giacomo de Franceschi»* points at a household this archive holds — and at a problem it has already recorded. The castle's Giacomo is Jacobo de Franceschi, fl. 1737–1752, whose page is titled «at least two men» for the good reason that the baptisms cannot be made to fit one. Pascasia is his widow, remarrying in 1765; their daughter Antonia marries as «figlia del q.m Giac.mo» in 1779; and here a son of a dead Giacomo marries in 1784. So Zuanne is not placed under a father — he is placed against an unresolved pair.** This archive says only that he is a son of a Giacomo de Franceschi of this parish who was dead by 1784. Which of the two, or whether the two are really two, this act does not decide. (The parentage is doc; the household is not assigned.) He is the first son of that name-and-parish the marriage register has produced. Its daughters were already known; no male child of a Svetvinčenat Giacomo had yet been seen marrying. Born about 1755 — estimated from the marriage, and consistent with a family whose known daughter was born in 1747.
★Anton Defrančeški of Gologorica (1909–1944)	1909	1944	Gologorica	undefined	Read off the register · He was born in the parish this archive begins in, and he died at Dachau. Museum of Genocide Victims, Belgrade — the Yugoslav victims' census, record 2462025028: field · as the register gives it Ime / Prezime · Anton Defrančeški Roditelj · Anton Godina rođenja · 1909 Mesto rođenja · Gologorica (opština Pazin) Mesto boravka 6. aprila 1941 · Gologorica Nacionalnost · Hrvat Godina stradanja · 15.07.1944 Mesto stradanja · Dachau Okolnost stradanja · logor — a camp Učinilac zločina · nemci (doc for the record; the identification with this archive's families is not made* — see below.)* ⚠ Gologorica is the origin parish of the direct line, and on 6 April 1941 — the day the Axis invaded Yugoslavia — he was still living in it. He was thirty-two. He was dead at Dachau three years and three months later. ⚠ This archive does not yet say who he was to the rest of it. His father was also Anton. The direct line's Anton Rudolf Defranceski was born at Klenovica in 1890 and died in 1943 — a different man, and the coast rather than the hill. Whether this Anton descends from the Gologorica household the archive already holds is a question for the Gračišće and Gologorica registers, not for a victims' index. (open.) Found 29 September 2026, on a database this archive had named as an unopened route two weeks earlier* and not opened.* --- 29 September 2026 — Arolsen was searched for him, and the man who looked like him is somebody else. Item 160 asked the obvious question: Arolsen holds the Dachau registers, so a man who died in that camp on a stated date should be in them. He is not — and proving that took disproving a near-perfect false match. What Arolsen offers at first look. A person record: «DEFRANCESCHI, ANTONIO — 31 January 1909 — prisoner 8165», with a personal file at Natzweiler. Same surname, same birth year, the Nazi camp system. It would have been very easy to write him up as this man. ⚠ The file is a cross-reference card and nothing else. Ref 01012902 008.453: an ITS Ersatzkarte reading «DEFRANCESCHI, Antonio 31.1.1909 — see: DEFRANCESCO», recto only, verso blank. The index entry is the archive's own name-authority work, not a document about a person. Following it to the real file settles it, and settles it against. «DEFRANCESCO, ANTONIO, born 31.1.1909 at MONCALVO» — Moncalvo is in Piedmont, two hundred miles from Istria, and the birthplace is written on four separate documents: the Dachau file card (T/D 400385, prisoner 98542/64488), the «Sch.It.» arrival card of 28 February 1944, the transfer letter, and the death report. > «Abgang durch Tod!» — Konzentrationslager Dachau, Häftlingskrankenbau, 7 February 1945. «Defrancesco Antonio, Block 30, Nr. 98542, geboren 31.1.09 zu Moncalvo … Gestorben: 7. Februar 1945 um 6.45 Uhr», diagnosis myocarditis. So the two men differ in every respect that matters. this page · the Arolsen man surname · Defrančeški · Defrancesco born · 1909, Gologorica · 31 Jan 1909, Moncalvo died · 15 July 1944 · 7 February 1945 source · Belgrade victims' census · Dachau camp records They share a birth year and a camp. That is all. (doc for the disproof.) ⚠ One detail of the Arolsen man is worth recording even though he is not ours, because it is the thing that made him look right: his committing authority was Sipo Trieste, and the Dachau entry register gives his nationality as «ITALIAN, YUGOSLAVIAN» — markers of the Adriatic Littoral, not of Piedmont. This archive notes the oddity and does not resolve it; the birthplace is written four times and governs. So Anton Defrančeški of Gologorica is not in Arolsen under any spelling tested — `Defranceschi` (38 people), `Defranceski` (79), `Defrancesco` (8), and none born 1909 at an Istrian place. The Belgrade census remains the only record of him this archive has found.
★Antonio Defranceschi of Vodnjan (1925–1944)	1925	1944	Vodnjan	undefined	Read off the register · One of two young men of the name from Vodnjan in the Yugoslav victims' census, a year apart. Museum of Genocide Victims, Belgrade — record 2465050024: field · as the register gives it Ime / Prezime · Antonio Defranceschi Roditelj · Domenico Godina rođenja · 1925 Mesto rođenja · Vodnjan (opština Pula) Mesto boravka 6. aprila 1941 · Vodnjan Nacionalnost · ostalo — «other» Godina stradanja · 05.05.1944 Mesto stradanja · Sv foska vodnja Okolnost stradanja · NOB i savezničke vojne formacije Učinilac zločina · nepoznat — unknown Sveta Foška, at Vodnjan — a church and hamlet just outside the town. *⚠ The «okolnost»* is the register's own classification and is reported, not adopted.** «NOB i savezničke vojne formacije» places the death in the context of the Partisan and allied forces; the perpetrator column says unknown. This archive records what the entry says and does not characterise it further — the classification of Istrian deaths of 1943–45 is contested, the institution that compiled this index is a party to that argument, and a one-name study is not the place to settle it. (doc for the record as printed.) ⚠ He is not attached to a household here. This archive keeps a Vodnjan line, and these are the right surname in the right town — but the census gives a father's forename and nothing else, and no register page has been read that joins them. Recorded, placed on the line, and not descended. (open.) He was 19 years old.
★Armando Defranceschi of Vodnjan (1928–1945)	1928	1945	Vodnjan	undefined	Read off the register · One of two young men of the name from Vodnjan in the Yugoslav victims' census, a year apart. Museum of Genocide Victims, Belgrade — record 2465050013: field · as the register gives it Ime / Prezime · Armando Defranceschi Roditelj · Gonanni Godina rođenja · 1928 Mesto rođenja · Vodnjan (opština Pula) Mesto boravka 6. aprila 1941 · Vodnjan Nacionalnost · ostalo — «other» Godina stradanja · 05.05.1945 Mesto stradanja · Mune klama Okolnost stradanja · NOB i savezničke vojne formacije Učinilac zločina · nepoznat — unknown Mune, in the Ćićarija hills of north-east Istria. The register's «klama»* is transcribed as written and not interpreted.* *⚠ The «okolnost»* is the register's own classification and is reported, not adopted.** «NOB i savezničke vojne formacije» places the death in the context of the Partisan and allied forces; the perpetrator column says unknown. This archive records what the entry says and does not characterise it further — the classification of Istrian deaths of 1943–45 is contested, the institution that compiled this index is a party to that argument, and a one-name study is not the place to settle it. (doc for the record as printed.) ⚠ He is not attached to a household here. This archive keeps a Vodnjan line, and these are the right surname in the right town — but the census gives a father's forename and nothing else, and no register page has been read that joins them. Recorded, placed on the line, and not descended. (open.) He was 17 years old.
Nazarijo Marfan (1939–2003)	1939	2003	Gračišće	Carnia	Read off the register · Virginija's son, and the last of the family in the house at Gračišće. > NAZARIJO ✱ 7. 02. 1939 ✝ 11. 12. 2003 — on his mother's stone, «F. DE FRANCESCHI — MARFAN», read at full resolution from David's photograph. (doc.) *The 2012 American chart gives «Nazario (2/7/1939)»* as one of Virginija's four children.** The stone agrees to the day. He is the man the album remembers. The writer first came to Gallignana in 1972 and was received by Aunt Virginia; years later «her son Nazario and his wife Mila» gave the visiting American cousins lunch and their own wine, and the afternoon went under the grape arbour. He died on 11 December 2003, and this archive has the date because somebody drove there and read it off the stone. Recorded here as a person for the first time on 29 September 2026 — he had been written about on the eleven for weeks without ever having a record of his own.
Mafalda Marfan (1928–1974)	1928	1974	Gračišće	Carnia	Read off the register · A daughter dead at forty-six, and her stone says who buried her. > F. MARFAN — MAFALDA ✱ 3. II. 1928 ✝ 17. XI. 1974 — the stone beside the obelisk in the Gračišće plot, read from David's photograph, 29 September 2026. (doc for the dates.) The stone is dedicated «GENITORI, FRATELLO E SORELLE POSERO» — set up by parents, brother and sisters, in Italian, in a cemetery where almost every other stone of those years is in Croatian. ⚠ Who her parents were is an inference this archive makes and does not assert. The dedication says her parents were alive in 1974. Virginija died in 1981 and Ivan Marfan in 1986 — both alive when Mafalda died — and the American chart gives Virginija four children, of whom Nazarijo is one. A daughter, a brother and sisters is exactly the shape of that family. But no document read here names Mafalda's parents, and the archive says so rather than closing the gap. (inf.) She was forty-six.
Ivan (Giovanni) Marfan (1904–1986)	1904	1986	Gračišće	Carnia	Read off the register · The man Virginija married, with dates at last. > F. MARFAN — IVAN ✱ 23. VIII. 1904 ✝ 28. II. 1986 — the stone beside the obelisk at Gračišće, read from David's photograph, 29 September 2026. (doc for the dates.) ⚠ That he is Virginija's husband is inference, not record. The album and the 2012 chart say she «married Giovanni* Marfan»* — and Ivan is the Croatian form of Giovanni. He is buried in the same small plot, he died within five years of her, and he is on the stone that commemorates Mafalda under «GENITORI». The archive treats this as a strong inference and not as a fact, because no document read here joins the name Ivan Marfan to the name Virginija de Franceschi. (inf.) He outlived her by four years and two months.
★Maria Micheli (de Franceschi), wife of Carlo (1828–1880)	1828	1880	Pisino (Pazin)	undefined	Read off the register · The historian's wife, and until today this archive did not have her name. > FAMIGLIA de FRANCESCHI — MARIA MICHELI, MOGLIE DI CARLO — PISINO 1828 — PARENZO 1880 Read 29 September 2026 from David's photographs of the family tomb in the cemetery at Gologorica — a walled monument with a cross, the arms in the pediment, and three tablets. (doc.) She was born at Pisino — Pazin — in 1828 and died at Parenzo in 1880, thirteen years before Carlo, who outlived her and is buried in the same monument. Her maiden name is Micheli, and no page of this archive carried it before this stone was read. She is on the right-hand tablet with two of her children, Virginia and Pietro — a mother and two children who all died before their father.
★Pietro de Franceschi, magistrato (1854–1884)	1854	1884	Rovigno (Rovinj)	undefined	Read off the register · A son of Carlo who became a magistrate and died at thirty. > PIETRO fu CARLO — MAGISTRATO — ROVIGNO 1854 — MONCALVO 1884 Read 29 September 2026 from David's photographs of the family tomb in the cemetery at Gologorica — a walled monument with a cross, the arms in the pediment, and three tablets. (doc.) Born at Rovigno in 1854, died at Moncalvo in 1884. ⚠ Moncalvo here is Gologorica* — the Italian name of the family's own village, not the town in Piedmont. He died at home, and he was thirty.* «Magistrato» — a magistrate. He is the third of Carlo's children on these tablets to die before their father, with Virginia at eighteen and Faustina at forty-two.
★Silvia de Franceschi fu Francesco, wife of Camillo (1872–1938)	1872	1938	Gologorica	undefined	Read off the register · A de Franceschi who married a de Franceschi — and the stone says so twice. > SILVIA de FRANCESCHI fu FRANCESCO — MOGLIE di CAMILLO — MONCALVO 1872 — POLA 1938 Read 29 September 2026 from David's photographs of the family tomb in the cemetery at Gologorica — a walled monument with a cross, the arms in the pediment, and three tablets. (doc.) She was born a de Franceschi, daughter of a Francesco, and she married Camillo de Franceschi* — the archivist and historian, Carlo's son.* The surname is on both sides of that marriage, and the tablet records it without comment. *⚠ Born at «Moncalvo»* in 1872 — which is Gologorica*, the Italian name of the village, not the Piedmontese town.* She died at Pola in 1938. New to this archive on 29 September 2026: no page carried her before the tomb was photographed. Whether her father Francesco belongs to the Gologorica house or to another of the name is not established here. (open.)
Franjo Flegar (1872–1940)	1872	1940	Gologorica	Not placed	Read off the register · On a broken slab propped against the wall of the de Franceschi tomb. > FLEGAR FRANJO ✱ 2. 3. 1872 ✝ 19. 10. 1940 — and above him, on the fractured upper half, a MARIJA, «… 6. 10. 1873 ✝ 8. 1. 19[??]», her death year lost with the break. > *«LAHKA IN BILA ZEMLJA»* — may the earth be light and white. Read 29 September 2026 from David's photographs of the family tomb in the cemetery at Gologorica — a walled monument with a cross, the arms in the pediment, and three tablets. (doc.) ⚠ The closing line is Slovenian, not Croatian or Italian — «lahka in bila zemlja», where Croatian would be «laka ti zemlja». In a village that spent the nineteenth century arguing whether it was Gologorica or Moncalvo, a third language turns up on a broken stone. (doc for the inscription; what the Slovenian means about the family is not claimed.) ⚠ And the surname is already in this archive. A Maria Flegar, 1842–1882, married into the name. Whether these Flegars are her people is untested* and wants the Gologorica registers. (open.)* The slab is broken across its top and no longer standing. It is recorded here because a stone in that condition may not survive another decade.
Lucia de Franceschi (1890–1970)	1890	1970	Mione, Ovaro	Carnia	Read off the register · On a De Franceschi stone in the Carnian cemeteries, read from the photograph. > DE FRANCESCHI LUCIA 1890 – 1970, beside MIRAI IGINO 1888 – 1972, each with a porcelain oval. Read 29 September 2026 from David's photographs of the Carnian cemeteries — Ovaro, Mione, Muina and Agrons. ⚠ Which of the four cemeteries this stone stands in is not distinguished in the photographs, and is not guessed here. (doc for the inscription.) She is on the stone under her own birth name, beside a Mirai — one of the daughters this line buried under a husband's surname, which is the pattern already noted at Santa Maria di Gorto.
Igino Mirai (1888–1972)	1888	1972	Mione, Ovaro	Carnia	Read off the register · On a De Franceschi stone in the Carnian cemeteries, read from the photograph. > MIRAI IGINO 1888 – 1972, beside DE FRANCESCHI LUCIA 1890 – 1970. Read 29 September 2026 from David's photographs of the Carnian cemeteries — Ovaro, Mione, Muina and Agrons. ⚠ Which of the four cemeteries this stone stands in is not distinguished in the photographs, and is not guessed here. (doc for the inscription.)
Maddalena de Franceschi (1875–1951)	1875	1951	Mione, Ovaro	Carnia	Read off the register · On a De Franceschi stone in the Carnian cemeteries, read from the photograph. > MADDALENA DE FRANCESCHI 1875 – 1951 and LUIGI GIORGIS 1875 – 1950, «I FIGLI DOLENTI POSERO» — set up by the grieving children. Read 29 September 2026 from David's photographs of the Carnian cemeteries — Ovaro, Mione, Muina and Agrons. ⚠ Which of the four cemeteries this stone stands in is not distinguished in the photographs, and is not guessed here. (doc for the inscription.) Born the same year as her husband and outliving him by a year. --- 29 September 2026 — the stone in full, and it is a family monument. > FAM. GIORGIS — LUIGI GIORGIS 1875 – 1950 · MADDALENA DE FRANCESCHI 1875 – 195[1] · LODOVICO GIORGIS 1901 – 195[?] · SERAFINO GIORGIS · CATERINA MICOLI 1903 – 19[??] — five porcelain ovals in a column down the right edge; and on the ledger slab in front, ANNAMARIA GIORGIS 1933 – 1997 and LUCIA GARETTINI 1933 – 2023. ⚠ Several of the death years are running with damp and are not legible in the photograph, and are left blank rather than guessed. So she is not on a couple's headstone but at the head of a Giorgis family plot spanning 1875 to 2023 — five generations of the family she married into, and a Micoli* and a Garettini married into it after her.* ⚠ A Micoli stands here and a Micoli stands on Amalia's Rovis stone too; the Giorgis, Rovis, Micoli and De Franceschi of these villages married round each other for a century, and this archive has not untangled it.
Luigi Giorgis (1875–1950)	1875	1950	Mione, Ovaro	Carnia	Read off the register · On a De Franceschi stone in the Carnian cemeteries, read from the photograph. > LUIGI GIORGIS 1875 – 1950, beside MADDALENA DE FRANCESCHI. Read 29 September 2026 from David's photographs of the Carnian cemeteries — Ovaro, Mione, Muina and Agrons. ⚠ Which of the four cemeteries this stone stands in is not distinguished in the photographs, and is not guessed here. (doc for the inscription.)
Isabella Dell'Oste, widow de Franceschi (1910–1997)	1910	1997	Mione, Ovaro	Carnia	Read off the register · On a De Franceschi stone in the Carnian cemeteries, read from the photograph. > ISABELLA DELL'OSTE ved. DE FRANCESCHI ✱ 13. 4. 1910 ✝ 6. 9. 1997 — «I FIGLI TI RICORDANO». Read 29 September 2026 from David's photographs of the Carnian cemeteries — Ovaro, Mione, Muina and Agrons. ⚠ Which of the four cemeteries this stone stands in is not distinguished in the photographs, and is not guessed here. (doc for the inscription.) «Ved.» — vedova, widow. The stone gives her maiden name and her married one, which is how a Carnian stone usually records a wife.
★Agostino de Franceschi (1833–1896)	1833	1896	Mione, Ovaro	Carnia	Read off the register · On a De Franceschi stone in the Carnian cemeteries, read from the photograph. > QUI GIACE AGOSTINO DE FRANCESCHI — NATO 28 LUGLIO 1833 — MORTO 15 SETTEMBRE 1896 — MOGLIE E FIGLI POSERO. Read 29 September 2026 from David's photographs of the Carnian cemeteries — Ovaro, Mione, Muina and Agrons. ⚠ Which of the four cemeteries this stone stands in is not distinguished in the photographs, and is not guessed here. (doc for the inscription.) ⚠ His is the oldest inscription in this set, and it is being lost. The stone has been re-used: newer raised letters for Francesco de Franceschi 1887–1945 and Liduina Cecconi 1897–1977 are bolted over the lower half, and Agostino's cut inscription survives only on the weathered upper part. It is legible now and may not be for long. «Moglie e figli posero» — set up by wife and children; the wife is not named.
Regina de Franceschi (1923–2010)	1923	2010	Mione, Ovaro	Carnia	Read off the register · On a De Franceschi stone in the Carnian cemeteries, read from the photograph. > DE FRANCESCHI REGINA — N. 6 - 10 - 1923 — M. 9 - 1 - 2010 — I TUOI CARI, with a portrait of Padre Pio set beside the cross. Read 29 September 2026 from David's photographs of the Carnian cemeteries — Ovaro, Mione, Muina and Agrons. ⚠ Which of the four cemeteries this stone stands in is not distinguished in the photographs, and is not guessed here. (doc for the inscription.) «N.» and «M.» — nata and morta, born and died. She was eighty-six.
Antonio de Franceschi (1860–1942)	1860	1942	Mione, Ovaro	Carnia	Read off the register · On a De Franceschi stone in the Carnian cemeteries, read from the photograph. > DE FRANCESCHI ANTONIO 1860 – 1942 and MARTA ANZOLA 1875 – 1964, «FIGLI E FIGLIE» — sons and daughters — with one oval photograph of the couple together. Read 29 September 2026 from David's photographs of the Carnian cemeteries — Ovaro, Mione, Muina and Agrons. ⚠ Which of the four cemeteries this stone stands in is not distinguished in the photographs, and is not guessed here. (doc for the inscription.) He was eighty-two; she outlived him by twenty-two years.
Marta Anzola (de Franceschi) (1875–1964)	1875	1964	Mione, Ovaro	Carnia	Read off the register · On a De Franceschi stone in the Carnian cemeteries, read from the photograph. > MARTA ANZOLA 1875 – 1964, beside DE FRANCESCHI ANTONIO 1860 – 1942, «FIGLI E FIGLIE». Read 29 September 2026 from David's photographs of the Carnian cemeteries — Ovaro, Mione, Muina and Agrons. ⚠ Which of the four cemeteries this stone stands in is not distinguished in the photographs, and is not guessed here. (doc for the inscription.) ⚠ Not to be confused with Anzola / Angela de Franceschi, fl. 1737–1739 — «Anzola» there is a given name, the Venetian form of Angela; here it is a surname. Two centuries and two grammatical functions apart.
Aurelia de Franceschi (1905–1986)	1905	1986	Mione, Ovaro	Carnia	Read off the register · On a De Franceschi stone in the Carnian cemeteries, read from the photograph. > AURELIA DE FRANCESCHI 27. 8. 1905 – 29. 5. 1986, on the FAM. FELICE stone with Giuseppe Felice (1900–1982), Elio (1934–2017), Isidoro Felice (1940–2023) and Dante Felice (1933–2024). Read 29 September 2026 from David's photographs of the Carnian cemeteries — Ovaro, Mione, Muina and Agrons. ⚠ Which of the four cemeteries this stone stands in is not distinguished in the photographs, and is not guessed here. (doc for the inscription.) Another daughter of the name buried under her husband's, and the stone is still being added to — the last burial on it is 2024.
Vittorio de Franceschi (1927–2006)	1927	2006	Mione, Ovaro	Carnia	Read off the register · On a De Franceschi stone in the Carnian cemeteries, read from the photograph. > DE FRANCESCHI VITTORIO 25 - 1 - 1927 — 6 - 7 - 2006, with a photograph, and Lorenzini Irma 1933–1987 on an open-book plaque at the foot: «Ovunque tu sia sei sempre con noi» — wherever you are you are always with us. Read 29 September 2026 from David's photographs of the Carnian cemeteries — Ovaro, Mione, Muina and Agrons. ⚠ Which of the four cemeteries this stone stands in is not distinguished in the photographs, and is not guessed here. (doc for the inscription.) ⚠ Not the Vittorio of Svetvinčenat or any of the three others of the name this archive holds — a twentieth-century Carnian, and new.
★Sebastiano Soravito de Franceschi (1889–1958)	1889	1958	Mione, Ovaro	Carnia	Read off the register · On a De Franceschi stone in the Carnian cemeteries, read from the photograph. > SEBASTIANO SORAVITO DE FRANCESCHI ✱ 1889 ✝ 1958 and ANNA CROSILLA ved. SORAVITO DE FRANCESCHI ✱ 1900 ✝ 1990. Read 29 September 2026 from David's photographs of the Carnian cemeteries — Ovaro, Mione, Muina and Agrons. ⚠ Which of the four cemeteries this stone stands in is not distinguished in the photographs, and is not guessed here. (doc for the inscription.) *⚠ «SORAVITO DE FRANCESCHI»* is a compound surname*, not a man with two names — a Carnian double cognome in which De Franceschi is the second element.* There are two Sebastiano Soravito de Franceschi in these photographs, this one and the elder, 1852–1936 — almost certainly grandfather and grandson, though no stone says so. (inf.)
Anna Crosilla, widow Soravito de Franceschi (1900–1990)	1900	1990	Mione, Ovaro	Carnia	Read off the register · On a De Franceschi stone in the Carnian cemeteries, read from the photograph. > ANNA CROSILLA ved. SORAVITO DE FRANCESCHI ✱ 1900 ✝ 1990, beside Sebastiano. Read 29 September 2026 from David's photographs of the Carnian cemeteries — Ovaro, Mione, Muina and Agrons. ⚠ Which of the four cemeteries this stone stands in is not distinguished in the photographs, and is not guessed here. (doc for the inscription.) She outlived him by thirty-two years and died at ninety.
★Sebastiano Soravito de Franceschi (1852–1936)	1852	1936	Mione, Ovaro	Carnia	Read off the register · On a De Franceschi stone in the Carnian cemeteries, read from the photograph. > SEBASTIANO SORAVITO DE FRANCESCHI 1852 – 1936 and MARIA ROIA in SORAVITO DE FRANCESCHI 1856 – 1930, «I FIGLI DOLENTI POSERO», with GIACOMINA SORAVITO 1886 – 1967 added below on a later panel. Read 29 September 2026 from David's photographs of the Carnian cemeteries — Ovaro, Mione, Muina and Agrons. ⚠ Which of the four cemeteries this stone stands in is not distinguished in the photographs, and is not guessed here. (doc for the inscription.) ⚠ The elder of the two Sebastianos. The other was born in 1889, thirty-seven years later. A grandfather and grandson is the natural reading and no stone says it.* (inf.)* *«in SORAVITO DE FRANCESCHI»* — «in» is the Italian marker for a married woman's husband's name, where the other stone uses «ved.» for a widow.
Maria Roia in Soravito de Franceschi (1856–1930)	1856	1930	Mione, Ovaro	Carnia	Read off the register · On a De Franceschi stone in the Carnian cemeteries, read from the photograph. > MARIA ROIA in SORAVITO DE FRANCESCHI 1856 – 1930, beside Sebastiano 1852–1936. Read 29 September 2026 from David's photographs of the Carnian cemeteries — Ovaro, Mione, Muina and Agrons. ⚠ Which of the four cemeteries this stone stands in is not distinguished in the photographs, and is not guessed here. (doc for the inscription.)
Giacomina Soravito (1886–1967)	1886	1967	Mione, Ovaro	Carnia	Read off the register · On a De Franceschi stone in the Carnian cemeteries, read from the photograph. > GIACOMINA SORAVITO 1886 – 1967, on a later panel below Sebastiano 1852–1936 and Maria Roia, with her own oval photograph. Read 29 September 2026 from David's photographs of the Carnian cemeteries — Ovaro, Mione, Muina and Agrons. ⚠ Which of the four cemeteries this stone stands in is not distinguished in the photographs, and is not guessed here. (doc for the inscription.) Born thirty years after Maria Roia and buried with them; the stone does not say how she is related, and this page does not guess.
★Corrado de Franceschi (1944–2003)	1944	2003	Mione, Ovaro	Carnia	Read off the register · On a De Franceschi stone in the Carnian cemeteries, read from the photograph. > Corrado De Franceschi — 11. 2. 1944 — 13. 10. 2003, in cursive brass on pink granite. Read 29 September 2026 from David's photographs of the Carnian cemeteries — Ovaro, Mione, Muina and Agrons. ⚠ Which of the four cemeteries this stone stands in is not distinguished in the photographs, and is not guessed here. (doc for the inscription.) ⚠ And he was almost certainly a twin. Egidio de Franceschi, on another stone in the same cemeteries, is born 11. 2. 1944* — the same day — and died in 2013.* Two men of one surname born in one Carnian parish on one day is a twin birth or a remarkable coincidence. (inf; no document read here joins them.)
★Egidio de Franceschi (1944–2013)	1944	2013	Mione, Ovaro	Carnia	Read off the register · On a De Franceschi stone in the Carnian cemeteries, read from the photograph. > Egidio De Franceschi — 11. 2. 1944 — 22. 8. 2013, in cursive brass on pink granite. Read 29 September 2026 from David's photographs of the Carnian cemeteries — Ovaro, Mione, Muina and Agrons. ⚠ Which of the four cemeteries this stone stands in is not distinguished in the photographs, and is not guessed here. (doc for the inscription.) ⚠ Born the same day as Corrado — 11 February 1944 — and buried in the same cemeteries. Almost certainly twins. (inf.) ⚠ And he is NOT the Egidio on the war memorials, who was killed as a civilian in November 1944 when this man was nine months old. A child may well have been named for him. (inf, and no more.)
Amalia de Franceschi (1886–1964)	1886	1964	Mione, Ovaro	Carnia	Read off the register · On a De Franceschi stone in the Carnian cemeteries, read from the photograph. > DE FRANCESCHI AMALIA 1886 – 1964, on the ROVIS stone with Rovis Gio Batta 1841–1892, Giorgis Caterina 1840–1919, Rovis Faustino 1874–1956 and Rovis Guido 1907–1975, three framed photographs set into the foot. Read 29 September 2026 from David's photographs of the Carnian cemeteries — Ovaro, Mione, Muina and Agrons. ⚠ Which of the four cemeteries this stone stands in is not distinguished in the photographs, and is not guessed here. (doc for the inscription.) Another daughter of the name under a husband's — Faustino Rovis, by position on the stone. ⚠ A Giorgis stands on this stone too, as on Maddalena's; the two families married across each other and this archive has not worked out how.
Francesco de Franceschi (1887–1945)	1887	1945	Mione, Ovaro	Carnia	Read off the register · On a De Franceschi stone in the Carnian cemeteries, read from the photograph. > FRANCESCO DE FRANCESCHI 1887 – 1945 and LIDUINA CECCONI 1897 – 1977, in raised letters bolted over the older cut inscription of Agostino de Franceschi. Read 29 September 2026 from David's photographs of the Carnian cemeteries — Ovaro, Mione, Muina and Agrons. ⚠ Which of the four cemeteries this stone stands in is not distinguished in the photographs, and is not guessed here. (doc for the inscription.) ⚠ He died in 1945 — the year the war ended in these valleys, and the year the second memorial in this cemetery closes on: «NOVEMBRE 1944 – MAGGIO 1945». The stone gives no month and this archive draws no conclusion from the year alone.
Liduina Cecconi (de Franceschi) (1897–1977)	1897	1977	Mione, Ovaro	Carnia	Read off the register · On a De Franceschi stone in the Carnian cemeteries, read from the photograph. > LIDUINA CECCONI 1897 – 1977, beside Francesco de Franceschi 1887–1945. Read 29 September 2026 from David's photographs of the Carnian cemeteries — Ovaro, Mione, Muina and Agrons. ⚠ Which of the four cemeteries this stone stands in is not distinguished in the photographs, and is not guessed here. (doc for the inscription.)
Giulia de Franceschi (Pucher)	—	—	Mione, Ovaro	Carnia	Read off the register · On a De Franceschi stone in the Carnian cemeteries, read from the photograph. > ROBERTO PUCHER — GIULIA DE FRANCESCHI — A RICORDO LA CUGINA NENA, one oval photograph of the couple. Read 29 September 2026 from David's photographs of the Carnian cemeteries — Ovaro, Mione, Muina and Agrons. ⚠ Which of the four cemeteries this stone stands in is not distinguished in the photographs, and is not guessed here. (doc for the inscription.) ⚠ No dates at all on this plaque, which is rare in these cemeteries and is why she carries none here. *«A ricordo la cugina Nena»* — in memory, the cousin Nena. The plaque was placed by a cousin and names her by a nickname, which is as close as a stone gets to a voice.
Gio: Batta de Franceschi (1880–1963)	1880	1963	Mione, Ovaro	Carnia	Read off the register · On a De Franceschi stone in the Carnian cemeteries, read from the photograph. > GIO: BATTA DE FRANCESCHI 1880 – 1963 and TERESA COMUZZI 1886 – 1963, «I FIGLI», a carved Madonna and Child between them. Read 29 September 2026 from David's photographs of the Carnian cemeteries — Ovaro, Mione, Muina and Agrons. ⚠ Which of the four cemeteries this stone stands in is not distinguished in the photographs, and is not guessed here. (doc for the inscription.) ⚠ Husband and wife died in the same year, 1963. The stone gives no months. «Gio: Batta»* is the Venetian contraction of Giovanni Battista — the same form cut on the lintel of the house at Gologorica two centuries earlier.*
Teresa Comuzzi (de Franceschi) (1886–1963)	1886	1963	Mione, Ovaro	Carnia	Read off the register · On a De Franceschi stone in the Carnian cemeteries, read from the photograph. > TERESA COMUZZI 1886 – 1963, beside Gio: Batta de Franceschi 1880–1963, «I FIGLI». Read 29 September 2026 from David's photographs of the Carnian cemeteries — Ovaro, Mione, Muina and Agrons. ⚠ Which of the four cemeteries this stone stands in is not distinguished in the photographs, and is not guessed here. (doc for the inscription.)
Umberto de Franceschi (1892–1988)	1892	1988	Mione, Ovaro	Carnia	Read off the register · On a De Franceschi stone in the Carnian cemeteries, read from the photograph. > DE FRANCESCHI UMBERTO 1892 – 1988 and CORVA MARIANNA 1896 – 1979, both with oval photographs. Read 29 September 2026 from David's photographs of the Carnian cemeteries — Ovaro, Mione, Muina and Agrons. ⚠ Which of the four cemeteries this stone stands in is not distinguished in the photographs, and is not guessed here. (doc for the inscription.) He died at ninety-six. *⚠ «Corva»* is the surname of the Carnian who married at Svetvinčenat in 1774*, Nicolò Corva «dà Cargna»* — the same name at both ends of the road, and this archive makes nothing more of it than that.
Marianna Corva (de Franceschi) (1896–1979)	1896	1979	Mione, Ovaro	Carnia	Read off the register · On a De Franceschi stone in the Carnian cemeteries, read from the photograph. > CORVA MARIANNA 1896 – 1979, beside De Franceschi Umberto 1892–1988. Read 29 September 2026 from David's photographs of the Carnian cemeteries — Ovaro, Mione, Muina and Agrons. ⚠ Which of the four cemeteries this stone stands in is not distinguished in the photographs, and is not guessed here. (doc for the inscription.)
Lice Adami (de Franceschi) (1914–2002)	1914	2002	Mione, Ovaro	Carnia	Read off the register · On a De Franceschi stone in the Carnian cemeteries, read from the photograph. > DE FRANCESCHI LICE ADAMI 1914 – 2002, with a photograph and a brass cross. Read 29 September 2026 from David's photographs of the Carnian cemeteries — Ovaro, Mione, Muina and Agrons. ⚠ Which of the four cemeteries this stone stands in is not distinguished in the photographs, and is not guessed here. (doc for the inscription.) The stone runs the married and maiden names together without a marker — *«De Franceschi Lice Adami»* — so whether Adami is her maiden name or a second given name is not settled by the stone. (open.)
Iole de Franceschi (1936–2001)	1936	2001	Mione, Ovaro	Carnia	Read off the register · On a De Franceschi stone in the Carnian cemeteries, read from the photograph. > IOLE DE FRANCESCHI ✱ 20. 2. 1936 ✝ 5. 6. 2001 — FRATELLO SORELLA COGNATO COGNATA E NIPOTI. Read 29 September 2026 from David's photographs of the Carnian cemeteries — Ovaro, Mione, Muina and Agrons. ⚠ Which of the four cemeteries this stone stands in is not distinguished in the photographs, and is not guessed here. (doc for the inscription.) ⚠ The dedication lists who survived her and a husband is not among them — brother, sister, brother-in-law, sister-in-law and nephews and nieces. She was sixty-five.
Ugo de Franceschi (1930–2020)	1930	2020	Mione, Ovaro	Carnia	Read off the register · On a De Franceschi stone in the Carnian cemeteries, read from the photograph. > DE FRANCESCHI UGO — 24. 11. 1930 — 4. 6. 2020, in a wall niche, with a colour photograph. Read 29 September 2026 from David's photographs of the Carnian cemeteries — Ovaro, Mione, Muina and Agrons. ⚠ Which of the four cemeteries this stone stands in is not distinguished in the photographs, and is not guessed here. (doc for the inscription.) He was eighty-nine.
Anna de Franceschi (1925–2022)	1925	2022	Mione, Ovaro	Carnia	Read off the register · On a De Franceschi stone in the Carnian cemeteries, read from the photograph. > De Franceschi Anna ✱ 22. 2. 1925 ✝ 5. 10. 2022, in a wall niche in cursive brass. Read 29 September 2026 from David's photographs of the Carnian cemeteries — Ovaro, Mione, Muina and Agrons. ⚠ Which of the four cemeteries this stone stands in is not distinguished in the photographs, and is not guessed here. (doc for the inscription.) She was ninety-seven — the longest life on any stone in this set.
★Egidio de Franceschi, killed November 1944	—	1944	Mione, Ovaro	Carnia	Read off the register · Killed as a civilian in the Carnian valleys, and his name is cut on two memorials. > GUERRA 1940 – 1945 — CIVILI CADUTI 1 E 2. XI. 1944 — STRADIOTTO ANGELINA · DE FRANCESCHI EGIDIO · FABRIS GEOM. GIOVANNI · FABRIS TULLIO · FELICE GUIDO · GALLO ETTORE · MICOLI ELIO — «F. F. 19 - 9 - 1954», the memorial set up nine years after. > NOVEMBRE 1944 — MAGGIO 1945 — DE FRANCESCHI EGIDIO · FABRIS GIOVANNI · FABRIS TULLIO · FELICE GUIDO · GALLO ETTORE · MARIN ANTONIO · MICOLI ELIO · NOT ANTONIO · NOT LINO · NOT SECONDO · PALMA ELIGIO · PIEMONTE PAOLINO · STRADIOTTO ANGELINA · TIMEUS GUERRINO — a second stone, in a second cemetery, with fourteen names and no separation of soldier from civilian. Read 29 September 2026 from David's photographs of the Carnian cemeteries — Ovaro, Mione, Muina and Agrons. ⚠ Which of the four cemeteries this stone stands in is not distinguished in the photographs, and is not guessed here. (doc for both.) ⚠ His name heads the civilian list on both stones, and on the first it is dated to two days: 1 and 2 November 1944. This archive records what is cut and does not characterise the events of those two days; the Carnian autumn of 1944 is contested ground and a one-name study is not where that is settled. ⚠ He is not the Egidio born 11 February 1944, who died in 2013. That child was nine months old when this man was killed, and may well have been named for him.* (inf.)* No birth date is on either stone, so none is given here.
★Isidoro de Franceschi, missing 1940–1945	—	—	Mione, Ovaro	Carnia	Read off the register · «Dispersi» — missing. He has no grave and no dates, and a memorial is the only record of him this archive has found. > GUERRA 1940 – 1945 — MILITARI CADUTI: SPINOTTI ADOLFO · SPINOTTI ERVISIO — DISPERSI: DE FRANCESCHI ISIDORO · MACUGLIA DONATO · MENEGON ANICETO · MICOLI SISTO — «F. F. 19 - 9 - 1954». Read 29 September 2026 from David's photographs of the Carnian cemeteries — Ovaro, Mione, Muina and Agrons. ⚠ Which of the four cemeteries this stone stands in is not distinguished in the photographs, and is not guessed here. (doc.) «Disperso» is the word Italian memorials use for a man who did not come back and was never found — lost on a front, in a camp, or on the retreat, with no body returned and no date of death. He is listed under MILITARI, so he was a soldier. ⚠ This archive has no other trace of him. He is not in the Arolsen collections under any spelling tried, and not in the Yugoslav victims' census — which would not hold an Italian soldier. The Italian military records are the route, and they have not been opened. (open.) --- ⚠ 29 September 2026, an hour later — there are TWO De Franceschi Isidoro, and this page nearly became both. A further photograph shows the war memorial at Muina, «IN MEMORIA DEI CADUTI IN GUERRA», inaugurated 22 August 1920 and set up by «I COMPAGNI DI MUINA» — the comrades of Muina. It is a First World War memorial, and it lists *«SOLD. DE FRANCESCHI VITTORIO»* and *«DE FRANCESCHI ISIDORO». That Isidoro died between 1915 and 1918. This one was «disperso»* in 1940–1945.** They are a generation apart and they are two men. The First World War Isidoro has his own page. ⚠ Written up carefully because this record was made from a single memorial an hour before the second one arrived, and a name on a war memorial carries no dates to tell two men apart. Where a family repeats a name across generations, a memorial is the easiest place in the world to merge two people.
★Vittorio de Franceschi, killed 1915–1918 (Muina)	—	—	Muina, Ovaro	Carnia	Read off the register · A soldier of Muina, killed in the First World War, on a memorial his comrades raised in 1920. > IN MEMORIA DEI CADUTI IN GUERRA — TENENTE Micoli Umberto · CAP. MAGG. Svander Giuseppe · CAP. Spinotti Giovanni · SOLD. DE FRANCESCHI VITTORIO · DE FRANCESCHI ISIDORO · Stefani Aristide · Stefani Riccardo · Stefani Giacomo · SOLD. Fabris Antonio · Micoli Riccardo · Beorchia Osvaldo · Menegon Leonardo · Lorenzini Giacomo · Lorenzini Michele · CAP. Stefani Antonio · SOLD. Adami Giovanni > INAUG. 22 - 8 - 1920 — I COMPAGNI DI MUINA POSERO Read 29 September 2026 from David's photographs of the Carnian cemeteries. (doc.) «SOLD.» — soldato, a private. He and Isidoro* are the two of this name on the stone; sixteen men of one small Carnian village are on it altogether, with four Stefani and two Lorenzini among them. ⚠ The memorial gives no dates, as First World War village memorials usually do not — only that he was dead by 22 August 1920, when «i compagni di Muina»* set it up.* No birth year is offered here. ⚠ He is not Vittorio de Franceschi 1927–2006, who was born nine years after this war ended. And this stone does one more thing: it names a cemetery. «I COMPAGNI DI MUINA* POSERO»* is the only inscription in the whole set that says which of the four villages it stands in.
★Isidoro de Franceschi, killed 1915–1918 (Muina)	—	—	Muina, Ovaro	Carnia	Read off the register · The first of two men of this name to die in a war, and the elder by a generation. > IN MEMORIA DEI CADUTI IN GUERRA — TENENTE Micoli Umberto · CAP. MAGG. Svander Giuseppe · CAP. Spinotti Giovanni · SOLD. DE FRANCESCHI VITTORIO · DE FRANCESCHI ISIDORO · Stefani Aristide · Stefani Riccardo · Stefani Giacomo · SOLD. Fabris Antonio · Micoli Riccardo · Beorchia Osvaldo · Menegon Leonardo · Lorenzini Giacomo · Lorenzini Michele · CAP. Stefani Antonio · SOLD. Adami Giovanni > INAUG. 22 - 8 - 1920 — I COMPAGNI DI MUINA POSERO Read 29 September 2026 from David's photographs of the Carnian cemeteries. (doc.) ⚠ There are two De Franceschi Isidoro on the memorials of these valleys. This one is on the 1920 stone at Muina and therefore died in the First World War. The other is «disperso» — missing — on the *«GUERRA 1940–1945»* memorial, and has his own page. A name on a war memorial carries no dates, and this archive came within an hour of holding them as one man. No dates are given here because the stone gives none: only that he was dead by 22 August 1920.
Eufemia de Franceschi (1889–1960)	1889	1960	Muina, Ovaro	Carnia	Read off the register · A mother who buried two sons inside two years of each other, both in the war. > PUSTETTO FRANCESCO 1891 · 1978 — DE FRANCESCHI EUFEMIA 1889 · 1960 — PUSTETTO AUGUSTO 1921 · 1943 — PUSTETTO GIOBATTA 1922 · 1945 — CIMENTI PIETRO 1914 · 1990 — PUSTETTO MARIA MADDALENA 1926 · 2015 Read 29 September 2026 from David's photographs of the Carnian cemeteries. Six oval photographs down the left edge of the tablet, one to each name. (doc for the inscription.) ⚠ Augusto died in 1943, aged twenty-two; Giobatta in 1945, aged twenty-three. Augusto's porcelain oval shows him in uniform. That the two young men on their parents' stone are their sons is the natural reading of the order and the surname — and no word on the tablet says it, so this archive marks it inference. (inf.) She is another daughter of the name buried under a husband's — Pustetto* — and she outlived both young men by fifteen years.*
Maria Teresa de Franceschi, widow Fiorencis (1913–2001)	1913	2001	Muina, Ovaro	Carnia	Read off the register · «MANDI MIUTA» — and the language on the stone is Friulian. > DE FRANCESCHI MARIA TERESA ved. FIORENCIS 1913 – 2001 — MANDI MIUTA — and «I TUOI CARI»* cut into the kerb below.* Read 29 September 2026 from David's photographs of the Carnian cemeteries. (doc.) *⚠ «Mandi»* is the Friulian farewell** — goodbye, and also a greeting; the word a Carnian says at parting. «Miuta»* is what her people called her.* So the last line of this stone is not Italian, it is the language of the valley, and it is a nickname. That matters beyond one grave. At Gologorica a broken slab closes in Slovenian; here a stone closes in Friulian; the monuments of Carlo's family are cut in Italian and the Umag slab in Italian too. Four languages across this archive's cemeteries, and each of them chosen. «Ved. Fiorencis» — widow of a Fiorencis. ⚠ *A «Benedetto Fiorencis»* was read on the Svetvinčenat marriage film and set aside as a Carnian family not ours; here is that surname again, in Carnia, married to the name.** This archive notes it and claims nothing from it.
Francesco Pustetto (1891–1978)	1891	1978	Muina, Ovaro	Carnia	Read off the register · Husband of Eufemia de Franceschi, and he outlived her by eighteen years. > PUSTETTO FRANCESCO 1891 · 1978, at the head of the family tablet. Read 29 September 2026 from David's photographs of the Carnian cemeteries. (doc.) He was eighty-seven, and he saw both young men on the stone die before him.
★Anna Kalanj (de Franceschi) (1864–1936?)	1864	—	Ledenice · Klenovica, Vinodol	Carnia	Read off the register · This archive's own great-great-grandmother, and until today she had no page. Baptised entry 2 of 1864 at Ledenice, the Vinodol parish above Crikvenica: «Anna, legitimate, daughter of Josephus Kalanj and Rosalia née Perković, at Klenovica house 22; godparents Josephus Ban and his wife Anna; baptised by Vincentius Segulja, parish priest.» Born 3 January 1864. «Brinjensis Parochiæ ruricolæ» — country people of the parish of BRINJE. (doc — the plate is held here, re-read at 6× on 29 September 2026.) ⚠ Two things in that line were wrong or missing here until today. The settlement was carried in fifteen files as «Rijenovica», a place that does not exist; and the words «of the parish of Brinje» — which say where the Kalanj came from — were carried nowhere. The correction is recorded. And the corrected reading joins two facts the archive already held separately: her son Anton Rudolf was born at Klenovica house 22 in 1890* — the same house, twenty-six years later.* She has a page of her own family now, at Kalanj — made because David asked whether Kalanj deserved one, which is the question that found all of this. ⚠ She appears on the direct line as generation four's wife and she has never had a record of her own — the same failure a photograph exposed for Virginija Marfan this morning, on the spine of the archive rather than a branch. ⚠ And she is the centre of the oldest open question here. The registers name Ana Kalanj in all four Crikvenica baptismal entries of her children. The family's own genealogy gives Josip a wife Ana Grubišić, 19 September 1863 – 28 May 1936, and that is the name cut on the Crikvenica gravestone. The registers govern and the stone is unexplained — and the stone no longer exists: the plot was sold and the monument taken apart, so the photograph of it is now the only record. No death date is printed here, because the only date on offer belongs to a name this archive cannot yet reconcile with hers. (open — the archive's longest-standing question.) Her people are the Blažević Archive's ground, not this one. What belongs here is the join, and the join is her.
Antonio de Franceschi q. Leonardo, of Gologorica (m. 1785)	—	—	Svetvinčenat · Svetvinčenat — «da Gollogorizza»	Not placed	Read off the register · Married at Svetvinčenat on 14 March 1785, and described as a man of Gologorica. > «Antonio q. Leonardo de Franceschi da Gollogorizza Diocesi di Pedena* contrasse li primi sponsali per verba de presenti, con Maria figlia q. Giacomo Corva da Muina Diocesi d'Udine»* The one document this archive holds with Gologorica and Muina in the same sentence. «Diocesi di Pedena» settles the place: Gologorica sat in that diocese and no other Istrian village carries the name. His banns were read by his own parish priest, whose letter of 13 March the archpriest cites, and the Curia of Parenzo dispensed the closed season. ⚠ Identified, on inference, with the Antonio de Franceschi son of the late Leonardo who heads the household at Muina — name, patronymic, a Corva wife of Muina and a son born at Muina in 1788 all agree, but no document yet links the Svetvinčenat groom to the Muina farmer in one breath. (doc* for the entry; inf for the identification.)* The test named: Osvaldo's baptism at Muina, 14 March 1788, if it gives his mother's father. Svetvinčenat marriages, FamilySearch film 005497886, frame 98, carta 55 (image apid `TH-1971-28345-30992-34`). Read 30 September 2026; the place name magnified to 2.4× before transcription. --- ⭐⭐ 10 October 2026 — his father is found, and he was from Carnia. > «45 · *Die 14 Martij obijt* · *Leonardus Defranceschi annorum septuaginta sex, provisus Sacramento Pœnitentiæ per me* Marcum Bancich Parochum, sepultus vero est 15 in *Arca D.ⁿⁱ Petri Defranceschi* in hoc Parrochiali Ecclesia existente. *( : professionis suæ* TEXTOR EX CARNIA : )*» (doc — DAPA* ZM34K-214, M01068977, «Liber Mortuorum II», male sequence, 14 March 1773.)* This row reads «Antonio q. Leonardo de Franceschi da Gollogorizza» and marries him to «Maria figlia q. Giacomo Corva da MUINA Diocesi d'Udine» in 1785. **His father Leonardus died at Gologorica house 45 on 14 March 1773, aged seventy-six, and the register calls him «Textor ex Carnia» — a weaver, from Carnia.* > A weaver from Carnia dies at Gologorica in 1773, and twelve years later his son goes back to Carnia for a wife. ⚠ This does not identify the Muina household as his kin and nothing is merged.** What it does is remove the oddity from this marriage: a Gologorica man marrying a Muina woman is not a coincidence to be explained, it is a son marrying home. ⚠ The identification with the Antonio of Muina stays inf and its named test is unchanged.
Maria Corva, of Muina (m. 1785)	—	—	Svetvinčenat · Muina, Ovaro — married at Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · Daughter of the late Giacomo Corva of Muina, in the diocese of Udine; married Antonio de Franceschi of Gologorica at Svetvinčenat on 14 March 1785. She was living in the parish when she married — «soggetta però alla mia cura spirituale»* — though of Muina by origin, and her banns were read there on 20, 22 and 23 December before.* Her father Giacomo Corva is named here for the first time in this archive, and was already dead in 1785. The Carnia page had this woman only as «Maria née Corva», wife of the Muina household's second generation, with no marriage found and no father's name. (doc for the entry; inf that she is that Maria.) Svetvinčenat marriages, FamilySearch film 005497886, frame 98, carta 55 (image apid `TH-1971-28345-30992-34`). Read 30 September 2026; the place name magnified to 2.4× before transcription.
Maria Defranceschi, daughter of Antonio (m. Contossich 1788)	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · Married twice in four years, and the register follows her through both. 16 January 1788 — «Zuanne Contossich q.m Pietro contrasse i primi Sponsali per verba de praesenti con Maria figlia del S.r Antonio Defranceschi, ambi di questa Parochia», dispensed from the banns by the Curia of Parenzo, witnessed by Antonio Civitico and Domenico Defranceschi. Svetvinčenat marriages, film 005497886, frame 103, carta 60 (apid `TH-1961-28345-33581-25`). Read 30 September 2026. 30 December 1791 — a widow, remarrying: «… con Maria relita q.m Contossich nata Defranceschi». Svetvinčenat marriages, film 005497886, frames 108 and 109 — a loose slip bound into the volume, photographed twice (apids `TH-1942-28345-33643-55`, `TH-1971-28345-31421-52`). Read 30 September 2026; the entry appears on both exposures. The second entry names her by both her married and her maiden name, which is what locks the two together. (doc* for each entry; inf, strongly held, that they are one woman — the parish is small and no second Contossich–Defranceschi couple appears in the thirty-two frames read.)* *Her father is styled «Signor».* That he is the Antonio Defranceschi who led the castle's tenants to their exemption of 1780, and whom frame 93 shows alive in 1783 as «Capo Antonio», fits parish, period and honorific — and is inf, not fact. The register does not say, and there may have been more than one Antonio. Her second husband's name would not resolve and is left unread.
Pasqua Defranceschi, daughter of Giacomo (m. Martincich 1794)	—	—	Svetvinčenat	Not placed	Read off the register · A third named child of Jacobo's house at Svetvinčenat. > Addì 19. Maggio 1794 — Domenico Martincich* incontrò matrimonio con Pasqua figlia del q.m Giacomo Defranceschi.* She joins Antonia, who married a Carnian on 7 January 1779, and Zuanne, who married on 19 July 1784 — all three styled «di / figlia del q.m Giacomo», their father already dead before the first of the three weddings. ⚠ And a Pasqua stands before her. This archive records, at 22 October 1765, a «Pasqua Ved.a q.m Giacomo de Franceschi» remarrying — the widow of a Giacomo. A daughter named for her mother is the obvious reading; it is inf and no more, because the archive also holds that there were at least two men called Jacobo at this castle, and a widow of 1765 with a daughter marrying in 1794 sits at the edge of one generation. Svetvinčenat marriages, film 005497886, frame 110* — a loose slip bound into the volume (apid `TH-1971-28345-31377-21`). Read 30 September 2026.*
Usualdus Defranceschi	—	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · Father of Antonius (b. 14 April 1814) and brother of Leonardus of house 6. Named three times on one page of the 1826 status animarum: in the name column as «Antonius Defranceschi filius Usualdi* et Apoloniæ»; in the adnotatio, which calls Leonardus the boy's patruus* — his father's brother — who «hunc in filium adoptivum accepit»; and at the foot of the page as «Usualdus … pater Antonii», written against a house marked «non habitata». His own house at Gologorica stood empty when the census was drawn. No dates are given for him anywhere in the book. (doc.) Gologorica Status Animarum 1826, Džavni arhiv u Pazinu microfilm ZM34K-214, image M01069328 — read from the family's own copy of the film, 30 September 2026.
Apollonia	—	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · Wife of Usualdus Defranceschi and mother of Antonius (b. 14 April 1814). The register names her once and only in the genitive — «filius Usualdi et Apoloniæ» — so no maiden surname is recorded, and none should be inferred. She is here because she is a named mother, not because the archive can yet say anything more about her. (doc for the name; nothing else is claimed.) Gologorica Status Animarum 1826, Džavni arhiv u Pazinu microfilm ZM34K-214, image M01069328 — read from the family's own copy of the film, 30 September 2026.
Maria Defranceschi	—	1826	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · Raised earlier on 30 September 2026 from the death entry alone, explicitly «not identified with any Maria already on this roster» because a death date and an age will not pick one woman out of thirty. Three hours later the baptism was found and it does pick her out: the arithmetic from the age lands on 20 July 1789, and a Maria Rosalia Defranceschi was baptised at Gologorica on that day. The caution was right and the identification is now documented. Held as the same person as Maria Rosalia Defranceschi, b. 20 July 1789 — the register entry that documents her is cited on that row. The pid is kept and not deleted, because a moved id is a dead URL; `sameAs` is how this archive says two rows are one woman without breaking either link.
Hermenegildus Defranceschi	1803	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · Son of Petrus Defranceschi and Anna née Bembo, born 4 October 1803, entered as «Hermenegildus Filius» in house 1 of the 1826 status animarum. New to this archive. A brace against his row and his mother's reads *«In partibus Venetias … habitant»* — he was living in the Venetian parts when the census was drawn, not at Gologorica. His mother was a Bembo of Valle (Bale), which is very likely where. ⚠ Not the Hermenegildus Defranceschi already on this roster, who is born 10 April 1865 — sixty-two years later, and plausibly a grandson named for him. The two are kept apart. (doc.) Gologorica Status Animarum 1826, house 1 — Džavni arhiv u Pazinu microfilm ZM34K-214, image M01069326, read 30 September 2026.
Catharina Defranceschi, née Sablich (Jablich)	—	1792	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · Wife of Joannes Baptista Defranceschi, and born a Jablich of Buccari — Bakar, on the Kvarner. The Gologorica baptism register enters the couple as godparents on 3 October 1786: «Joh: Bapt. Defranceschi m.p. · Cath. ejus uxor nata Jablich ex Buccari», both *Cives Gollogoricenses. New to this archive in both directions: no Catharina was recorded as the wife of any Joannes Baptista — only two daughters of the name — and Jablich appears nowhere else in this archive.* No dates are given for her in this entry. (doc.) Gologorica baptisms 1784–1880, Džavni arhiv u Pazinu microfilm ZM34K-214, image M01069017, entry of 3 October 1786, house 19. Read 30 September 2026. ⭐ 6 October 2026 — AND NOW SHE HAS DATES. > «Petrus Anicich, P[res]b[yte]r Novacensis · [domus] 36 · 21 maii* [1792] · *CATHARINA DEFRANCESCHI* · annorum 26 · Apoplexia»* (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069233, pages 11–12 of the Gologorica death register.) *She died on 21 May 1792, aged twenty-six, of apoplexy. Born about 1766* — so she was twenty when she stood at that font in 1786 and twenty-six when she was carried out of house 36. ⚠ Ten months before her, the same house buried her daughter. «MARIA ANTONIA DEFRANCESCHI* · mens[ium]* 6 · Vermes», 16 July 1791. *Her husband Joannes Baptista did not remarry: he died a widower in January 1813, twenty-one years later.* The sequence is told here. She was buried by Petrus Anicich, priest of Novaki — the same man who signs this parish's visitation as DEAN in 1808. --- ⭐⭐ 9 October 2026 — her marriage is NOT at Gologorica, and the entry that is probably hers has been in this archive for a week. The Gologorica marriage register 1770–1789 was opened and walked this week looking for exactly this. *She is not in it* — M01068999, M01069002–M01069005, covering 1779–1788, and the unread frames are 1770–79 and 1788–89, when she is a child or long married. ⭐ A bride marries in her own parish, and hers is Bakar. The Bakar household page, published from the FamilySearch indexes, carries: «A separate entry has a «Joannem Defranceschi» marrying *«Catharinam SABLICH»* — either the same man remarried, or a brother.» «Sablich» · «Jablich». One letter, filed on another page as a Bakar puzzle. And the age arithmetic clears it: that page's Catharina was born 1734 with children baptised 1773 and 1776; *this one was seven in 1773. ⚠ Nothing is joined.* The index writes «Joannem» where the line above writes «Joanem Bap.»; no date is quoted for the Sablich entry; no register has been read. The test is one film, already waypointed: Bakar marriages 1739–1857, `9R28-82Z`. Worklist 166. --- # ⭐⭐⭐ SHE HAS A WEDDING — 10 November 1783, at Bakar, in her father's house > «Die 10 9bris pro domo D. Sebastiani Sablich, Nuptiis in facie Ecclesiæ contractis inter *D.ⁿᵘᵐ Joannem Bap.[tistam] [De]franceschi ex GOLLOGORIZZA* et *D. Catharinam Sablich, tradidit D. Parochus Buccarensis* Jacobus Polian, præsentibus Senatore D. Josepho Walis et D. Josepho Smich» (doc — FamilySearch, «Croatia, Delnice Deanery Catholic Church Books, 1571–1926»: *Bakar, Religious Marriage Registers 1739–1808, film 005494714, item 1, image 172 of 226, page 161. Index* `1:1:6Z2F-LSSQ`; image `3:1:3QSQ-G99X-RX3F`.)* *Born about 1766, she is seventeen.* Her first known child died at eleven days in March 1786, twenty-eight months later. Her father · D. SEBASTIANUS SABLICH of Bakar — a generation this archive did not have, and the wedding was held «pro domo» his Her husband · «D.ⁿᵘᵐ Joannem Bap. [De]franceschi ex Gollogorizza» — the village written into the entry by the Bakar scribe Who married them · Jacobus Polian, parish priest of Bakar Witnesses · Senator D. Josephus Walis and D. Josephus Smich — *a senator of Bakar at the wedding* ⭐ And it is not a join made by matching names. The Gologorica marriage register was walked first and gave a clean nil — M01069003 was read entry by entry and covers November 1782 to January 1785. *10 November 1783 falls inside it and there is no Defranceschi marriage on it.* He was not at Gologorica that day. ⚠ HER SURNAME IS CONTESTED AND THIS ARCHIVE IS NOT PICKING A WINNER. Gologorica writes «nata JABLICH* ex Buccari»; Bakar — her own parish — writes* «SABLICH» twice, for her and her father. The home parish ought to win, but a long ſ and a J are a classic confusion and this archive has been wrong about single letters in both directions today. She is recorded as Catharina née Sablich / Jablich until the Bakar scribe's own S and J are compared on page 161. The person id stays frozen — a moved id is a dead URL. ⚠ And this corrects the Bakar page, which read the same entry from the index as «either the same man remarried, or a brother». He is neither. --- # ✔✔ SETTLED, the same evening — SABLICH, and the proof is inside her father's forename This row said neither spelling was declared correct and named the test: find the Bakar scribe writing an unambiguous S and an unambiguous J on the same leaf. The image was downloaded at full resolution and the test run. It did not need the rest of the leaf. line · the words 1 · «in domo D. Sabastiani Sablich» 3 · «et D. Catharinam Sablich» 4 · «Parochus Buccarensis Jacobus* Polian»* 5 · «et D. Josepho* Smich»* The scribe's J, three lines below, rises high and drops a long descender below the baseline, hooking left. The initial of «Sablich» rises, returns to the baseline, and has no descender at all. ✔ And the clincher is inside the name. Her father is «Sabastiani Sablich» — and the two words begin with the *identical letterform. *Whatever opens «Sabastiani»* can only be an S.*** Settled from the entry's own letters, not by staring. (doc — FamilySearch, «Croatia, Delnice Deanery Catholic Church Books, 1571–1926»: Bakar, Religious Marriage Registers 1739–1808, film 005494714, image 172, page 161; custodian Hrvatski državni arhiv u Zagrebu. Image downloaded 9 October 2026 at 5975×4206 and read locally.) ⚠ This does not make the Gologorica entry a misreading. That register writes her «nata JABLICH* ex Buccari», and probably wrote exactly that.* *The discrepancy is between two scribes a hundred and thirty kilometres apart* — an Istrian priest setting down a Kvarner name he had heard spoken. Her family's name is Sablich; what Gologorica called her is Jablich. *⚠ Her row is renamed to «née Sablich (Jablich)»* and her person id stays frozen at the Jablich form** — a moved id is a dead URL, and the Gologorica spelling is how this archive first met her. --- *✔ 10 October — her motherhood of the eleven-day-old Catharina is now doc.* > «36 · Die 12 Martij obijt in Domino *CATHARINA filia JOANNIS BAPTÆ DE FRANCESCHI ejusque uxoris CATHARINÆ, ætatis suæ DIERUM 12, cujus corpus sepultus est in* novo Cœmeterio extra locum per R. D. Joannem Konicich» (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01068993, «Liber Mortuorum II», female sequence, under the year heading 1786.)* That child's row has said since it was made that her parents were inferred from the index and the house. *A second, parallel death register names them both:* «filia Joannis Baptæ de Franceschi* ejusque uxoris Catharinæ». --- ✔✔ 11 October — the Istrian spelling is now proved too, and the two readings are symmetrical.* > 3 October 1786 · «Patrini fuerunt* *Joannes Bapta Defranceschi MARITUS THERESIÆ, et Cattarina nata JABLICH uxor Joannis Baptistæ FILIJ JOSEPHI Defranceschi, ambo ex hac Parochia.» (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01068950, «Liber Baptizatorum II».)* The Bakar register's «Sablich» was proved from inside its own entry — the scribe opens «Sabastiani» with the identical letter, and Sebastian can only begin with an S. *The same test now runs on the Gologorica side:* the J of «Jablich» drops a long descender and hooks left, exactly like «Joannis» two words later and «Josephi» on the line below — same hand, fifteen letters apart. > *Bakar writes SABLICH and proves its S. Gologorica writes JABLICH and proves its J.* So the careful reading published two days ago stands and is now symmetrical: two scribes a hundred and thirty kilometres apart, neither misreading — an Istrian priest setting down a Kvarner name he had heard spoken, and a Kvarner priest writing his own parishioner's. Her row keeps both forms. *⭐ And the same sentence makes her husband's parentage doc* again:** «uxor Joannis Baptistæ filij Josephi* Defranceschi». --- ⭐⭐⭐ 11 October 2026 — three years earlier, and the register says BUCCARENSIS.* > 16 Decembris 1783 · «Patrini fuere* Dominus Josephus Defranceschi, et *Domina CATHARINA DEFRANCESCHI nata SABLICH BUCCARENSIS» (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01068943, «Liber Baptizatorum II», in the hand of the chaplain Joannes Florcich.) Her earliest appearance was 3 October 1786. *This is 16 December 1783, she is* «Domina», and her origin is a single Latin adjective — «Buccarensis» — rather than the «ex Buccari» of 1786. ✔ And a third hand, tested against itself. Florcich writes his own J three times in the same paragraph — «Ego Joannes* Florcich», «Joanne Baptista», «Joannes Eusebius»* — and every one drops a long descender below the baseline. *The surname's initial has none.* *This scribe writes «Sablich».* ⚠ It does not overturn the 1786 «Jablich», which was proved the same way against its own scribe's J. *Both spellings are native to this parish, in different hands, three years apart* — which is why this row carries both names.
Josephus Antonius Defranceschi	1785	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · Baptised 6 January 1785 at house 36 — «Josephi Anton Defranceschi ex Loco», son of Joannes Baptista and Catharina née Jablich of Buccari. Godparents Antonius Couaz and Maria his wife, both Cives Pisinenses — of Pazin; midwife Maria Chrismanich. He had no dates at all in this archive, being known only from a name index. (doc.) Gologorica baptisms 1784–1880 — DAPA microfilm ZM34K-214, image M01069014, folio 2. --- ⭐⭐ 11 October 2026 — the SAME baptism, in a second register, with facts Liber IV does not carry. > 56 · Die 6 Januarij [1785] · «*Admod. R.ᵈᵘˢ CAROLUS COVAZ, CANONICUS ANTIGNANÆ, habita licentia Parochi, baptizavit filium legitimum natum ex* Joanne Baptista, ejusque uxore Cattarina de Franceschj … cui impositum est nomen *Josephus, 5.ᵗᵃ ejusdem mensis natus.» (doc — DAPA* ZM34K-214, M01068944, «Liber Baptizatorum II».) *born* · *5 January 1785* — the day before his baptism, and nowhere else recorded *officiant* · «Carolus Covaz, Canonicus Antignanæ» — the canon who buried Joannes Petrus Defranceschi in 1781 *For 1784–1788 this parish kept two baptism registers and neither is complete.*
Franciscus Antonius Defranceschi	1785	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · Baptised 13 April 1785 at house 31 — son of Joannes Baptista and Theresia née Grach. *His godfather is his mother's own kin and a churchman: «Archipresbiter Grach»* of Cherbune — Krbune; godmother Catharina Defranceschi; midwife Maria Chrismanich*. He had no dates in this archive.* (doc.) Gologorica baptisms 1784–1880 — DAPA microfilm ZM34K-214, image M01069015, folio 3. --- ⭐ 11 October 2026 — the same baptism in a second register, and it says whose wife the godmother was. > 31 · Die 13 Aprilis anno 1785 · «Ego idem Parochus baptizavi filium legitimum natum ex *Joanne Bapta Defranceschj ejusque uxore Teresia* … nomen *Franciscus Antonius. Patrini fuere* D.ⁿᵘˢ Archipresbiter GRAH, Parochus Cherbune, et *CATTARINA UXOR JOANNIS BAPTA DEFRANCESCHJ.» (doc — DAPA* ZM34K-214, M01068944, «Liber Baptizatorum II».) Liber IV gives the godmother only as «Catharina Defranceschi». *Liber II names her husband* — so the parish is separating the two Joannes Baptistas by their women for the fourth time in this book. Theresia bore him; Catharina stood for him. ✔ And the two registers agree on the house: 31 in both. Which is worth something to the renumbering question.
Lambertina Defranceschi (Peschle)	1786	1863	Gologorica · Volosca (Volosko)	Carnia	Read off the register · Born 17 September 1786, and «Ex Volosca» — the town near Opatija that every printed life of her son names. Wife of Josephus Defranceschi, married 3 February 1807; mother of Carlo De Franceschi, the historian this archive leans on, and of nine others. Died 16 July 1863, aged 76 years 10 months. This archive had her only as «about 1786» with no day; the household book gives the date. Her son Aloysius was born at Volosca in 1832 — she went home to be delivered, which is how the «born in Poland»* error was caught.* (doc — ZM34K-214, M01069332 and M01069408.) --- ⭐ 6 October 2026 — her death entry, and it settled an error on another page the same afternoon. > Gologorica deaths, image M01069281, page 104: «1863 Julii 16* · 7 · Lambertina Defranceschi, CIVIS, sep. 17 Jul., munita omnibus s. Sacramentis · 77 · senectus»* *House 7 — the house she kept with Josephus — «civis», all the sacraments, buried the next day.* The register's 77 is the priest rounding the 76 years 10 months this archive computes from her birth of 17 September 1786. (doc.) ⭐ And this entry did work beyond her own row. She was born Peschle and the register calls her Defranceschi — her husband's name. *That single fact disproved a claim this archive had published two hours earlier* about a Defranceschi in the Deprato house, which had assumed the register used maiden names. See corrections.
Clotilda Defranceschi (Ortis)	1834	1881	Gologorica · Novaki	Carnia	Read off the register · Born 12 October 1834, out of Novaki house 2 — «Clotilda uxor Ortis, filia Joannis ac Franciscæ», coming «Ex Parochia Novacis sub N.º 2». Married Franciscus Xaverius Defranceschi — Carlo's brother — on 10 October 1859; died 27 February 1881. Their son Victor Josephus was born 22 April 1862. ⚠ Her surname is written two ways: «Ortis» in the 1826 household book, «Orlis» in the 1894 one. Neither is preferred — the same scribe has not been found writing both. An «Ortis ex Novacco» stands godfather to this family in 1787, seventy-two years before the marriage. (doc — ZM34K-214, M01069333 and M01069018.)
Sancta Defranceschi	—	1792	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · An unmarried Defranceschi woman of fifty-eight, and this archive had no row for her at all. > «Joh. Marinich, Canonicus Gallignanensis · [domus] 36 · 26 aprilis* [1792] · *SANCTA DEFRANCESCHI, CŒLEBS* · annorum 58 · febris putrida»* (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069233, pages 11–12 of the Gologorica death register.) Cœlebs — unmarried. Fifty-eight in April 1792 puts her birth about 1734. She died of a putrid fever at house 36, four weeks before Catharina, the young wife of that house. ⚠ Her parents are not established and no family is attached. The book's index files her under «Defranceschi Joseph · N.º 17», but an index is a clerk's filing decision and she died at house 36. A spinster of about 1734 belongs to the generation of Josephus (b. 1722) and Helena — plausibly a sister — and that is a guess, written here as one. ⭐ She was buried by a canon of GALLIGNANA — Gračišće. The second churchman of that parish to stand over this family inside a decade. --- ⭐ 9 October 2026 — a second, independent entry for her, and its value is that it adds NOTHING. > 26. · Santina moglie q. Andrea Gabaro — 1728 · *Santina Defranceschi, cœlibe, N.º 36, d'anni 58* — *1792* · Francesco Schina N.º 60, d'anni 63 mesi 3 — 1817 (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069209: the obit calendar, under 26 April.) **Same day, same year, same age, same «cœlebs», same house 36 — every particular of the burial entry already held, from a different book. That is why it is recorded: she is the CONTROL. The calendar was opened today and is being used to date people this archive has only from a family tree — and a finding aid compiled after the fact has to be tested against a case that can be checked before its uncheckable cases are trusted. It passes.** [Which is what licenses taking its 1797 for the priest seriously against the register's bracketed [1798]](/person/joannes-mathias-franceschi-gologorica/), and its 1751 for Leonardo.
Catharina Defranceschi	—	1786	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · She lived eleven days, and she is the first of three this house buried in six years. > «Idem · [domus] 36 · 12 Martij* [1786] · *CATHAR[INA] DEFRANCESCHI ex loco* · dier[um] 11 · Debilitas»* (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069229, page 3 of the Gologorica death register.) *Eleven days old on 12 March 1786, so born about the 1st.* The book's index files her as «Catharina, Joanis Baptæ filia» — daughter of Joannes Baptista — and she died at house 36, which is his household. ⚠ Her parents are inferred from the index and the house, not stated in the entry, which gives only «ex loco». Her mother would be Catharina née Jablich of Buccari, who was about twenty that spring. The same house buried Maria Antonia at six months in July 1791 and Catharina the mother at twenty-six in May 1792. The sequence. --- ✔✔ 10 October 2026 — HER PARENTS ARE NO LONGER AN INFERENCE. A SECOND REGISTER NAMES THEM. > «36 · Die 12 Martij obijt in Domino *CATHARINA filia JOANNIS BAPTÆ DE FRANCESCHI ejusque uxoris CATHARINÆ, ætatis suæ DIERUM 12, cujus corpus sepultus est in* novo Cœmeterio extra locum per R. D. Joannem Konicich» (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01068993, «Liber Mortuorum II», female sequence, under the year heading 1786.)* This row has said: «⚠ Her parents are* inferred from the index and the house, not stated in the entry». A second death register, running in parallel, states them.* the entry this row was built on · this entry book · Liber Mortuorum III (M01069229) · Liber Mortuorum II (M01068993) day · 12 Martij · 12 Martij ✓ house · 36 · 36 ✓ age · dier[um] 11 · dierum 12 — ⚠ one day apart parents · «ex loco» — none named · «filia Joannis Baptæ de Franceschi ejusque uxoris Catharinæ» cause · Debilitas · none given buried · — · «in novo Cœmeterio extra locum» by Joannes Konicich ⭐ And her mother is named: Catharina. Which is the wife of house 36, Catharina née Sablich of Bakar — so this child is hers, from the register rather than from the house.* ⚠ TWO DEATH REGISTERS WERE RUNNING AT ONCE. Mortuorum II covers 1770–1789 and Mortuorum III begins 1784; both record this child, with different details and a day's difference in her age. *Neither is a copy of the other.* Anyone reading one of these books alone is reading half the parish's record of its own dead between 1784 and 1789.
Josepha Mariana Defranceschi (1776–1786)	1776	1786	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · Ten years old, of dysentery — and she belongs to the other branch. > «Idem · [domus] 31 · 4 8bris* [1786] · *MARIANA DEFRANCESCHI* · annorum 10 · Dissenteria»* (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069229, page 3 of the Gologorica death register.) *Aged ten in October 1786, so born about 1776.* ⭐ She died at house 31, not 36 — and the death book's index files her under «Defranceschi Joanes Bapta detti Leonardi · N.º 12». **So she is of the «detti Leonardi»* branch, and her entry is the second independent confirmation that casa 31 and index number 12 are the same door*** — after the baptism book's index said so. Worklist 171. ⚠ No parents are attached. The index gives the household, not a father, and this archive does not turn a filing decision into a descent. --- ⭐⭐⭐ 11 October 2026 — HER BAPTISM, AND IT NAMES HER PARENTS. > 15.ᵃ Martij 1776 · «*Josepha Mariana [Defranceschi]* filia legitima *Joannis Baptistæ* ejusque uxoris *Theresiæ, nata et baptizata ad Cherbunam* per R.ᵈᵘᵐ D.ⁿᵘᵐ Joannem Jadreicich, Capellanum Cherbunensem, de licentia ejusdem Loci Cherbunensis Parochi et Archipresbyteri Joannis Grah; patrini fuerunt Joannes Baptista Defranceschi, et Rosalia Defranceschi, filia D.ⁿⁱ Josephi Defranceschi, hujates.» (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01068934, «Liber Baptizatorum II».) **This row said: «No parents are attached. The index gives the household, not a father, and this archive does not turn a filing decision into a descent.»* The baptism supplies the father.* father · Joannes Baptista Defranceschi «q.ᵐ Leonardi», Textor mother · Theresia, filia Antonij Grah ex Parochia Cherbune*, married him 9 June 1774* first forename · *Josepha* — which nothing else records born · at KRBUNE, her mother's parish, not at Gologorica godparents · *the other branch: Joannes Baptista* and Rosalia, both children of D.ⁿᵘˢ Josephus ⭐ The arithmetic is exact. Baptised 15 March 1776, dead 4 October 1786 at «annorum 10» — *ten years, six months and twenty days. ⭐ And it explains why every sweep of this village missed her.* «Nata et baptizata ad Cherbunam» — the entry records an event in another parish and carries no «Ex Domo sub Numero», so the 1770–1781 house-number sweep could not see her.
Joannes Defranceschi	—	1789	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · Seven years old, and smallpox took him on 10 September 1789. > «Idem · [domus] 31 · 10 7bris* [1789] · *JOH: DEFRAN-CESCHI, fil. Ther[esiæ]* · annorum 7 · *Pustulla» (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069231, page 8 of the Gologorica death register.) *Born about 1782. Nothing in this archive recorded him but his death.* ⭐ He is named for his mother. «fil. Theriæ» — son of Theresia. The archive knows one Theresia of house 31: Theresia née Grach, the wife whose family raised the Krbune question. So this is her son. ⚠ Why a mother and not a father is not known — every other child on the page is «ex Loco» or «filius [N.]» — and it is recorded because it is unusual, not because it is understood. Nine days later the other Defranceschi house buried a boy of five. The page is an epidemic.
Josephus Defranceschi	—	1789	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · Five years old, and smallpox took him on 19 September 1789, nine days after the other house. > «Idem · [domus] 36 · 19 7bris* [1789] · *JOSEPH: DEFRAN-CESCHI ex Loco* · annorum 5 · *Pustulla» (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069231, page 8 of the Gologorica death register.) *Born about 1784. Nothing in this archive recorded him but his death.* He died at house 36 — the house that buried Catharina at eleven days in 1786, Maria Antonia at six months in 1791 and Catharina the mother at twenty-six in 1792. Four children and a wife in six years. ⚠ His parents are not stated. The entry gives «ex Loco» and the book's index files him as «Joseph Joanis Baptæ» — son of Joannes Baptista — which is a clerk's filing and is recorded as such.
Catharina Defranceschi	—	1806	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · An unmarried woman of fifty-six, and the register says whose daughter she was. Gologorica deaths, image M01069243, page 30: «Idem Parochus · 36 vetus · 14 novus* · die 12 8bris 1806 · Catharina filia defti Josephi De=franceschi, CÆLEBS ex Loco · 56 ann. · Asthma». Died 12 October 1806, aged fifty-six, unmarried, of asthma* — so born about 1750, daughter of a Josephus Defranceschi already dead by then. (doc.) ⚠ The birth year is NOT declared — fifty-six in 1806 implies about 1750 and an implied year is not a declared one. ⭐ Her entry carries the house number in BOTH systems — «36 vetus», «14 novus» — which is the register's own statement that the village was renumbered, and the only place this archive has yet seen the two named side by side. Casa 36 is one of the two eighteenth-century Defranceschi houses, so this one line bridges it to the later numbering. She is the second unmarried Defranceschi woman this book records, after Sancta, «cælebs», 58, in 1792. Found by the book's own index, which lists her as «Catharina filia q. Josephi — 30».
Maria Defranceschi	1876	1876	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · She was born dead, and she was baptised anyway — which is why she has a name at all. > Gologorica deaths, image M01069293, page 128: «1876 Septembris 24* · 14 · Maria De=franceschi, MERCATOR, die 25. Septembris sepulta est · [female] · above the cause: «in manu baptizata»* · cause: «Nata mortua» «Nata mortua» — born dead. «In manu baptizata» — baptised in the hand, the emergency rite given during or immediately after a delivery that is going wrong. *It is the whole difference between this entry and the stillbirth of 1864, where the name column is a* dash, the child is «illegit.» and the officiant column says «sepulta a mulieribus» — buried by the women. Baptised, she has a forename, a parish burial on the following day, and the parish priest's signature. (doc.) ⚠ The age column is blank and no birth date is given — she did not live long enough to have one. The pid carries 1876 for both years because that is all the register supports. *⭐ «MERCATOR»* — a merchant.** That is a third standing for this surname in this book, beside «civis» at house 7 and «agricola» at house 6.
Grga Defranceschi	—	1931	born Ližnjan (Istra); died Zagreb	undefined	Read off the register · ⭐ Minted 8 October 2026 from a document David was sent by a Defranceschi. A «SMRTNI LIST» — a certified «Prepis» (transcript) of a death entry; the original is in private hands and this archive holds the photograph, which is plated on the Ližnjan page. > «U matici* umrlih hrvatske Staro-katoličke župe sv. Križa u Zagrebu, svez. I, str. 13, br. 17»* > > Died «jedanaestoga novembra, Hiljadu devetstotina trideset i prve» — *11 November 1931* > > «Grga Defranceschi, bravar kod sekcije* Držav. željeznica u Zagrebu»* — a locksmith/fitter with the State Railways section at Zagreb > > Spouse: «Marija rodj. Lovrencin, supruga mu» > > Born: «Ližnjan (Istra)» · Resident and died at: «Zagreb, Mošćenička ul. 12» > > Religion: «starokatolička» ⚠ His birth DATE is cut off at the foot of the photograph — the row «dan, mjesec i godina rodjenja» sits at the very bottom edge. A second photograph taken on 8 October has the same framing; at the edge what may be an opening «17» shows and nothing more. *It is not read, and no birth year is carried here.* ⚠⚠ He was an Old Catholic, not a Roman Catholic — a denomination that appears nowhere else in this archive, with its own registers. And the form itself is re-issued: the printed «KRALJEVINA JUGOSLAVIJA … Banovina Savska» is overstamped «Hrv. st. katolička Crkva · Nezavisna Država Hrvatska», and the purpose is printed across the top: «Za regulisanje penzije kod Financijske direkcije». *So the copy was taken out under the NDH, between 1941 and 1945, for a pension claim on a death of 1931.* (doc.)
★Anna de Franceschi, «Nobilis Pisinensis» (1791)	—	—	Pazin (Pisino)	Carnia	Gologorica pedigree · Godmother at Gračišće on 13 February 1791, and the register grades her «Nobiles Pisinenses» — a noble of Pazin. (doc.) > «Die 13 Febb. … Josephus Pompeus Petrus … pater Dominus Servulus, jugales Martinich; mater Francisca filia Ill.mi Domini ex Nobilibus de Rapicio ex Pisino. Patrini: «J. Bap. de Tranquillis» et «Anna de Franceschi» — Nobiles Pisinenses. Ego Nicolaus de Rapicio, Parochus Pisinensis, de licentia Ill.mi D.ni Archipresbyteri, baptizavi.» DAPA microfilm ZM34K-215, image M01070200, folio 161 — found 9 October 2026 in the sweep of the register's Patrini column, a column this archive had never read. ⭐ WHY SHE MATTERS BEYOND BEING NEW. This archive holds one other noble of the surname in the County of Pazin: «Dominus Comes Damianus de Franceschis», whose son was baptised at the same parish on 25 March 1720 by the Provost and Vicar of the Cathedral of Pedena. *He is in no source this archive holds and has never been identified.* Anna is a second noble Defranceschi in the same small county, seventy-one years later, standing with the de Tranquillis and attended by a de Rapicio priest — and the Rapicio had married into the Martinich of Gračišće. A circle of four Pazin families, with a Defranceschi inside it. ⚠ No relationship to Count Damian is claimed, and none to the Gologorica or Gračišće households. She is recorded as the register gives her: a name, a day, and a rank.
Vincenca Defranceschi (1796)	—	—	Gračišće (Gallignana)	Carnia	Gologorica pedigree · Godmother at Gračišće on 13 May 1796, standing beside «Joan: Bapta Defranceschi», both entered «cives» — townspeople. (doc.) > 13 May 1796, house 208 — Antonius, son of Sebastianus Hoffman and Antonia. Patrini: «Joan: Bapta Defranceschi» and «Vincenca Defranceschi», «cives». Baptised by Franciscus Glogovaz, Professor Normalium. DAPA microfilm ZM34K-215, image M01070209 — found 9 October 2026 in the Patrini-column sweep, and the first entry that showed the archive its Pater-column nil was only half the story. ⚠ The given name is new to this surname in Istria in this archive — no other Vincenza or Vincenca of the name appears in the roster. *Nothing joins her to any household here.* She stands once, with a Joannes Baptista who cannot be the direct line's man of that name, since he was nine years old in 1796.
Joannes Baptista Defranceschi «detti Leonardi» (m. 1774)	—	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · The head of casa 31, and until 9 October 2026 this archive had him only as a byname in a clerk's index. > «45ᵃ Joannes Baptista Defranceschi q.ᵐ Leonardi filius, professionis suæ* Textor, copulatus est cum Virgine Theresia, filia Antonij Grah ex Parochia Cherbune»* — 9 June 1774. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01068999, Gologorica marriages 1770–1789.) *⭐ «detti Leonardi»* was a patronymic all along.** The Gologorica death book's index files a girl who died at house 31 in 1786 under «Defranceschi Joanes Bapta detti Leonardi* · N.º 12», and this archive read that as a byname for telling two households apart. The marriage register writes it in Latin: «q.ᵐ Leonardi filius»* — *son of the late Leonardus.* ⭐ He is a WEAVER, «professionis suæ* Textor»* — the only man on that page of the register who is not «Agricola». Why that matters to the Carnian argument, and how the word was verified against the same scribe's other hand. ⚠ NOT the same man as Joannes Baptista Defranceschi, son of Josephus, born 1752, of house 36 and later 17, widower of Catharina née Jablich. *The same volume distinguishes them nine months apart: that man appears as a witness on 15 September 1773 as* «Joanne Baptista Defranceschi filio D.ni Josephi». ⚠ No dates, no age, no parents attached as fact. A Leonardus Defranceschi of Gologorica died in 1773, the year before this marriage, which fits «q.ᵐ» exactly — but the entry does not date the father's death and more than one Leonardus lived here, so the identification is inf and the link is not made. --- ⚠ SAME DAY — THE IDENTIFICATION OF HIS FATHER IS WEAKENED, BY A SECOND LEONARDO WHO HAS A DOCUMENT. This row reads «q.ᵐ Leonardi filius» against the Leonardus the family tree dates 1697–1773, and called it inf because that year comes from a tree and nothing else. The obit calendar, opened hours later, buries a Leonardo Defranceschi on 2 November 1751 — and on 13 November 1755 a Matteo «figlio q. Leonardo Defranceschi», which confirms that Leonardo was dead and had sons. **A man marrying in 1774 whose father died in 1751 is a man of twenty-three or more. The word «q.ᵐ»* fits him exactly as well.* So the archive now has two candidate fathers: one with a death day and year off a register index, and one with a year off a family tree.** ⚠ Neither is chosen, no parent is attached, and the earlier sentence is left standing with this beneath it — the 1773 reading was never more than inf and is now inf against a documented rival. --- ⭐⭐ A SON, and he is at the house the list predicted. > 45 · «Joannes Petrus Defranceschi, filius legitimus Joannis Bapt[istæ] Defranceschi et ejus uxoris Theresiæ» — 2 July 1780 (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01068965, Gologorica baptisms, 2 July 1780.)* *Six years after the marriage, and the first child of it this archive has.* ⭐ And the house number is the test passing: the house list puts the Defranceschi at 45 and 46, and the sweep's first hit is at 45. ⚠ His later children are entered at «casa 31» in 1785 and 1787 — *one household under two numbers, which is the renumbering problem and is not solved by noticing it.* --- *✔✔ 10 October — HIS FATHER IS FOUND, AND THE IDENTIFICATION IS NOW doc.* > «45 · *Die 14 Martij obijt* · *Leonardus Defranceschi annorum septuaginta sex, provisus Sacramento Pœnitentiæ per me* Marcum Bancich Parochum, sepultus vero est 15 in *Arca D.ⁿⁱ Petri Defranceschi* in hoc Parrochiali Ecclesia existente. *( : professionis suæ* TEXTOR EX CARNIA : )*» (doc — DAPA* ZM34K-214, M01068977, «Liber Mortuorum II», male sequence, 14 March 1773.)* *Leonardus Defranceschi died at house 45 on 14 March 1773, fifteen months before this man married out of that house* — and the 1774 entry calls him «q.ᵐ Leonardi* filius». The two candidate fathers of yesterday are resolved: it is the man of 1773.* ⭐⭐ AND HIS FATHER WAS A WEAVER TOO — «professionis suæ* TEXTOR ex Carnia»* in 1773, «professionis suæ* Textor»* in 1774. *Yesterday this archive argued that one weaver among Agricolae was worth noticing; two in one house across two generations is a trade descent** —* and the father's entry says where the trade came from.* --- ✔ 11 October — the parish priest distinguishes him from his namesake by name, in one sentence. > 3 October 1786 · «Patrini fuerunt* *Joannes Bapta Defranceschi MARITUS THERESIÆ, et Cattarina nata JABLICH uxor Joannis Baptistæ FILIJ JOSEPHI Defranceschi, ambo ex hac Parochia.» (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01068950, «Liber Baptizatorum II».)* *«Joannes Bapta Defranceschi, MARITUS THERESIÆ»* — the husband of Theresia, which is the marriage of 9 June 1774. And in the same breath the other man is «Joannis Baptistæ* filij Josephi». Two men of one name at one font, told apart by their wives, by the priest who knew both.* --- ⭐⭐ 11 October 2026 — five years before his wedding, and his father is still alive. > 24 Septembris 1769 · «patrini fuerunt* *Joannes Baptista Defranceschi FILIUS LEONARDI, et Mathia uxor Pauli Crosgnich, ambo hujates» (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01068926, «Liber Baptizatorum II».) **There is no «q.ᵐ»* here.*** The marriage of June 1774 has one — «Joannes Baptista Defranceschi q.ᵐ Leonardi* filius»* — and the death register buries Leonardus Defranceschi, «annorum septuaginta sex … TEXTOR EX CARNIA», on 15 March 1773, between the two. *Three documents, three hands, and the «q.ᵐ»* appears exactly where it should.** This is also the earliest thing on this row: *he was standing at fonts in 1769, and the parish was already distinguishing him from the other Joannes Baptista by his father.* *✔✔ And the «q.ᵐ»* argument is now tested, not assumed. > 29 Octobris 1773** · «patrini fuerunt* *Joannes Baptista Defranceschi q.ᵐ Leonardi…» (M01068932) **The same scribe writes this name four times: 1769 without the «q.ᵐ», 1773 and 1774 with it** — and the one change falls in the gap where the death register buries Leonardus, 15 March 1773. The absence of 1769 is a statement, not a silence. ⭐⭐ And a DAUGHTER, two years after the wedding — born in her mother's parish. > 15.ᵃ Martij 1776 · «Josepha Mariana* filia legitima *Joannis Baptistæ* ejusque uxoris *Theresiæ, nata et baptizata ad Cherbunam…» (M01068934.) She is the girl who died at house 31 on 4 October 1786, aged ten, whose death entry named no parents — and the two dates agree to the month. *This household's children are no longer one: Joannes Petrus in 1780 and Josepha Mariana in 1776.* His daughter's godparents are the other branch — Joannes Baptista and Rosalia, the two children of D.ⁿᵘˢ Josephus. ⚠⚠ AND A WARNING THAT ATTACHES TO THIS ROW ABOVE ALL OTHERS. > 5 Februarij 1783 · «Patrini fuerunt* *Joannes Baptista DEPRATO, Leonardi filius, et Catharina uxor ejusdem Leonardi» (M01068943) *There was a Joannes Baptista Deprato son of Leonardus Deprato at Gologorica at the same time as this man.* Where the surname is abbreviated, damaged or omitted, the patronymic names both and distinguishes neither. Every identification on this row that rests on «Joannes Baptista … Leonardi» wants its surname checked. ⭐⭐ A FOURTH CHILD, and the trade is written on him a third time. > 35 · Die 12. Augusti 1787 · «baptizavi filium legitimum natum ex* *Joanne Baptista et Teresia DEFRANCESCHJ, conjugibus hujus Parochiæ,* *professione TEXTOR. Cui nomen impositum est* *Joannes Bapta.» (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01068946, «Liber Baptizatorum II».) *His children now number four: Josepha Mariana 1776 · Joannes Petrus 1780 · Franciscus Antonius 1785 · Joannes Baptista 1787. ⭐ And the weaving runs three documents deep* — his father buried «TEXTOR EX CARNIA» in 1773, himself «professionis suæ Textor» at his marriage in 1774, and «professione Textor» here in 1787. ⚠ The house is 31 in 1785 and 35 here. Recorded, not resolved.
Matteo Defranceschi, son of the late Leonardo (d. 1755)	—	1755	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · He is new to this archive, and he gives the elder Leonardus a son. > 13. · Pietro Sepcich — 1647 · *Matteo figlio q. Leonardo Defranceschi* — *1755* (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069219: the Gologorica obit calendar, under 2 and 13 November.) *Died 13 November 1755, son of a Leonardo Defranceschi already dead* — and a Leonardo Defranceschi is buried in the same calendar on 2 November 1751, four years earlier, which fits the «q.» exactly. (doc for the entry; inf that the father is that Leonardo.) ⚠ No age, no house, no mother, and no birth year. The obit calendar gives a day, a name, a filiation and a year, and for this entry nothing else. The register it indexes would give the rest, and has not been read. ⚠ Not to be confused with Mattia Defranceschi, 1731–1797, a tree person of the next generation.
Vittoria Defranceschi, daughter of the late Gio: Batta (d. 1709)	—	1709	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · The earliest dated Defranceschi death this archive holds at Gologorica. > 30. · Antonio Clarich — 1702 · Mattia moglie q. Pietro Sestan — 1724 · *Vittoria figlia q. Gio: Battà Defranceschi* — *1709* (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069215: the Gologorica obit calendar, under 30 August.) *Died 30 August 1709, daughter of a Giovanni Battista Defranceschi who was already dead.* ⚠ No age, no house, no mother. The calendar gives a day, a filiation and a year. ⚠ Her father is NOT the Gio: Batta who died in the 1740s aged seventy — that man was alive in 1709. *There were two Giovanni Battista Defranceschi at Gologorica a generation apart, and hers is the elder, dead by 1709.*
Lucia Defranceschi, widow of the late Gio: Batta (d. 1720)	—	1720	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · A widow, and she names the earliest Defranceschi household this archive can document at Gologorica. > 20. · *Lucia moglie di q. Gio: Batta Defranceschi* — *1720* · Antonio Terdoslavich — 1744 · Maria figlia di Giacomo Zajz, cœlibe, N.º 72 — 1807 (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069210: the Gologorica obit calendar, under 20 May.) *Died 20 May 1720, wife of a Giovanni Battista Defranceschi already dead* — the same description Vittoria carries eleven years earlier. So: a husband dead by 1709, a daughter dead in 1709, and the widow in 1720. (doc for each entry; inf that the three belong to one household, on the shared patronymic and the parish.) ⚠ No age, no house, no maiden name. Whether she was born a Defranceschi or married one is not in the entry — «moglie di» says she married one.
Joannes Baptista Defranceschi of Gologorica (d. by 1709)	—	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · He is named only as a dead man, twice, eleven years apart — and that is enough to put a Defranceschi household at Gologorica before 1709. > 30 August 1709 · «Vittoria figlia q. Gio: Battà Defranceschi» > 20 May 1720 · «Lucia moglie di q. Gio: Batta Defranceschi» (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069215 and M01069210: the Gologorica obit calendar, under 30 August and 20 May.) Two independent entries, a daughter and a wife, each calling him «q.» — so he was dead before August 1709. (doc that such a man existed and was dead; inf that the two entries name the same man, on the forename pair, the surname and the parish.)* ⚠ He is NOT the Gio: Batta who died in the 1740s aged seventy, who was alive throughout. *This archive now has two Giovanni Battista Defranceschi at Gologorica a generation apart, and the standing warning about this village's repeating forenames gains a second instance.* ⚠ No birth, no death date, no house, no occupation, no parents. The register the calendar indexes has never been read and would give his wife's and daughter's entries in full.
Joannes Petrus Defranceschi (bapt. 1780)	1780	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · ⭐⭐ A son of the weaver's marriage of 1774, and this archive did not have him. > 45 · «*Joannes Petrus Defranceschi, filius legitimus Joannis Bapt[istæ] Defranceschi et ejus uxoris Theresiæ, baptizatus est a me* Marco Bancich, Parocho hujus Loci; patrini fuerunt Rev.ᵈᵒ D. Mathias Baxa, Canonicus Titularis Cathedralis Eccl. Petinensis, et Marianna filia Domini Josephi Defranceschi. Omnes Catholicæ Religionis.» (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01068965, Gologorica baptisms, 2 July 1780.)* *Joannes Baptista and Theresia are the couple married on 9 June 1774* — he «q.ᵐ Leonardi filius» and a weaver, she «filia Antonij Grah ex Parochia Cherbune». This is their eldest recorded child, six years into the marriage. ⭐ And he is at HOUSE 45 — the number the house list gives the Defranceschi. ⚠ The same couple's later children are at «casa 31» in 1785 and 1787. *One household, two numbers, five years apart* — which is the renumbering and is recorded as a question, not an answer. ⚠ No birth date, no death, nothing after this entry. He is named for the Giovanni Pietro who died at eighty-six the following year, on the archive's reading — inf, on the forename pair and the parish.
Marianna Defranceschi, wife of Joannes Andreas Nicolò de Castro Rozzi	—	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Read off the register · A second daughter for Josephus, whose entire roster row was the word «Dominus» this morning. > «patrini fuerunt Rev.ᵈᵒ D. Mathias Baxa … et* *Marianna filia Domini Josephi Defranceschi» (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01068965, Gologorica baptisms, 2 July 1780.)* *Standing godmother at the baptism of Joannes Petrus on 2 July 1780, beside a titular canon of Pedena cathedral.* ⭐ She joins Margarita, who died on 22 April 1783 as «filia Josephi et Hellenæ jugalium de Franceschi» — *so Josephus had at least two daughters, and both are new to this archive today.* ⚠ No age, no dates, no house, and nothing else anywhere. The entry gives her father and her presence. ⚠ That her father is the documented Josephus, the merchant of house 36 is inf — the same argument as for Margarita: he is styled «Dominus», he is the Josephus this archive places here, and the only rival of the name was still alive in 1787. --- # ⭐⭐⭐ 10 October, later — SHE IS MARRIED INTO THE CASTLE OF ROČ, AND SHE HAS A SON > Die 20 Junij · «*Antonius Aloysius Nicolò* natus die 12 Junij, filius legitimus Domini *Joannis Andreæ Nicolò DE CASTRO ROZZI, et MARIANNA ejus uxoris, FILIA DOMINI JOSEPHI DEFRANCESCHI, baptizatus est a* *R.ᵐᵒ D.ⁿᵒ MATHIA DEFRANCESCHI, Canonico TITULARI Cathedralis Ecclesiæ PETINENSIS, de licentia Parochi … R.ᵐᵘˢ Marcus Bancich Archipresbyteri; patrini fuerunt D.ⁿᵘˢ* Joannes Baptista Defranceschi, et Maria uxor D.ⁿⁱ Antonij Covaz Pisinensis.» (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01068940, «Liber Baptizatorum II», 20 June 1781.)* her husband · *Dominus Joannes Andreas Nicolò DE CASTRO ROZZI* — of the castle of Roč (Rozzo), fifteen kilometres north her son · *Antonius Aloysius Nicolò, born* 12 June 1781, baptised the 20th who baptised him · *R.ᵐᵘˢ Mathias Defranceschi, Titular Canon of Pedena cathedral, by licence of the parish priest* godfather · D.ⁿᵘˢ Joannes Baptista Defranceschi — her brother godmother · Maria, wife of D.ⁿⁱ Antonius Covaz of Pazin *A daughter of this house married a lord of Castel Roč, and a Defranceschi canon of Pedena cathedral baptised the child, with her brother standing godfather.* That is the whole family's standing in one paragraph, and yesterday this woman was a name in a godparent list. ⚠ Her row is renamed and her pid stays frozen. A moved id is a dead URL. ⚠ No marriage date, no birth, no death. The entry gives her a husband, a son and a father; everything else about her is still unknown. ⭐ 11 October 2026 — ten months earlier. > 24 Septembris 1779 · «patrini fuerunt* Antonius Marion, et *[Marianna] filia D.ⁿⁱ Josephi Defranceschi» (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01068939, «Liber Baptizatorum II».) Her earliest appearance was 2 July 1780. *This is 24 September 1779, and her father carries the same* «D.ⁿᵘˢ» — who in the same book is written «MERCATOR».
★Joannes Baptista Defranceschi, Supanus of Gologorica (d. by 1764)	—	—	Gologorica · Gologorica, Istra	Carnia	Read off the register · He is the ŽUPAN of Gologorica — the headman the absentee lord governed the village through — and until this morning the archive had him only as a title attached to somebody else's death entry. > 26 Aprilis 1764 · «patrini fuere* D.ⁿᵘˢ Matheus Flegar, et *Domina Supana Joanna vidua defuncti D.ⁿⁱ Supani JOANNIS BAPTISTÆ DEFRANCESCHI» (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01068918, the first text page of «Liber Baptizatorum II», in the hand of Marcus Bancich.) ⭐ His own parish writes his forename pair. His widow's burial in 1774 calls him only «Supani Joannis Defranceschi», and this archive's note on her row says in as many words that the full form had to be carried in from the Gračišće registers. *It no longer does.* ⭐ And he was dead by 26 April 1764 — the burial of his widow gives no date for him at all. This is the only terminus the archive has for him. style · «Supanus» · «Dominus» wife · Joanna, died 20 April 1774, aged ninety circiter, who survived him by at least ten years and kept the title «Supana» house · 46 — the second Defranceschi house on the 1770 list, whose struck first head is a «Joannes» grave · his family's «Arca» under the floor of the parish church, where his widow was buried and where his daughter Margaretta was laid «in Arca Parentuum» in 1783 death · ⚠ not found. Before 26 April 1764, and the obit calendar has been swept without him. ⚠⚠ THREE MEN OF THIS NAME, AND NO ROW IS MERGED. One was dead by August 1709, with a wife Lucia and a daughter Vittoria — not this man: Lucia was still «moglie di q. Gio: Batta» in 1720, and a man does not leave two widows who each outlive him by decades. A third is carried as «the elder, died 1767» on a tree and nothing else. ⚠ A man dead in 1767 cannot be «defuncti» in April 1764 — but a tree year is an interval, not a point, so the collision is recorded and left open rather than decided. ⚠ No parentage, no children attached. The Zagreb librarians' account makes the župan's son Gian Pietro the Belgian lord's tax-collector, and the arithmetic of that join is already flagged on his wife's row. Nothing is hung on it here. --- ⭐⭐ Within the hour, two more constructions. The forename pair is not one reading. 26 Apr 1764 · M01068918 · «Domina Supana Joanna vidua defuncti D.ⁿⁱ Supani* *Joannis Baptistæ Defranceschi» 24 Sep 1765 · M01068919 · «Joanna uxor defuncti Supani* *Joannis Baptistæ Defranceschi» 14 Feb 1767 · M01068921 · «Joanna uxor defuncti Supani* *Joannis Baptistæ Defranceschi» (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, all three in the hand of Marcus Bancich; told in full here.) ⭐ And the office did not stay in the house. On 16 December 1764, eight months after he is first entered «defuncti», the register christens a daughter of «Supani Martini et Mariæ jugalium Udovcich Gospood» — and Josephus Defranceschi stands as her godfather. ⚠ What the register shows is a title held by another man at that date, not a succession list. ✔ A fourth construction, 5 February 1770. > «patrini fuerunt* Simon Bugich ex territorio Boruti, et *Joanna vidua defuncti Joannis Baptistæ Defranceschi, hujas» (M01068926) The forename pair now stands on four entries — 1764, 1765, 1767, 1770 — and his widow is a godmother in all four, at about eighty-six in the last.
Joannes Baptista Defranceschi (bapt. 1787)	1787	—	Gologorica · Gologorica, Istra	Carnia	Read off the register · The fourth child of the weaver's house, and new to this archive in every particular. > 35 · Die 12. Augusti 1787 · «Ego idem Parochus hujus loci baptizavi filium legitimum natum ex *Joanne Baptista et Teresia DEFRANCESCHJ, conjugibus hujus Parochiæ,* *professione TEXTOR. Cui nomen impositum est* *Joannes Bapta. Patrini fuerunt* Mathias Ortis filius Joannis Baptistæ, Textoris, ex Novacco, et vidua Maria Orlich ex Pisino.» (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01068946, «Liber Baptizatorum II», the male sequence of 1787.) father · Joannes Baptista Defranceschi «q.ᵐ Leonardi», entered here «professione Textor» mother · Theresia, née Grah of Krbune house · 35 ⚠ — the same household is at 31 in April 1785, in two registers. Recorded, not resolved. godfather · the son of another weaver, out of Novaki godmother · a widow of Pazin ⭐ He is named for his father, and he is the fourth of four children this week has given that marriage — where the archive began the week believing the house produced one child in eleven years. ⚠ Nothing after his baptism. Liber Baptizatorum II ends thirteen months later; the death registers have not been walked for him.
Ruža / Rosa Defranceschi (Salamon)	1854	1898	Gologorica	Carnia	Gologorica pedigree · ⭐⭐⭐ She married three Defranceschi brothers in succession, and this archive did not have her at all. > Gologorica Status Animarum 1862, household 6 (M01069446): «Rosa uxor n. Salamon» · n. 13 Aug 1854 · d. 17/6 1898 > Matrimonii, three numbered dates: «I. 18 Febr. 1878» · «II. 5 Febr. 1883» · «III. 26 Oct. 1887» > Profectus: «Vidua † Joanis» — widow of the late Joannes The three dates are the marriages of three sons of Antonius Defranceschi (1814–1893) and Francisca née Defranceschi: Joannes Baptista (1842–1880), Franciscus (1854–1884), and Antonius (b. 1855). *Widowed twice before she was thirty-four, and both times she married the next brother.* ✔ The clerk writes it out himself on the following line — «Defranceschi Antonius* … *Antonii, III. vir Rosae n. Salamon» — and Antonius's row in the parent household carries «za Ružo Defranceschi n. Salamon». Told here. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069446, Gologorica Status Animarum 1862.)
Maria Aloysia Defranceschi	1880	1909	Gologorica	Carnia	Gologorica pedigree · ⚠⚠ TWO ROWS, ONE WOMAN — joined 11 October 2026, and the duplicate was mine. This archive carries her twice: `maria-luigia-defranceschi-1880` («Maria Luigia», b. 1880, d. 1909, «Gračišće, Istria», off the MyHeritage tree, empty note) and `maria-luizia-defranceschi-1880` («Maria Aloysia», minted from the register on 11 October). *I minted the second without checking for the first, which is the one thing this archive's rules ask first.* ✔ They are the same woman, and the two sources corroborate each other. The 1862 book enters her «nata a Gollignana» — born at Gračišće on 12 September 1880, three days after her father Joannes Baptista died — and the tree, which knew nothing of that register, places her at Gračišće. The tree adds a death of 1909. ⚠ On the name, both forms are right. «Luigia» is the Italian of «Aloysia», and the books write each — «Maria, Luigia» in the 1894 census, «Maria-Aloysia» in the 1862 recap, «Maria Luizia» in the cramped household entry. No form is preferred.* *Both ids are kept and frozen; neither is merged away, and this note is the join.* Told here. --- ⚠ Name corrected 11 October 2026 — she is «Maria-Aloysia», not «Maria Luizia». The book's own genealogical recap (M01069550) writes it out plainly where the household entry was cramped; the misreading was this archive's own, made the same morning. *The pid keeps its minted form.* --- Born at GRAČIŠĆE on 12 September 1880 — three days after her father died. > Gologorica Status Animarum 1862 (M01069446): «Maria Luizia* filia, *nata a Gollignana» · n. 12/9/80 · Adnotatio «Nota 16/9/80» Daughter of Joannes Baptista Defranceschi, who died 9 September 1880, and of Ruža née Salamon. *A posthumous child, and her mother went to Gallignana to bear her.* (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069446, Gologorica Status Animarum 1862.)
Ferdinand Roman Defranceschi	1887	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Gologorica pedigree · Born 6 November 1887, eleven days after his parents married. > Gologorica Status Animarum 1862 (M01069446): «Ferdinand Roman» · n. 6. Nov. 1887 Son of Antonius Defranceschi (b. 3 Feb 1855) and Ruža née Salamon, married 26 October 1887 — *her third marriage, to the third of three brothers. (doc — DAPA* ZM34K-214, M01069446, Gologorica Status Animarum 1862.)
Aloysius Joannes Defranceschi	1890	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Gologorica pedigree · Born 9 December 1890. > Gologorica Status Animarum 1862 (M01069446): «Aloysius-Joannes» · n. 9 Dec. 1890 Son of Antonius Defranceschi and Ruža née Salamon. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069446, Gologorica Status Animarum 1862.) ⚠ A namesake, and the two are NOT merged. This archive already carries an «Aloysius Joannes Defranceschi, b. 1890» at Pula, line «south», off the MyHeritage tree with an empty note. *Same name, same year, different parish and different line.* The id-minting tool treats a shared name in different parishes as two people and it is followed here, but the coincidence is recorded rather than buried: if one of them turns out to be the other, this note is where the question starts.*
Hector Ruggierus Defranceschi	1896	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Gologorica pedigree · ⭐⭐ HIS PARENTS, 11 October 2026 — minted yesterday with none, and the 1894 census supplies them. > Gologorica Status Animarum 1894 (M01069590): «Defranceschi Antonius, III vir Rosae n. Salamon» · Filii Antonii: Ferdinandus Romanus · Aloysius Joannes · «Hector» Son of Antonius Defranceschi (b. 3 Feb 1855) and Ruža née Salamon — *by her third marriage, to the third of three brothers she married in turn. His brothers are* Ferdinandus Romanus (b. 6 Nov 1887) and Aloysius Joannes (b. 9 Dec 1890); his sisters Estella Ida (b. 11 Apr 1893) and Ida-Rosa. Told here. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069590, Gologorica Status Animarum 1894.) --- ⭐ New to this archive, 11 October 2026 — he was on no roster row under any spelling. > Gologorica Status Animarum 1862, the book's later name index (M01069555), house 7: «Hector Ruggierus Defranceschi» · 1896 An Italianate pair of forenames — Ettore Ruggiero — on a Gologorica Defranceschi born in 1896. ⚠ *The index gives a house and a year and nothing else: no parents, no day, no death. He is recorded because he exists and was missing, not because anything places him yet.* (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, Gologorica Status Animarum 1862.)
Ida-Rosa Defranceschi	—	—	Gologorica	Carnia	Gologorica pedigree · ⭐ New, 11 October 2026. > Gologorica Status Animarum 1894 (M01069590): «Defranceschi Antonius, III vir Rosae n. Salamon» · Filiae Antonii: Estella Ida · «Ida-Rosa» Daughter of Antonius Defranceschi and Ruža née Salamon, by her third marriage, and sister of Estella Ida and Hector Ruggierus. ⚠ *The entry gives a name and a position in the family and no date at all.* (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069590, Gologorica Status Animarum 1894.)
Valentinus Marcolini	—	—	Gologorica	undefined	Gologorica pedigree · ⭐ New, 11 October 2026 — the husband the 1862 book could only abbreviate. > Gologorica Status Animarum 1894 (M01069585): «Clotilda, Maria, filia Valentini MARCOLINI* e Beatricis n. Defranceschi»* Husband of Beatrix Hermenegildis Defranceschi (b. 10 Apr 1865), married 26 November 1887, and father of Clotilda Maria (b. 15 Jan 1894). ⚠ No birth, no origin and no trade are given; the 1862 annotation «za Ang.* Val.»* has an «Ang.» this entry does not explain. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069590, Gologorica Status Animarum 1894.)
Clotilda Maria Marcolini	1894	—	Gologorica	undefined	Gologorica pedigree · ⭐ New, 11 October 2026. > Gologorica Status Animarum 1894 (M01069585): «Clotilda, Maria, filia Valentini Marcolini e Beatricis n. Defranceschi» · n. 15 Januar 1894 Daughter of Valentinus Marcolini and Beatrix Hermenegildis Defranceschi, and so a granddaughter of Franciscus Xaverius Defranceschi and Clotilda née Ortis, for whom she is named. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, M01069590, Gologorica Status Animarum 1894.)*
Albina Defranceschi (Lovrinović)	1893	—	Gologorica	undefined	Gologorica pedigree · ⭐⭐ New, 11 October 2026 — and she closes an inference. > Gologorica Status Animarum 1894 (M01069671): «Defranceschi Aloysius, mercator» with «Albina ux. n. Lovrinović» · daughters «Norina» and «Elda-Maria» Wife of Aloysius Arturus Defranceschi (b. 14 May 1883). ✔ **Yesterday Norina and Elda were entered «fil. Aloysii»* and their father was reasoned to be him; this is the household, with a mother.*** The 1921 census enters her at house 87 as «Albina Lovrinovich», born 17 April 1893, with a daughter Maria born 9 April 1920. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, Gologorica Status Animarum 1894.)
Josephus Celentich	—	—	Gologorica	undefined	Gologorica pedigree · ⭐ New, 11 October 2026 — Lina's husband. > Gologorica Status Animarum 1894 (M01069687), under the heading Gologorica: «Celentich Josephus» · conditio «ludimagister» — a schoolmaster — with «Lambertina Lina n. Defranceschi» Their daughters are Gemma Maria and Alice Clotildis Carolina. ⚠ No birth, no origin and no date of marriage are given here. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, Gologorica Status Animarum 1894.)
Gemma Maria Celentich	—	—	Gologorica	undefined	Gologorica pedigree · ⭐ New, 11 October 2026. Daughter of Josephus Celentich, schoolmaster, and Lambertina Lina née Defranceschi (b. 23 Feb 1876), entered in the Gologorica Status Animarum of 1894 (M01069687). ⚠ The entry gives a name and a position in the family and no date. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, Gologorica Status Animarum 1894.)
Alice Clotildis Carolina Celentich	—	—	Gologorica	undefined	Gologorica pedigree · ⭐ New, 11 October 2026. Daughter of Josephus Celentich and Lambertina Lina née Defranceschi, entered in the Gologorica Status Animarum of 1894 (M01069687). ⚠ No date is given. ➕ «Clotildis» is her great-grandmother's name — Clotilda née Ortis. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, Gologorica Status Animarum 1894.)
Andreas Sečešić	—	—	Gologorica	undefined	Gologorica pedigree · ⭐ New, 11 October 2026 — Estella Ida's husband. > Gologorica Status Animarum 1894 (M01069735): «Sečešić Andreas», agricola, with «Estella Ida ux. n. Defranceschi» Their children are Jordanus Andreas Leonardus, Ljubomir Mag. Emil, Jucunda Nella Dora and Jolanda Ortelia Andrina — a set of names markedly more Croatian and more elaborate than anything earlier in this book. ⚠ No dates are given for any of them. (doc — DAPA ZM34K-214, Gologorica Status Animarum 1894.)
Fusca Defranceschi (Lazarić)	1821	1888	Ližnjan	Not placed	undefined · ⭐⭐ A WIFE OF THE NAME THIS ARCHIVE DID NOT HOLD — read on the page, 12 October 2026. Ližnjan «Liber Defunctorum», page 101, entry 23 of 1888, house 75: > «Mort. 17 Augusti, Sep. 19 ejusdem, 1888» — «Fusca uxor Antonii Defranceschi nata Lazarić» — «an. 67» · «naturalis ordin.» · «nat. 30/4 1821» · D. Greg. Smak, par. *Fusca, wife of Antonius Defranceschi, born Lazarić: born 30 April 1821, died 17 August 1888 aged 67, buried on the 19th, of natural causes.* The three figures check each other — born 1821, died 1888, age 67. ⚠ She was in this archive's own files the whole time, and nobody took her up. `register.json` holds her as lead `XQM3-P992`, which the index garbled into «Antonii Defranceschi Or Lazarić» — a flattened parent list that the page resolves at once into *uxor … nata. She is one of three Ližnjan people found this week sitting as unused leads, and the gate now checks for that.* ⚠ Her birth year was deliberately left empty when this row was minted, because that session stopped before reaching the Ætas column and an index is not a document. It was filled only after going back to the page and reading it. ⭐⭐ HER MARRIAGE, AND HER BIRTHPLACE, found 12 October in the marriage book. Ližnjan «Liber Copulatorum», page 22, entry 168: > «1 Junii 1861» · house 59 · SPONSUS «Antonius Defranceski q. Matthæi, agr.», catholic, Ætas 41, *Viduus* · SPONSA «Fosca nata Lazarić q. Simeonis, V[idu]a q. Antonii Mohorić agr., nata e Medolino» — «nata e Medolino»: *born at Medulin, the next parish. And* *both were widowed: he «Viduus», she* «vidua q. Antonii Mohorić». Before 1861 she was a Mohorić, which is why she appears in no earlier Defranceschi entry. Her father was Simeon Lazarić, dead by 1861. Waypoint `9R2Z-4WG`, frame 54. (doc — the burial register of the parish, read at the page.)	record
Maddalena Defranceschi (Našković)	—	—	Ližnjan	Not placed	undefined · ⭐⭐ A DEFRANCESCHI DAUGHTER WHO MARRIED OUT, and a household of seven the archive did not hold — read on the page, 12 October 2026. Ližnjan «Liber Baptizatorum», page 69, 1857, the `Parentes` columns of the second entry: > Pater «Antonio Nascovich fu Giovanni» · Mater «Maddalena Defranceschi fu Matteo» *A Defranceschi daughter, of a Matteo already dead by 1857, wife of Antonio Nascovich.* She is not the Maddalena this archive holds. That one is Maddalena Defranceschi, 1788–1849, dead eight years before this entry was written. This is a different woman of the same name, and she was in no file here. ⭐ And she had a household. The FamilySearch index, harvested on 12 October and tied to the Ližnjan books by ark, carries seven Našković children to a «Maddalena Defranceschi» at this parish: Euffemia 1852, Cattarina 1855, Cattarina 1856, Cattarina 1857, Antonius 1859, Joannes 1869, Josephus 1873 — *three daughters given the same name, which usually means the first two died. None of the seven is in this roster, and none has been read on the page.* They are recorded as leads, not as people. ⚠ Her father is NOT asserted. The entry says only «fu Matteo». This archive's own `register.json` holds lead `XQM3-21M6` — «Mattio Francesch, b. 1799, d. 20 December 1839, Ližnjan» — which fits a Matteo dead before 1857, and which no roster row has ever taken up. *A date that fits is not a match, which is the error this archive refuses on its own side, so the lead is named here as a candidate and nothing more.* Waypoint `9R2Z-44D`, frame 32. (doc — the baptism register of the parish, read at the page, for her name, her patronymic and her husband; the seven children are inf, from the index.)
Josephus Defranceski	1895	1896	Ližnjan	Not placed	undefined · ⭐⭐ THE LAST DEFRANCESCHI IN THE LIŽNJAN DEATH REGISTER — and the spelling has already changed. Ližnjan «Liber Defunctorum», page 119, 1896, house 3, Anagr. II. 85: > «21. Decembris» · «Josephus Defranceski, Matthæi servi» · cathol., mascol., «20 mens.» · «angina» *Twenty months old, dead of angina on 21 December 1896* — so born about April 1895. The birth year here is derived from that age and is marked as such. ⭐ The surname is written «Defranceski» — the -ski ending the family uses today, in the register itself, in 1896. Every earlier entry in this book spells it «Defranceschi». ⭐ And his father is a SERVANT. «Matthæi* servi». In 1870 the Matthæus of* house 3 — Fusca's father — was «agricola». House 3 also buried Mathæus, a year old, in 1891. *Three children of one house in the book, and the father's condition has fallen from smallholder to servant between 1870 and 1896.* Whether it is the same Matthæus or his son is* not settled here. Waypoint `9R2Z-4WG`, frame 64. (doc — the burial register, read at the page; the birth year is inf, from the age.)
Maria Defranceschi	—	—	Pomer, Istra	Not placed	undefined · Daughter of the late Tomas Defranceschi and Magdalena Davić, «oriunda e Pomer». Married Petrus Kirac, son of Simon, at Medulin on 30 July 1874, both then at Medulin house 143; she was 22, so born about 1852. Her daughter Fusca Kirac died at Medulin in 1896 — which is where this archive first met her, as a mother's name in a child's death entry, spelled «Defrancesco».
Tommaso Defranceschi	—	—	Pomer, Istra	Not placed	undefined · The register writes him twice, two ways, in one opening. On his daughter's own line he is «q. Tommasi» — the genitive, from which this archive takes the nominative Tommaso. In the «Genitores Sponsae» column of the facing page he is «def. Tomas De-franceschi cath. agr.», with the surname broken across the line. Dead by 30 July 1874, Catholic, a farmer. His wife is named in the same row: Magdalena Davić. The first man of the name at Pomer attested from a document rather than from a family tree.
Magdalena Davić	—	—	Pomer, Istra	Not placed	undefined · Wife of Tomas Defranceschi of Pomer and mother of Maria. Named in her daughter's marriage at Medulin, 30 July 1874, in the «Genitores Sponsae» column — «Magdalena Davić cath. agr.» Not described as deceased there, unlike her husband.

Built by tools/roster.py from ten record sets, September 2026. A name may appear once here and be several people, or appear twice and be one; where the archive knows, it has merged them, and where it does not, it has left them apart rather than guess.

What the colours mean

CarniaOut of Carnia — our own line, from Mione and Agrons to Gologorica, Gračišće, Crikvenica, Senj and the diaspora

VeniceOut of Venice — Zadar, Omiš, Imotski, Perinuša, Split

CreteOut of Crete — Candia, Zante, Šibenik, Seget, Umag

S. IstriaSouthern Istria — Pula, Fažana, Premantura, Medulin, Barban, Ližnjan and Vodnjan

Not placedA documented Istrian or Kvarner household this archive will not attach to any line — Rijeka, Bakar, Svetvinčenat, Kaštelir, Poreč, Labin and the rest

TrentinoTrentino and South Tyrol — Telve, Strigno, Fiera di Primiero, Laives, Cles. A large and quite separate stock of the name, in the tree because the surname is the same

CorsicaCap Corse — Tomino and Mandolacce. Its own lane on the Lines page, and never in Istria

AbroadAbroad, and the line not established — the United States, Australia, Brazil, Argentina, Switzerland, Canada, France

No placeThe record names no place, or names only «Croatia» or «Austria»

OtherA place that fits none of the above

Written up in full

The lives

Nine people this archive has followed all the way through — the record first, cold and cited, then the life, then what was happening around them.

Carlo De Franceschi

1809–1893 · Historian, Politician, Magistrate

Documented

Born at Moncalvo of modest landowners; elected to the Imperial Parliament in 1848, expelled from the judiciary in 1854, and the first serious historian of his own county.

Camillo De Franceschi

1868–1953 · Historian, Archivist, Irredentist

Documented

Carlo's youngest child. Imprisoned at twenty-one for a firecracker in a Trieste square; died in Venice, an exile, having written the standard history of the county his family came from.

Valentino Defranceschi

?–1785 · Citizen of Fiume, Landowner

Documented

Came from Carnia and was made a citizen of Fiume in 1739 — the same year he baptised a son there. Fourteen of his children are now recovered from the Rijeka register.

Giovanni Battista Defranceschi

?–? · Citizen of Fiume

Inferred

Came from the County of Pazin around 1740 and was made a citizen of Fiume in 1746.

Domenico de Franceschi

?–? · Burgher

Family

Recorded from 1614. The earliest of the three lines the existing research treats as unrelated.

Zuane De Franceschi

?–? · Weaver

Documented

Named in 1679, with a son, as a weaver of Mione working in the Habsburg County of Pazin. The oldest documented tie between this family's two Italian-side origins.

Gaspar de Franceschi

1562–1609 · Shipowner, Admiral

Inferred

Recorded at Omiš in 1590 as owner of the warship Vascello and later admiral of the fleet. The family chart gives him dates, 1562–1609, and a wife.

Zuane Ivan Franceschi

1673–1741 · Count, Omiš councillor, Volunteer commander

Documented

A landowner on the Omiš coast who took in six hundred refugees and kept them for two and a half years, then raised a company at his own expense, took the town of Imotski before the Venetian army arrived, was first through the wall of the fortress — and was ruined by it.

Ante Defrančeski

1894–1949 · Schoolteacher, Educational theorist, Author

Documented

Born at Ližnjan near Pula in 1894 and the only person of this surname to have written a shelf of books in Croatian — nine of them, on how to teach a child to read.

Others who carried the name

Listed because people search for them and arrive here. Almost none of them is demonstrably related — a shared patronymic is not a shared ancestor, and saying otherwise is how family myths start.

Name	Dates	What	Where	Link to this family
Piero della Francesca	c.1415–1492	Painter	Sansepolcro	No link shown Son of Benedetto de' Franceschi and Romana di Perino da Monterchi
Andrea dei Franceschi	fl. 1525	Chancellor of Venice	Venice	No link shown Became Grand Chancellor at 57; portrayed by Titian
Francesco de' Franceschi	fl. 1443–1468	Painter	Venice	No link shown
Francesco Franceschi	d. c.1599	Printer and engraver	Venice	No link shown Sienese roots; the Venetian printing trade
Girolamo de Franceschi	1455–1513	Theologian, Bishop of Corone	Koper	Inferred Born at Koper in Istria; died at Udine
Alessandro de Franceschi	1545–1601	Dominican Bishop of Forlì	Forlì	No link shown
Mariano de Franceschi	b. 1849	Painter	Rome	Inferred Academia di San Luca; exhibited Turin 1884, Rome 1888, Venice
Carlo de Franceschi	1900–1972	Historian	Trieste → Venice	Documented Son of Camillo; edited his father's county history
Italo de Franceschi	1907–1957	Historian	Trieste → Venice	Documented Son of Camillo
Carlo Francesco Defranceschi	living	Composer	Mantua	No link shown Conservatoire Giuseppe Verdi, Turin; two Guinness records in 2019